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COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM 



OF THE 



Kansas State Agricultural College. 



CONTAINING A COMPLETE AND AUTHENTIC HISTOKY OF THE INSTI- 
TUTION AND ITS VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS; SHORT SKETCHES 
OF THE FACUETY AND GRADUATES; ACCOUNTS OF ALL 
STUDENT organizations; EXTRACTS FROM SO- 
CIETY PAPERS, STUDENT ORATIONS, ETC. 



ILLUSTRATED. 



PREP.VIIEI) BY THE 



COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM PUBLISHING CO., Manhattan, Kansas. 



TOPEKA, KANSAS: 

THE HALL & O DONALD LITHO. CO. 
1891. 



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WE RESPECTFULLY DEDICATE 

THIS LITTLE VOLUME 

TO ALL WHO, BY THEIR HEARTY CO-OPERATION, 

HAVE rendp:red 

ITS PUBLICATION A POSSIBILITY. 



HI ntCRANQS. 
0£C f IMI 



EDITING BOARD. 



1. PHIL S. CREAGER, 

EDrrORiN-CiiiEP. 

2. JOHN O. MORSE, 

3. HERMAN W. AVERY, 

LiTERAKY Editors. 

4. ALFRED MIDGLEY, 

Historical Editor. 

5. SAMUEL L. VAN ULARCOM, 

Statistical Editor. 

6. HARRY E. MOORE, 

Art Editor. 

7. KARY 0. DAVIS, 

Business Manager. 



PREFACE. 



Althoiio'h the Kansas State Agricultural College has been in active 
operation for nearly a quarter of a century, its students have not 
heretofore attempted to follow the example set by their eastern 
contemporaries in the publication of a "college annual," or kindred 
work. But the increasing number of students and the growing im- 
portance of this College as an educational institution has led seven 
members of the senior class to attempt the publication of a book, 
which, for lack of a better name, they have called The College 
Symposium. 

We have labored under many disadvantages. The idea of pre- 
paring such a book, was not conceived until late in the college year, 
consequently our work has all been done in great haste, and you will 
doubtless find in it many imperfections, for which we beg charitable 
consideration. We have done our best, and hope that we have suc- 
ceeded in compiling something that will be of interest and value 
to all of our subscribers. 

We are indebted to various members of the faculty for valuable 
assistance, and especially to Prof. J. D. Walters, who has furnished us 
with the college history, and who has given us great assistance in the 
work of designing and executing our drawings. We also acknowl- 
edge indebtedness to the faculty committee charged with the tedi- 
ous task of correcting copy and reading proof. To these and the 
many others who have materially aided us in our lal)ors, we extend 
our heartfelt thanks. 

The Puijlisiiers. 
June 8, 1891. 



BOARD OF REGENTS. 



Hon. morgan CARAWAY, ( 1892,)* President. 

Great Bend, Bakton Co. 

Hon. R. W. FINLEY, (1893,) Vice rrcxulmt, 

GOODLAND, SlIEllMAN CO. 

Hon. JNO. E. HESSIN, (1892,) Trea.mrer, 

Manhattan, Riley Co. 

Hon. T. p. MOORE, (1893,) Loan Commustoner, 

Holton, Jackson Co. 

Hon. a. p. FORSYTH, ( 1894,) Liijehty, Montgo.meky Co. 

Hon. JOSHUA WHEELER. (1894,) Nortonviij.e, Jefferson Co. 

Pres. GEO. T. FAIRCHILD, (ex officio), SecrcUtvy. 



I. D. GRAHAM, Assistnnt Secretary. Manhattan. 



♦Term expires. 



MANHATTAN. 

Location has very much to do with the success of an educational 
institution. The conditions that insure good health and afford pleas- 
ure to the student, as well as to the professor, are potent factors in 
the upbuilding of a school. 

Manhattan was wisely chosen among the many tempting locations 
offered to the settlers of Kansas "in the fifties," and the selection 
of a college site in this vicinity, on the choicest of its numerous 
hills, was the work of wise builders. The winding Kaw, that flows 
in from the northwest, through many a mile of tortuous and tree- 
lined course, met at its most abrupt turns by precipitous bluffs, 
grass-clad and beautiful in summer, sere and solemn in the autumn; 
gathering into its bosom the waters of the Blue, which rolls in 
rapid current down the beautiful valley from Nebraska, our neighbor 
on the north; thence departing eastward through a broad and fertile 
plain, leaving a band of brightness in its path that narrows to noth- 
ing in the distance; these are the main features of the landscape 
that spreads out before the student or the visitor as he stands on the 
college campus, or as he looks out from the main building. 

Manhattan is one of the choicest spots in Kansas, and not one 
surpasses it in the elements of beauty that go to make up the surround- 
ino-s of hill and stream, of wood and road and valley- The combi- 
nations that make favorable conditions for health are found here in 
large degree; but this is not all. Looking across the valley 
southeasterly from the college Manhattan lies in full view just at 
the base of the hill on which are grouped the college buildings. 
Manhattan, a city of pleasant homes, where a full dozen churches 
rear their spires heavenward, or summon to Sunday service by many 
pealing bells. 

Out from the midst of the city the railroads run in five diverging 
lines, like the spokes of a wheel. These afford easy access to the 
hundreds of students and their friends who gather annually at the 
Kansas State Agricultural College which is to them "a thing of 
beauty and a joy forever." 

"All roads lead to Manhattan." 



THE KANSAS STATE AGRICULTURAL 
COLLEGE. 



ITS HISTORY, ENDOWMENT AND OBJECTS. 



BY PROF. J. D. WALTERS. 

The Kansas State Agricultural College owes its location and 
initiative momentum to the pioneers of Manhattan, who, unlike the 
first settlers of many westerii towns, were mostly people of educa- 
tion and culture. The city was founded in 1855 by the co-opera- 
tion of two colonies — one from New England, arriving March 24th, 
and one from Cincinnati, arriving June 1st. Among the members 
of the New England colony were several college graduates, and it 
is stated that the foundino- of a colleo-e was discussed and decided 
upon during the voyage long before reaching the objective point of 
the expedition, the confluence of the Big Blue and Kaw Rivers. 

BLUEMONT COLLEGE. 

From necessity the project had to be deferred for a while, but it 
was not abandoned. As early as 1857, when the buffaloes were yet 
numerous in the northern part of Riley county, and less than three 
summers had bleached the roof of the first house west of the Blue 
river, an association was formed to build a college in or near Man- 
hattan, to be under control of the Methodist Episcopal Church 
of Kansas, and to be called "Bluemont Central College." 

The charter was approved February 9th, 1858. It provided for 
the establishment of a classical college, but contained the follow- 
ing, in the light of future history, interesting section: 

" The said Association shall have power and authority to estab- 
lish, in addition to the Literary Department of Arts and Sciences, 
an Agricultural Department, with separate professors, to test soils, 
experiment in the raising of crops, the cultivation of trees, etc.. 



12 



COLLEGE SYMPOSrUM. 



upon a farm set apart for the purpose, so as to bring out to the ut- 
most practical results the agricultural advantages of Kansas, es- 
pecially the capabilities of the high prairie lands." 

The leading members of the Association were Rev.. Joseph Deni- 
son, D. D., afterwards President of the College; Isaac T. Goodnow, 
elected State Superintendent in 1862, re-elected in 1864; Rev. W. 
Marlatt, now a model farmer on College Hill; C. S. Pomeroy, after- 




ISAAC T. GOODNOW. 

wards U. S. Senator from Kansas; and Geo. S. Park, a Missourian, 
who had settled just below the mouth of Wild Cat Creek and had 
laid out a town there some weeks previous to the arrival of the 
New England colony. 

A site of one hundred and sixty acres was selected for the insti- 
tution upon the rising ground about one mile west from the town, 
and the title secured by special act of Congress introduced and 



HISTORY. 



13 



fathered by Senator Pomeroy. The Cincinnati Town Company 
promised liberal aid in town lots and town stock, but coupled their 
promise with the illiberal clause, that the aid should not be delivered 
until the College Association could show property to the amount of 
1100,000. The New England Town Company gave fifty shares of 
stock in the north half of Manhattan, representing one hundred city 
lots. I. T. Goodnow, assisted by Dr. Denison, sold these, and by per- 
sonal solicitation here and in the East obtained funds for a building. 
Many of the founders must have taxed themselves quite heavily. 




BLUEMOUNT COLLEGE BUILDING. 
G. S. Park, S. D. Houston, Joseph Denison, John Kimball, J. S. 
Goodnow, I. T. Goodnow, and Washington Marlatt, gave three 
hundred dollars each, which were princely gifts when measured by 
the financial condition of these pioneers. The whole amount of cash 
collected from all sources at the time amounted to four thousand 
dollars. 

The corner stone was laid with elaborate ceremony. May 10th, 
1859, with speeches from Gen. Pomeroy and others, and the institu- 
tion was opened for the reception of students about one year there- 
after. It was a poor time and place, however, for building up a 



14 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

college. The squatters had nothing to give, the students were 
scarce, the M. E. Conference of the State had tvvo other educational 
institutions to support, and the whole territory was disturbed by the 
bloody preambles of the War of the Rebellion. 

Upon the admission of Kansas as a State, January 2Dth,1861, the 
founding of a State University became a probability, and the Trus- 
tees of Bluemont College, represented by Hon. I. T. Goodnow, were 
nearly successful in locating that institution at Manhattan by offer- 
ing their building for this purpose. On March 1st the measure 
passed both Houses of the Legislature, but met with a veto from 
Gov. Chas. Robinson, who was determined that the State University 
or the State Capitol should go to Lawrence. A little over a year 
later, another chance presented itself for the College to become a 
State institution. When, on July 2d, 1862, the "Agricultural 
College Act" was passed by Congress, the Trustees offered it once 
more to the Legislature, and this time the offer, consisting of one 
hundred acres of land, a plain three-story stone building, a library 
of several hundred volumes, and some illustrative apparatus, valued 
altogether at about twenty-five thousand dollars, was accepted. 

THE "MORRILL ACT." 

The act referred to is "An Act donating public lands to the 
several States and Territories which may provide colleges for the 
benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts," giving to each State 
lands to the amount of 30,000 acres for each senator and represen- 
tative in Congress for "the endowment, support, and maintenance 
of at least one college" for the benefit of "agriculture and the me- 
chanic arts." The bill originated with Representative Justin S. 
Morrill, of Vermont, and was passed by Congress in 1859 ; but was 
vetoed by President James Buchanan under the pressure of the 
States Rights party. In 1862 the act was again passed, cham- 
pioned once more by the same philanthropist, who was at this time 
a member of the Senate, and the same pen that wrote the proclama- 
tion of emancipation — the death warrant of American slavery — ap- 
proved it. 

THE ENDOWMENT. 

Kansas was among the first of the galaxy of States to accept the 
proffered endowment. The resolution of the Legislature to " agree 



HISTORY. 



15 



and obli.o-ate itself to comply with all the provisions of said act" 
was approved by Governor Carney, February 3d, 1868, and the 
resolution to accept the offer of the Trustees of Bluemont Central 
College in "fee simple" February 16th of the same year. Thus 
Manhattan became the seat of the Kansas State Agricultural Col- 
lege. 

Three commissioners were immediately appointed by the Gover- 
nor to select the lands. The grant gave 90,000 acres; but as a 
portion of the selected tracts supposed to be within the railroad 
limits counted double, the college received but 82,313.52 acres. In 



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L. R. ELLIOTT. 

the fall of 1866, Hon. J. M. Harvey commenced the appraisal of 
these lands, and July 27th, 1867, reported his work completed. 
Hon. I. T. Goodnow was appointed land agent in 1867, Hon. S. D. 
Houston, having, as temporary agent, previously sold a few acres. 
Mr. Goodnow held the office until the reorganization of the college 
in 1873, and sold about 42,000 acres for about 1180,000. His suc- 
cessor, L. R. Elliott, held the office of land agent from 1873 to 1883, 
and sold over 32,000 acres for about $240,000. The remainder, some 
8,000 acres, was sold for over $30,000 by Mr. J. B. Gifford, who 
held the office of land agent until after all the land was sold in 1888. 
The total fund derived from these sales is $501,426.33, all of which, 



10 COLLEdE SYMPOSli'M. 

except |13,04().47 in unpaid land contracts, is invested in Kansas 
bonds paying six per cent interest. Tiie State has made good losses 
from this fund by unfortunate investment or fraud to the amount of 
$3,775.57. 

The deficiency of 7,686.48 acres in the amount of land received 
by the College was closely inquired into, and the still valid claim 
was presented before the Department of the Interior by Hon. S. .1. 
Crawford, in 1880, and again in 1887, with added proof of its char- 
acter, afEorded by later decisions of the Supreme Court of the 
United States. When the Secretary of the Interior refused to re- 
open the case decided adversely in 3880, the matter was brought 
to the attention of Congress by a joint resolution offered in 
the House of Representatives by Hon. .John A. Anderson, granting 
to the State the privilege of selecting from public lands still unsold 
within the limits of the State the amount needed to make up the 
loss from the original 90,000 acres. The resolution was favorably 
reported by the Committee on Public Lands, and passed both 
Houses without objection. President Cleveland, however, vetoed 
it upon the ground that this State, having selected lands which fell 
within the limits of the railroad afterwards located, had received all 
to which it was rightly entitled. 

CONORESSIONAL APPROPRIATIONS. 

In March, 1887, Congress passed the so-called " Hatch Bill," which 
provided for the organization in each State of a station for agricul- 
tural experiments, and gave to each station an annual appropriation 
of $15,000 for this purpose. The Legislature designated this Col- 
lege as the proper place for such experimental work, and the insti- 
tution has received since April, 1888, when the first payment was 
made, $60,000 from this source. Further particulars with regard to 
this appropriation, and the very valuable work which it has enabled 
the College to do in the interest of western agriculture, will be 
found in another part of this historic sketch. 

On August 30th, 1800, another act was passed by Congress, the 
so-called "College Aid Bill," an a t applying a portion of the pro- 
ceeds of the public lands to the more complete endowment and 
support of the colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the me- 
chanic arts established under the provisions of the " Morrill Act," 



iiisroiiY. 17 

It provides for an annual appropriation, beginning with fifteen 
thousand dollars for 1890, with an annual increase for ten years by 
an additional sum of one thousand dollars over the preceding year, 
the annual amount thereafter to each State to be twenty-five thou- 
sand dollars. A provision attached to this bill demands that 
the appropriation is to be applied only to instruction in agricul- 
ture, the mechanic arts, the English language, and the various 
branches of mathematical, physical, natural and economic science, 
with special reference to their applications in the industries of life, 
and to the facilities for such instructions. No money shall 
be paid out under this act to any State for the support of a 
college where a distinction of race or color is made in the ad- 
mission of students, though the establishment and maintenance of 
such colleges separately for white and colored people shall be held 
to be a compliance with the provisions of the act, if the funds re- 
ceived be equally divided. Another provision requires that no 
portion of this appropriation shall be applied, directly or indirectly, 
under any pretense whatever, to the purchase, erection, preservation 
or repair of any building or buildings. 

STATE APPROPRIATIONS. 

In miscellaneous appropriations, the College has received from 
the State since its organization, and including the years 1892 and 
1893, for which appropriations have been made, about $283,000, and 
from the township of Manhattan, in 1871, $12,000 in bonds. 
These appropriations were made partly for permanent improvements 
and partly for running expenses or cancelling debts, and do not in- 
clude pay of Regents, land and loan agents, and for selecting lands. 
Those of 1866-70 were first made in shape of a loan, but were donat- 
ed again in 1870. It will be seen that the average annual State 
appropriation has been less than |>10,000, while a comparison of the 
aggregate with the inventory of last year amounting to $256,249.95, 
shows a difference of less than $20,000. In other words, the present 
inventory practically accounts for or compensates for every cent the 
taxpayers of Kansas have contributed toward the upbuilding of the 
institution. 
—2 



18 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

INM863. 
It is natural that the College should have remained for a time, as 
it did, under the care of its founders and donators, and as a conse- 
quence should have conformed to the ideal before their minds. The 
charter provided for four departments — science and literature, 
mechanic arts, agriculture and military tactics. Of these, that of 
science and literature was put in operation. The course was laid 
out to cover four years with an indefinite preparatory, and conformed 
closely with that of Bluemont Central College. The first catalogue 
gives the names of ninety-four students in the preparatory depart- 
ment and fourteen in the college proper. Seventy-four were from 
Riley county. The faculty consisted of Rev. Joseph Denison, D. 
D., A. M., president and professor of ancient languages and mental and 
moral sciences; J. G. Schnebly, A. M., professor of natural science; 
Rev. N. O. Preston, A. M., professor of mathematics and English 
literature; Jeremiah Evarts Piatt, principal of preparatory depart- 
ment; Miss Belle Haines, assistant teacher in the preparatory depart- 
ment; and Mrs. Eliza C. Beckwith, teacher of instrumental music. 

PRESIDENT DENISON. 

Joseph Denison, D. D., A. M., the first president of the Kansas 
State Agricultural College, was born in Bernardston, Franklin 
county, Mass., October 1st, 1815. When he was two years old his 
parents removed to Colerain, in the same county, where they en- 
gaged in farming. Here young Denison lived the usual life of the 
New England farmer boy of those days. In the fall of 1833 he en- 
tered Wilbrakham Academy to prepare for college, and in 1837 he 
joined the sophomore class in Wesleyan University at Middletown, 
Conn., where he graduated in 1840. In the same year he was 
elected Professor of Languages in America Seminary, Duchess 
county, N. Y., and held that position for three years, having for his 
pupils such men as Alexander Winchell, the renowned geologist, 
and Albert S. Hunt, the great philanthro{)ist, whose gifts to hos- 
pitals and institutions of learning aggregated a million dollars or 
more. From 1843 to 1855 he was engaged in the work of the min- 
istry in Massachusetts, and in the spring of the latter year he came 
to Kansas, settling on a tract of government land near Manhattan, 







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REV. JOSEPPI DENISON. 



HISTORY. 19 

where he became one of the prime movers in the organization of 
Bluemont College and its president. A few years later, when 
the CjUeore became a Stute institution, he was still its president, 
holding this responsible position until 1873, when he resigned and 
soon after accepted, for a time, the presidency of Baker University 
at Baldwin City. At present he is engaged in the work of the 
ministry of the M. E. Church. Dr. Denison is characterized by his 
collaborators as a man of conservative views with regard to edu- 
cation, politics and religion — a typical New Englander of the old 
school. As a financier, for himself as well as for the institution, he 
did not prove an entire success, but he was warmly devoted to his 
work, honest to himself and his trust, and unselfish in every one of 
his acts. Kansas owes Dr. Denison a debt of gratitude which can 
never be repaid. 

FROM 1863 TO 1873. 
During the first ten years, the College grew slowly. Up to 1873 
but fifteen students had graduated. The reasons must be looked 
for in many directions: the newness of the State, the western loca- 
tion of Manhattan, the inadequacy of means, the founding of rival 
literary institutions at Lawrence, Baldwin, Topeka, etc.,^nd the 
fact that the industrial education was in its experimental stage. 
President Denison and a majority of the professors were classic 
students, and had no faith in the educational results of technical 
instruction not connected with the classics. They planned to add 
elective work in practical science and applied mathematics to the 
"old education," but^t should supplement, and not supplant, this. 
The introduction of obligatory daily manual labor as an educational 
factor was not attempted. Aside from occasional lectures on general 
topics, little work was done for agriculture and the mechanic arts, 
and the increasingly frequent demands for an institution that would 
educate towards, instead of away from, the farm and the workshop 
were met with uncertain promises. The Board, largely composed 
of professional men, must have held similar views, though the re- 
port of the State Commissioners of 1873 says that " Attempts were 
made by members of this body at different times to change the 
curriculum of study, and in other respects to alter the running of 
the College so as to make it conform more nearly to the demands of 
the people." 



20 



COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 



It should not be assumed, however, that the institution failed of 
doing g'ood work in its class rooms. The Literary Department was 
second to no higher school of the kind in the State. The cataloo-ue 
of 1868-69 states that, up to that time, the ColleCTe had educated at 
least eighty teachers for the public seliools. A large number of 
ministers, especially of the M. E. church, which still considered the 
institution as its protege, and reported it as such at the annual con- 
ferences, also received their education here. Nor were the sciences 
entirely neglected. Benjamin F. Mudge, A. M., called to the chair 
of natural science in 1865, was an enthusiastic teacher and an un- 
tiring explorer. Aided by some of his pupils, one of whom is now 




BOARDING HALL. 

professor of geology at the Kansas State University, Professor 
Mudge made a large collection of geological specimens and donated 
it to the College, where it formed a nucleus 9i the present museum. 
Being the first "take" in the new State, it contained many speci- 
mens which could not have been acquired later. The professor 
taught at the College for about eight years, after which he devoted 
himself entirely to the work of collecting for eastern institutions 
and the writing of scientific papers for a number of ])ublieations. 
To him the State of Kansas owes its first comprehensive geo- 
logical map; and it was a proper acknowledgment of her indebted- 
ness to his unselfish life-work, when after his death in 1879, his 
name was engraved in one of the wall panels in the Hall of Repre- 
sentatives at the State Capitol, and the State Academy of Science 
erected a massive granite monument upon his grave overlooking 
the Colletre buildinof from a neiahborinof hill. 



HI8T0EY. 



21 



The following is a short synopsis of the material signs of progress 
and growth during the period: A library of rtearlv three thousand 
volumes was accumulated, chiefly through the efforts of Hon. I. 
T. Goodnow, who wrote hundreds of soliciting letters to eastern 
publishers, philanthropists and personal friends. In 1807, a capa- 
cious Student Boarding Hall was built by resident parties, but, as 
it proved a poor financial investment, it was afterwards urged 
upon and purchased bv the College, a deal that evoked severe cen- 




BAKN AS IT WAS TO BE. 

sure by the people of the State, and furnished a point of attack to 
unfriendly legislators for a whole decade. At the time of its erec- 
tion the building met an evident want, but, costing the College 
over $10,000 when this was financially embarrassed, the purchase 
was a misfortune. In 1875, when the College was removed to the 
new farm, the Hall became entirely useless, until, in 1889, after 
having been sold to a private party for $1,000, a fire devoured its 
rotten floors and roofs and calcined its crumbling walls. In 1808, 
an extensive forest and fruit tree plantation was started. It con- 
tained some two hundred varieties of trees, many of which were 
entirely new to the prairie country, and have since then proved very 
valuable. In 1871, the "New Farm," a beautifully-located tract 
of land, comprising 155 acres, was bought at a total cost of $29,- 
832.71, in scrip. The city of Manhattan, frightened over the re- 



22 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

peated attempts of zealous friends of the StateUniversity at Lawrence 
to consolidate the Agricultural Colleo-e with that institution, con- 
tributed $12,000, the result of a bond election. A solid stone fence 
was built around the whole tract, and the erection of a laro-e barn 
commenced — a broad, corniced, massive-looking stone structure, 
with numerous wings, towers, stairways, elevators and offices. The 
barn was never completed, however, and the finished west wing 
served its purpose for a short time only. It was afterwards, under 
President John A. Anderson, turned into a class room building, 
and still later, under President Geo. T. Fairchild, into a drill hall 
and museum. In 1872, a Veterinary Department was organized 
and put under the management of .1. H. Detmers, V. S., but discon- 
tinued, in 1874, for want of means and patronage. 

THE REORGANIZATION. 

In accordance with an act of the Legislature reconstructing the 
governments of the several State institutions, approved March (kh, 
1873, Governor Osborne in the spring of that year appointed a new 
Board. Soon afterwards President Denison resigned, and the va- 
cancy was filled bv the election of Rev. John A. x'Vnderson of Junc- 
tion City. The result was a radical change in the policy of the 
institution. To this Board, counting among its members such men 
as Dr. Charles Reynolds, post chaplain at Fort Riley, and J. K. 
Hudson, the founder of the Kansas Farmer and the Capital., and 
to President Anderson, the State is indebted for the conception and 
inauguration of the educational policy which has placed the Kan- 
sas State Aorricultural Colleore near the head of the list of the land- 
grant institutions of America. 

JOHN A. ANDERSON. 

John A. Anderson was born in Washington county, Pennsyl- 
vania, June 26th, 1884; graduated at Miami University in 1858, 
the room-mate of President Benjamin Harrison; studied theology, 
and preached in Stockton, California, from 1857 till 18(32. Early in 
that year he entered the army as chaplain of the Third California 
Infantry. In 1868, he entered the service of the United States 
Sanitary Commission, and his first duty was to act as relief agent 
of the Twelfth Army Corps. He was next transferred to its central 



£-^' 




HON. JOHN A. ANDERSON. 



HISTORY. 23 

office, in New York. When Grant be^an the movement through 
the Wilderness, Anderson was made Superintendent of transporta- 
tion, and had under his command half a dozen steamers. Upon 
completion of this campaign, he served as Assistant Superintendent 
of the Canvass and Supply Department at Philadelphia, and edited 
a paper called the Sanitary Commission Bulletin. At the close of 
the war he was transferred to the Historical Bureau of the Com- 
mission at Washington, remaining there one year, collecting data 
and writing a portion of the history of the Commission. In 1866, he 
was appointed Statistician of the Citizens' Association of Pennsyl- 
vania, an organization for the purpose of relieving the suffering re- 
sulting from pauperism, vagrancy, and crime in the large cities. 
In February, 1868, he accepted a call from the Presbyterian church 
at Junction City, Kansas, and remained its pastor until the fall of 
1873, when he became president of the Kansas State Agricultural 
College at Manhattan, which position he held until his election to 
Congress in 1878. Mobile president of the College he was ap- 
pointed one of the jurors on machine tools for wood, metal, and 
stone at the Centennial Exhibition. 

The subsequent history of John A. Anderson is equally charac- 
teristic of the man. He served as member of Congress from this dis- 
trict until the spring of 1891. During the fall campaign of 1890 
the Farmers Alliance movement had withdrawn from the ranks of 
the Republican party much of the element which had elected and 
re-elected him triumphantly in six consecutive elections. Ander- 
son was not re-nominated and refused to run " wild." The result 
was, that the Republican party, as well as its trustworthy leader in 
this district, lost a seat in Conoress. Of the larg-e number of Con- 
gressional bills which were introduced and advocated by Anderson 
may be mentioned the one reducing the postage of letters from 
three to two cents, and the one creating an agricultural department 
as a branch of the National executive government. In March, 1891, 
Anderson was appointed Consul General to Cairo, Egypt, and sailed 
for his new post on April 6th. 

In a "Hand-book of the Kansas State Agricultural College," 
published in 1874, President Anderson fully discussed his reasons 
for the changes made in the old system, a few of which are epito- 
mized here : — 



24 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

1. It is impossible for most people to find time to study every- 
thing that it is important for some men to master. 

2. The subjects discarded, in whole or in part, by each separate 
class of students should be those that it is supposed will be of least 
importance to them. 

3. Of those retained, prominence should l)e g'iven to each in pro- 
portion to the actual benefit expected to be derived from it. 

4. The farmer and mechanic should be as completely educated 
as the lawyer and minister; but the information that is essential to 
the one class is often comparatively useless to the other ; and it is 
therefore unjust to compel all classes to pursue the same course of 
study. 

5. Ninety-seven per centof the people of Kansas are in the various 
industrial vocations, and only three per cent, in the learned profes- 
sions ; yet prominence is given to the studies that are most useful 
to the professions instead of those that ai;e most useful to the 
industrial pursuits. This state of things should be reversed, and 
the greatest prominence given to the subjects that are the most 
certain to fit the great majority for the work they should and will 
pursue. 

6. Most young men and young women are unable to go 
"through" college. Therefore, each year's course of study should, 
as far as is practicable, be complete in itself. 

7. The natural effect of exclusive head-work, as contradistin- 
guished from hand-work, is to beget a dislike for the latter. 

8. The only way to counteract this tendency is to educate the 
head and the hands at the same time, so that when a young man 
leaves college he will be prepared to earn his living in a vocation 
in which he has fitted himself to excel. 

THE NEW EDUCATION. 

Adoptinc- these views, the Board of Recrents discontiiuied the 
school of literature and oro-anized those of aofriculture and the me- 
chanic arts. Three new professorships were established ; namely, 
botany and entomology. Professor J. IS. Whitman ; chemistry and 
physics, Professor W. K. Ked/.ie ; mathematics. Professor M. L. 
Ward. In order to provide better accommodations for the students 
the deoartments of instruction were removed from the old farm to 



HISTORY. 25 



the new one, where the finished wing of the barn was fitted up for 
class rooms. Work shops in iron and wood, a printing office, a 
telegraph office, a kitchen laboratory, and a sewing room were equip- 
ped and provided with instructors, and fifty minutes of educational 
manual labor was added to the daily work of every student. Three 
years later the course of study was reduced to four years ; i. e. the 
preparatory course was abolished, the teaching of Butler's analogy, 
Latin, German and French discontinued, and the requirements for 
admission lowered so as to connect the institution directly with the 
better grade of public schools. 

In order to fully appreciate the efforts of President Anderson 
with regard to the reorganization of the work of instruction, it 
seems necessary to take a glance at the educational reform move- 
ment in other parts of the country. It is a fact not generally 
known, and one of which Kansas and the friends of this institution 
may well be proud, that the Kansas State Agricultural College was 
among the very first free schools of college grade in the United 
States where systematic daily manual work became an obligatory 
branch of instruction for all male students, and that it was the 
first institution of any kind in this country which reduced the min- 
imum age of admission to such instruction to fourteen years. There 
had, of course, been numerous attempts to teach such work before, 
but it had either been made optional or else it was limited to certain 
departments. In the Worcester Free Institute, founded in 1865 
and opened in November, 1868, the shop work was made obligatory 
only to the students in the course of mechanical engineering, all 
of whom were above sixteen years of age. In the Industrial Uni- 
versity of Illinois, shop work was provided only for the students in 
the architectural department. In Washington University, at St. 
Louis, the Preparatory or Manual Training School, which, through 
the writings and enthusiastic work of its Dean, C. M. Woodward, 
has become the pattern for schools of the kind from the Atlantic to 
the Pacific, and far beyond, and is usually considered as the first in- 
stitution that provided systematic instruction in wood and iron work 
to all of its pupils, the first experiments in this line were made in 1872. 
The work, however, was limited to the polytechnic departments, 
and the age of admission of the pupils to fifteen years, while the 
Manual Training School was not organized until June 6th, 1879. 



26 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

The Massachusetts Institute of Technolocry, where the "father of 
American tool instruction," President ,1. D. Runkle, developed the 
analytical system of shop work, an improvement upon the Russian 
system of Delia Yos, did not commence instruction in iron work 
until the spring of 1877. The only institution, in fact, which gave 
daily shop instruction to all its pupils, previous to the reconstruction 
of the Kansas State Agricultural College, was the Stevens Institute 
of Technology, of Hoboken, N. J., created by the munificence of 
the great philanthropist, S. A. Stevens. It will be seen from these 
historic statements of the growth of tool instruction that President 
Anderson was well forward among the educators of the country 
who foresaw the coming educational changes; that he was a leader 
rather than a follower. 

As might be expected, these changes of educational policy 
created some friction. Several members of the old teaching force 
resigned, while others, taking part against the reorganization, were 
discharged. Even the newly called members were more or less 
strongly opposed to some of the methods adopted by Anderson, 
especially with regard to the reduction of the course of study from six 
to four years, and the abolishing of the instruction in Latin. The 
most intense feeling existed for awhile. The students, encouraged 
by the attitude of the retiring professors, held indignation meetings, 
while the citizens of Manhattan, considering the fight largely their 
own, were split into irreconcilable factions — "for Latin" and 
"atT-ainst Latin." Petitions were sent to the Board requesting a 
change of policy in order to save the institution from certain ruin. 
The aid of the Governor was evoked to remove President Anderson, 
who was described as an educational charlatan; but the manage- 
ment remained firm. Gradually the storm subsided. The new 
members of the faculty began to assert their influence; the attend- 
ance did not fall off as had been predicted, the Legislature was 
satisfied with the change; and the "new education," though hardly 
more than an experiment as yet, had score.d another victory. 

"THE INDUSTRIALTST." 
President Anderson was a prolific and vigorous writer. He 
defended his policy whenever and wlierever he was attacked, and 
gave no quarter. His chief weapon during these struggles was the 




PROF. E. M. SHELTON. 



HISTORY. 27 

Weekly Industrialist^ edited by the faculty, and printed by the 
printing department. The first number appeared on April 24,1875, 
and the paper has been issued ever since — an effective advertiser of 
the College and its work, and a ready medium for the dissemination 
of experimental knowledge, new pedagogical theories, and scientific 
truths. The Industrialist is now completing its sixteenth volume. 

PRESIDENT ANDERSON'S COLLABORATORS. 

Among the new members of the faculty none entered upon the 
work of reorganization with more zeal and sympathy and assisted 
more effectively in bringing its practical work into favor with the 
farmers of the State, than Prof. E. M. Shelton, M. Sc, elected to 
the Chair of Agriculture in 1874. 

Edward Mason Shelton was born in Huntingdonshire, England 
August 7th, 1846, and in 1855, came with his parents to America 
settling in New York. In 1800, the family moved to Michigan 
He received his education at the Michigan Agricultural College 
graduating in 1871, and took a course of special study under Dr 
Manly Miles. At this time an agent of the Japanese government 
was in this country, seeking men for the advancement of the agri- 
cultural interests of Japan, and through him Mr. Shelton was ap- 
pointed Superintendent of the Government Experiment Farm at 
Tokio. He was the first teacher of American agricultural methods 
and systematic farming in Japan, and although ill health demanded 
his return to America at the expiration of a year, he left a strong 
impression upon the farming interests of that country. He next 
joined the Greeley Colony of Colorado, but soon returned to his 
agricultural studies and investigations at the Michigan College, and 
from thence was in 1874 chosen Professor of Agriculture and Super- 
intendent of the Farm at the Kansas State Agricultural College, in 
which position he remained until the first of January, 1890, when 
he accepted a call by the Governor of Queensland, Australia, to the 
honorable and responsible position of agricultural adviser to the 
government. His writings have been widely quoted, and his in- 
fluence has been marked upon the trend of agricultural education. 
He was secretary of the State Shorthorn Breeders' Association and 
of the National Association for the advancement of Aofricultural 
Science. 



28 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

Of other teachers who were elected during- the presidency of 
Anderson, and are entitled to credit for assistance in the work of 
reconstruction, should be named Professors William K. Kedzie, M. 
Sc, M. L. Ward, A. M., George H. Failyer, M. Sc, and John 
D. Walters, M. Sc. Biographical sketches of the two last named 
who have remained with the College, will be found in another part 
of this volume. 

Prof. W. K. Kedzie was the eldest son of the veteran teacher of 
agricultural chemistry at the Michigan Agricultural College, Prof. 
R. C. Kedzie. He graduated at that institution in 1870, took a 
special course at the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale College, and 
became assistant to his father at Lansing, Micti., vmtil his call to 
Manhattan in 1878. Coming to the Agricultural College of Kan- 
sas at the time of its reorganization, he lent valuable assistance in 
shaping the course of instruction and giving the branches of chem- 
istry, mineralogy, geology, and meteorology the prominent posi- 
tion which they deserve in the curriculum of such an institution. 
While here he wrote a small text-book, "The Geology of Kansas." 
In 1878 he accepted a call to (3berlin College, Ohio, and died in 
1880, in the prime of his life. 

Prof. M. L. Ward was brought up on a farm without early op- 
portunities in school, but graduated from Hamilton College, N. Y., 
and afterward was ordained to the ministry in the Baptist church. 
For some years he, with the assistance of Mrs. Ward, maintained 
a successful private school at Ottawa, Kansas, and from that was 
called, in 1878, to the chair of mathematics in this College. In this 
position, with many fluctuations of duties, he did faithful, energetic 
work for ten years, and often helped to hold together conflicting 
forces in the faculty by combining earnest regard for the practical 
side of the new plans with an abiding faith in m.ental discipline as 
the foundation of all true education. It was not strange that he 
was made acting president during President Anderson's cam])aign 
for Congressman, or that after leaving this College in 1888, he 
should be called to the Presidency of Ottawa University, where he 
still remains as a member of the faculty. 

FROM 1873 TO 1878. 
Of permanent improvements during Mr. Anderson's presidency, 
may be enumerated the building, in 1875, of Mechanics' Hall, and in 



HISTORY. 29 



the year following of Horticultural Hall and the Chemical Labora- 
tory — the last after sketches by Prof. William K. Kedzie, who, at his 
own expense, had visited Central Europe and the East to study the 
arrangement andf urnishing of chemical workshops. In 1877 the main 
part of the present barn was constructed after directions by Prof. 
E. M. Shelton. The corner stone of the north wing of the Main 
College Hall was laid in 1878, and this part of the building com- 
pleted in February, 1879. 

In the summer of 1878, President Anderson was urged by leading 
Republicans of the (then) First Congressional District to become the 
candidate of the party for United States Representative. He 
accepted the honor, feeling that the work at the College requiring 
his peculiar bent of character, and which, perhaps, but few could 
have performed, was done. The institution was safe from reaction 
with regard to its course of study, secure from absorption by the 
State University, and past the threatening spectre of financial ruin. 
It had no name as yet among the institutions of learning of the land; 
its attendance was small, its library insignificant, and its apparatus 
lacked much that was absolutely necessary; but it had found its 
distinct sphere of usefulness. The debt, which in 1873 had amounted 
to over 142,000, was reduced to $18,000 endowment and 16,000 
current expense fund. The productive endowment had grown to 
about $240,000, and the annual income amounted to nearly $20,000. 
Yet his election to Congress in November, 1878, and consequent 
resignation in August, placed the Board in a perplexing situation. 
It seemed almost impossible to find a man whose previous work and 
training would furnish a guarantee for success. There were plenty of 
candidates, indeed it seemed as if every defunct county superintend- 
ent or worn out preacher in the State believed himself exactly the 
man to pilot the newly-rigged vessel 

"Through squalls and storms, 
O'er rocks and riffs." 

But no agreement could be reached until the following Sep- 
tember, when a member of the faculty suggested his former teacher, 
Prof. Geo. T. Fairchild, of Michigan Aofricultural Collecre, as a suit- 
able man. Professor Fairchild was "called," came to Manhattan to 
make a personal examination of the condition of the College, and 
accepted the responsible position. 



30 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

IN 1878 AND 1879. 

Before entering upon a discussion of President Fairchild's aims 
and efforts, it seems proper to say a few words of the history of the 
period intervening between his election and the resignation of Pres- 
ident Anderson. 

From February to December, 1879, and to some extent from the 
time of Anderson's nomination for U. S. Representative, the execu- 
tive work of the College was faithfully performed by the acting 
president, Prof. M. L. Ward, but the result of long delay in elect- 
ing a president had begun to exhibit itself in many directions, the 
more so because changes had been made in two of the chairs during 
the suiTimer. The faculty were underpaid and overworked. The 
Legislature of 1877 had decreed "that not over $15,000 of the 
interest on the endowment fund shall be used to pay instructors or 
teachers in said College, until the debts of said College be paid in 
full, and until said College shall refund to the State all moneys 
advanced by the State to pay for instructors and running expenses 
of said College." In accordance with this " ukase," the salaries of 
the majority of the members of the faculty had been reduced, in 
some cases as much as four hundred dollars, while the work was 
constantly increasing in all directions. In his Department Report 
for '78-79, Prof. Ward said: "In the discharge of my duties as a 
Professor, I will simply say that I have done as best I could under 
the circumstances," and a prominent friend of the institution wrote: 
"It was a year of drudgery and heroic devotion to the cause and to 
the College for which the acting president and his collaborators 
received neither proper credit on the part of a wrangling Board, 
nor proper pay on the part of a rich State," 

PRESIDENT FAIRCHILD. 
President George Thompson Fairchild, A. M., was born in 
Brownhelm, Lorain county, Ohio, October 6th, 1838. His father 
was a farmer and teacher. There were four sons and four daughters, 
of whom George T. was the youngest. He was educated at Oberlin 
College, graduated in the classical course in 1862, and in the De- 
partment of Theology in 1865, and though never a pastor, was after- 
wards ordained to the ministry of the Congregational church. In 
the same year he was elected instructor in the Michigan Agricul- 



HISTORY. 81 



tural Colleo-e, and the next year was made Professor of English 
Literature, which chair he filled until his call to the presidency of 
the Kansas State Aoricultural College, where he entered upon his 
work December 1st, 1879. President Fairchild is a prominent mem- 
ber of the National Educational Association, and has contributed 
several valuable papers to the published proceedings of that body. 
At the session at Saratoga, N. Y., in 1885, he was made a member 
of the National Council of Education and appointed to the Com- 
mittee of Technological Education. At the meeting in Chicago, in 
1887, he was made president of the Industrial Section, and in the 
following year, at San Francisco, he was re-elected to the same posi- 
tion. In 1886, the faculty of the Kansas State Agricultural Col- 
lege, in order to show him their appreciation of his work and to give 
him a fitting token of their esteem, presented him with a life direc- 
torship in the National Educational Association. In the American 
Association of Agricultural Colleges he has twice held the office of 
vice president and his services on important committees have had 
their directing effect upon that organization. One of his brothers, 
James H. Fairchild, was for many years president of Oberlin Col- 
lege, and another brother, E. H. Fairchild, president of Berea Col- 
lege, Kentucky. 

President Fairchild's views, with regard to the " new educa- 
tion," were not as radical as those of Anderson had been. With 
President Anderson the Agricultural College had been largely a 
station for pedagogical experiments conducted with the view of 
producing convincing proofs of his theories on the value of manual 
trainingr. With President Fairchild the Colleg-e became a model 
school for the education of young men and women who were to go 
back to the farm or workshop, not only to perform manual labor, 
but to live complete lives and to develop and honor their calling. 
In an article on " Our Agricultural Colleges," written for the Chi- 
cago Farmers' Heview^ and subsequently published by the Michi- 
gan State Board of Agriculture in their annual report. President 
Fairchild, then professor at the Michigan State Agricultural Colj 
lege, presented his ideal in such a characteristic manner that there 
could be no doubt in the minds of those who called him to Kansas 
as to his aims and methods. Other articles and papers published 
during the last dozen years, and especially one on " Agricultural 



32 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

Schools: Their Aims, Objects, Methods and Equipments," read be- 
fore the council of the National Educational Association in 1888, 
show that his subsequent experience as the head of the Kansas in- 
stitution but corroborated the views of the teacher in the Michitran 
college. The following- is a synopsis of the Review article: 

THE IDEAL. 

"In a brief notice of what our agricultural colleges ought to be, 
it may properly be assumed that they ought to be, first, what the 
name college implies everywhere now — places for the education of 
the young. Whatever service they may render in affording models 
for farming for the public, or in searching for new facts, principles 
or applications in agriculture must be secondary. The education 
which they furnish must be agricultural, in quickening and deepen- 
ing a young man's regard for a farmer's life, while in every way 
making him more capable in such a life. Learning and labor are 
to meet in a more profitable life upon the soil. With this under- 
standing, it may be well to consider more specifically 

THE AIMS. 

"Of these there are two classes, closely united: to develop the 
man in the farmer, and to develop farming through the man engaged 
in it. The first is to be sought in discipline, the genuine education 
of the youth. True scientific principles, which underlie all knowl- 
edge, are to be taught and enforced by a thorough drill in observa- 
tion. The eyes must see and the hands handle the very elements 
of nature, in order to gain proper ideas of nature's use. There 
must be a definite training to think accurately and connectedly, and 
intensely if need be. Thinking has made the world's discoveries 
and inventions, and it will always be the means of progress in any 
calling. Thinking to a purpose will always distinguish the able 
man and the efficient work, and our College will have missed its 
aim if it fails to furnish thorough training to think. Added to this 
must be the formation of habits of ready action to a purpose. The 
thinking and doing are so closely united in farming that no one can 
neglect training in both. Often the only expression of the thought 
is the act that turns soil and seed, sunshine and shower, into produce. 
The College must aim at such a combination of thought and action 



EI8T0RT. 38 

in its routine of drill for developing the best men for the work of 
making farming better. 

"The second is to be sought through information. While this 
always accompanies discipline and directs the application of ability, 
it differs from that just as the instruction of a child how to drive a 
nail differs from the training which enables him to do it successfully. 
The College must gather and impart the best of instructions in the 
art of tilling the soil. It must gather from the history of this art, 
and from the failures and successes of practice and experiment, 
constantly, such facts as will make the strongest impression. By 
such means it aims to give higher ideals and stronger ambition to 
do excellent work. It stimulates discussion and comparison of ex- 
periences, and encourages thoughtful consideration of future pros- 
pects. It aims to be a center of information for a farming community 
through its instruction to learners. So far as is compatible with 
thorough discipline and accurate information, it aims to be a leader 
in further improvement of practice by new devices, but consciously 
preserves the difference between knowledge and supposition, fact 
and theory. Such aims suggest 

THE METHODS. 

" Most prominent must stand a thorough course of study, long 
enough to establish principles and habits, severe enough to develop 
strength of mind, and so associated with agriculture as to cultivate 
enthusiasm for it. In this there must be systematic instruction by 
most approved methods in the sciences, training to logical inves- 
tigation of facts and principles, history and general knowledge of 
civilization enough to kindle inquiry, and technical training enough 
to give a general ability. 

" This involves a drill in manual labor that shall make the hands 
ready and the eyes quick. That dexterity which comes from long 
practice in one routine is not desirable at this stage of education, if 
it were practicable ; but a readiness to turn the hand to account in 
various directions is to be provided for by regular duty in real work, 
where pay and reputation and responsibility are thought of, and 
business rules apply, while a zest is given by connection with study 
and thought under competent oversight. These methods would 
bear a lengthy study, but we must hasten to connect with them 



34 COLLEGE SYMPOSLUM. 

THE MEANS. 

"Amoiiiy these we may place first a permanent endowment suffi- 
cient to ensure the steady protrress of the College through several 
generations. It should not be subject to the fluctuations of whims 
from parties or people, but should be an investment for ])Osterity. 
'Art is loner ' and the work of education for the art of ao-riculture 
must be permanent, in order to be reached by all. 

"Ample equipment of buildings, furniture, and apparatus, farm 
and tools is of course necessarv. It must even be more ample than 
in most colleges. Science, to be made practical, must be learned 
with laboratory practice ; technical instruction is worthless without 
abundant illustration and exercise ; and working habits can be 
formed only by handling the tools. 

"A competent faculty must handle this machinery. The drill 
of such a college calls for greater ingenuity, if not for more general 
culture, on the part of the faculty, than most college courses. 
This is not mere teaching, but teaching adjusted to a specific want 
in life. It calls for a practical energy in addition to sound doc- 
trine, for it deals less with authorities than with facts. New appli- 
cations must keep them fresh in the life of toil which they are to 
elevate. The best in the land are none too good to hold the pro- 
fessorships in such a college ; and should be found and kept if 
possible. 

"Over all should preside an efficient and uniform control. The 
construction of this board should be such as to secure greatest sta- 
bility with activity. Love for the work must inspire the members, 
and provident foresight direct them. The whiffling of popular sen- 
timent for pork or mutton, for Shorthorns or Jerseys, must only 
make their course more steady and true to that line of education 
for farmers' sons which may give taste and ability for an enlight- 
ened and progressive agriculture." 

A PERIOD OF PROGRESS. 

The arrival of President George T. Fairchild gave a new impetus 
to the teaching force. The wish of the faculty and the board, that 
no radical changes be made in the policy, met with his fullest con- 
cordance. Yet his rich experience, the result of similar work at the 
oldest agricultural school of the land, soon bore fruit in the adop- 



HISTORY. 35 



tion of improved methods of instruction and a better adjustment of 
work and existing means. The collegiate year was divided into 
three nearly equal terms, of fourteen, twelve, and eleven weeks re- 
spectively, instead of two unequal terms as before. The course was 
strengthened by rearrangement of studies to logical connection ; by 
systematic plans for connecting practice with theory ; by introduc- 
tion of stronger courses in place of elementary ones ; by more defi- 
nite classification of students, and by adding a term of psychology 
to the work of the fourth, and Enoflish literature and eng-ineerino- to 
the work of the third year, — while the system of industrial training 
was broadened by distinct arrangement in shops, farm and garden, 
kitchen laboratory, dairy and sewing rooms. The preparatory, or 
"B" first-year class, was maintained only for the benefit of students 
from the country over eighteen years old who could not pass the 
entering examination. A scheme of Friday afternoon lectures and 
declamations was inaugurated, and weekly rhetorical exercises 
were added to the work of all classes. Monday afternoon faculty 
meetings for the discussion of ways, means and discipline were or- 
ganized. Standing Committees on Grounds and Buildings, Public 
Exercises, Social and Literary Entertainments, Class Grades, Post- 
Graduate Work, Farmers' Institutes, Museum, Library, etc., were 
appointed, and a more comprehensive system of accounting adopted, 
the Secretary of the Faculty, Mr. 1. D. Graham, being given direct 
responsibility for accounts with all funds and all departments. 

It is not possible within the limited space of this sketch to speak 
at length of the development of the College during the last twelve 
years. Many important phases, events, or reforms must be over- 
looked entirely, while many others of a recent date have not had 
time to produce their intended efEects, and can hardly be considered 
history. 

The number of students has increased every year except three, 
as may be seen from the following schedule: 

Year. Attendance. Year. Attendance. Year. Attendance. 

1878-79 207 1883 84 895 1888-89 445 

1879-80 276 1884-85 401 1889-90 514 

1880-81 267 18S5-86 428 1890-91 590 

1881-83 312 1886-87 481 

1882-83 347 1887-88 472 

The senior classes show a similar increase. In 1880, the class 



36 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

numbered seven; in 1888, twenty-two; in 1889, twenty-five; in 
1890, twenty-seven ; and in 1891, fifty-two. In other words, the 
number of students has increased in eleven years nearly 200 per 
cent, and that of the srraduating class has grown nearly 750 per 
cent. It is safe to state that there is no educational institution in 
the United States, no matter how richly endowed, that can show 
more favorable rate figures with regard to attendance for a period 
of more than ten successive years. 

This phenomenal growth made necessary an increase in the 
teaching force, and this again made possible the assigning of the 
work of instruction to specialists. Among the teachers of special 
sciences who were added to the faculty during this period, and who 
have identified themselves with the peculiar work of the College, 
are: Professors E. A. Popenoe, A. M., who entered upon his work 
as teacher of horticulture and superintendent of orchards and gar- 
dens, in the fall of 1879; W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D,, who was elected 
to the chair of botany in the fall of 1883 ; Nellie S. Kedzie, 
M. Sc, who took charge of the department of household economy 
and hygiene in the fall of 1882; D. E. Lantz, M. Sc, who became 
teacher of mathematics in the fall of 1883; Oscar E. Olin, who was 
called to the chair of Enoflish lano-uao-e and literature in 1886; and 
O. p. Hood, B. Sc, who entered upon his work as superintendent 
of the work shops and teacher of mechanics and engineering in 
1886. Much of the success and crrowth of the Collecre is due to the 
untiring efforts of these men, many of a reputation reaching far 
beyond the limits of the State or even the country. The annual 
reports of the several State and National societies for the advance- 
ment of pure and applied science give witness to the extended work 
carried on in the studies and laboratories of the College, Prof.W. 
A. Kellerman is the author of several publications on his special 
branches, as "Elements of Botany," a text book for schools, treat- 
ing histology, vegetable and economic botany, and organography. 
At the time of its publication, in 1884, a critic in Science said: "It 
comes nearer to filling a serious gap in botanical literature than any 
other thus far published." Also, " Plant Analysis, or Key to the 
Dichotomal Plan for Identifying Plants East of the Mississippi." 
Also, "Analytical Flora of Kansas," and a " Kansas School Botany." 
The greneral use of these works attests their value. The Professor 



HISTORY. 



37 



has also prepared numerous papers in various State Reports, the 
two of special importance to Kansas being "The Kansas Forest 
Trees Identified by Leaves and Fruit "^ — the first w^ork of the kind 
ever published in the United States — and the "Native Grasses of 
Kansas." Prof. Geo. H. Failyer has published a handbook for stu- 
dents of analytical chemistry, and Prof. Edwin A. Popenoe is the 
author of several students' handbooks on entomoloo-y. 




RESIDENCE OF PROFESSOR OF AGRICULTURE. 

IMPROVEMENTS FROM 1879 TO 1889. 

The most important improvement made under President Fair- 
child's administration is the finishintr of the main College building, 
i. e., of its central part, in 1882, of its south wing in 1884, and of 
its chapel addition in 1887. The building was planned by Presi- 
dent Anderson in 1877, and owes its peculiar form of three separate 
wings, or parts, connected by lower corridors to the expected dif- 
ficulty of obtaining a sufficient a])propriation by the Legislature for 
the entire completion in one fiscal period. The plans and superin- 



38 



COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 



tendence were furnished for the principal structure by Architect E. 
T. Carr, of Leavenworth, and for the chapel addition by Prof. J. D. 
Walters. President Fairchild changed the original desig-ns in 
several particulars, notably by adding^ an attic to the central part 
and abasement to the south wing — additions which, without ma- 
terially increasing the cost, improved both the appearance and the 
capacity. The building as it now stands has cost about $70,000. 




PiiESIDENT'S RESIDENCE. 

Of other permanent improvements, may be named the erection, 
in 1885, of the President's residence, ultimately to become the resi- 
dence of the Professor of Horticulture ; the construction of the 
north wing of the barn in 1885, and the addition to this of the pig- 
gery in 1886 ; the rebuilding of Armory Hall in the same year ; the 
placing in Mechanics' Hall of a steam engine and a number of fine 
wood- working machines in 1885-87 ; the building of the green- 
house in 3888; of the horticultural laboratory in 1888, and of the 
horticultural barn in 1889. The plans and superintendence for 
these buildings were furnislied by l*rof. J. 1). Walters. In 1883 
and 1884, the main roads of the farm were gravelled, and in the 



niSTOBT. 



39 



spring of 1885 the grounds were platted for planting and future 
improvement in road building by a professional landscape gardener, 
Max. Kern, of St. Louis. In the same year a tract of forty-four 
acres of land was added to the farm by purchase, sixteen acres hav- 
ing been added some years previous. In the spring of 1891 an- 
other small tract of about four acres was boug-ht. The Colleofe 
now possesses in two farms a total of 319 acres. 

In 1888, the city of Manhattan built a very complete system of 
waterworks, with a pumping station near Blue River, and a capacious 




MECHANICS' HALL. 



double reservoir on top of Bluemont, a neighboring hill several feet 
higher than the tower of the main building of the College. In the 
following winter the Legislature appropriated 13,000 for an exten- 
sion of the pipe line upon the College campus, and about the 4th of 
July, 1889, the buildings, greenhouses and lawns were supplied 
with an abundance of pure water — a considerable factor in the 
economy of the scientific and agricultural departments, and a safe- 
guard, in case of fire, for the buildings and other property, much of 
which could not be easily replaced. Another appropriation of 
$3,000, made last winter for a further extension of the water service 



40 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

and for a system of sewers, will provide the College with a most 
complete water and drainage system. 

APPARATUS AND LIBRARY. 

Carefully-made purchases of scientific apparatus, and untiring 
efforts in gathering natural history specimens, have gradually pro- 
vided the different departments with equipments valued altogether 
at more than $100,000. Much credit for this is due to individual 
effort of the professors. The rapidly growing collections from the 
fields of zoology, botany, entomology, mineralogy and geology 
have cost the College almost nothing. Not even the Board of 
Regents, perhaps, are aware of the esprit du C077J5 existing among 
the faculty with regard to this and other matters. The greatest 
need of a school of pure and applied science is, however, a large 
and well selected lil)rary, and the establishment of this requires 
time and funds. 

The library of the Kansas State Agricultural College is almost 
wholly the growth of the last twelve years. It was moved to its 
present quarters in the northeast wing of the main building from the 
northwest room of the old Bluemont College building, in 1878, by 
acting President M. L.Ward, who was the librarian from 1875 until 
1888. It consisted, at that time, of less than 1,250 valuable and well 
preserved books; the remainder, some 800 volumes, were either 
entirel}^ worn out or they were works of almost no use or value — 
old Greek and Latin dictionaries and commentaries, religious mono- 
graphs, sermons, old and poorly printed fiction, government reports, 
etc. — a state of things not to be wondered at, when it is remembered 
that the greater part of the growth consisted of donations, solicited 
in the eastern states by President Joseph Denison and Agent I. T. 
Goodnow, and that during Anderson's presidency neither funds nor 
space were available for this purpose. Since then, however, there 
was rapid growth. Acting librarian, Prof. W. H. Cowles, reported 
the number of books on the shelves, June 30, 1884, at 5,740 
bound volumes, 1,300 pamphlets, and several hundred duplicates. 
A card catalogue of topics was commenced by Prof. Cowles, and 
completed to date, in 1885, by acting librarian Prof. B. F. Nihart. 

Prof. D. G. Lantz, the present librarian, took charge of the li- 
brary in September, 1880. His first report catalogues 6,572 bound 



HI8T0RT. 41 



volumes, 2,350 pamphlets, and 360 duplicates, valued in the aggre- 
gate at $10,358.51; and his report for 1887-88 shows 7,453 bound 
volumes, 2,490 pamphlets, and 352 duplicate volumes, with a total 
valuation of $12,172.04. One of the main endeavors of the faculty 
and librarian, has been to complete the sets of Government and 
State reports pertaining to agriculture, horticulture, finance and 
education, and hundreds of letters were written to Government 
officers in all parts of the country, soliciting such volumes. Sets of 
leading scientific and literary magazines were also completed by 
picking up missing numbers or volumes wherever there was a chance. 
The total of all State appropriations received for the library, up to 
date, is $6,000. 

At the close of the last fiscal year the library numbered 9,749 
bound volumes, 349 duplicate volumes and 3,126 pamphlets — a 
total of 13,224. Purchases and donations during the present year 
have increased the total number to about 15,000. For these the 
inventory gives an estimated value of about $20,000, but as a large 
number of books of great value to special students are out of print, 
the value to the College is much above these figures, and can really 
not be expressed in dollars and cents. 

The library is in constant use by the students and the members 
of the faculty. The report of the librarian for the school year 
1888-89 gives the total number of books drawn for home reading 
by students at 6,777, and the total number for the school year 
1889-90 at 7,898 — an average of over fifteen books per student. 
This does not include the books and magazines read in the 
library or reading room, nor does it include the current numbers of 
periodicals of any kind, since these cannot be taken from the read- 
ing room. It is greatly deplored by the friends of the College that 
the State Legislature of 1891 has not been able to find means to 
appropriate more than $250 annually for the next two fiscal periods 
for this purpose. A student of science without books is like a mill 
without water, or a stove without fuel. The great need of this 
College at this stage of growth is undoubtedly in the enlargement 
of its library facilities — it is more books and maps, and a new 
library building. 



42 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 



EXPERIMENTS AND THE EXPERIMENT STATION. 

If there is any section of the country that needs, more than any 
other, the painstaking assistance of the scientific agriculturist and 
experimenter, it is the prairie and mountain region of the West, 
where a climate unlike that of the older part of the United States 
and the civilized countries of Europe, make the selection of new crop 
plants and the adoption of new methods of tilling and husbanding 
an imperative necessity. It is natural that this necessity should 
have presented itself with great force to the managers of an institu- 
tion founded for the purpose of educating the youth of the State for 
the vocation of the farmer. Experimental work in a small way, es- 
pecially in the important field of forest planting, was cominenced as 
early as 1868, and was continued, as far as the limited means permit- 
ted, by Prof, E. Gale, who for many years was the president of the 
State Horticultural Society. In 1874 Prof. Shelton commenced a 
series of very valuable experiments in the cultivation of tame grasses, 
continuing his observations of varieties and species under different 
forms of treatment up to this date. Later on, experiments were 
made in sub-soiling, listing, feeding, etc., and the results were pub- 
lished in the Industrialist and in freely distributed annual reports. 
Prof. Popenoe, following his predecessors in the work of horticul- 
ture, made a series of experiments in arboriculture, grape-growing, 
and vegetable gardening. This work was carried on chiefly at the 
expense of the College, though during the last dozen years the 
Legislature grudgingly assisted with a few paltry appropriations. In 
1888, however, the work gained a new phase by the assistance of 
the General Government. 

The passage by Congress of the "Hatch Bill" in March, 1887, 
provided for the organization in each State of a station for experi- 
ments in lines promotive of agriculture. The Legislature at once 
designated this College as the proper place for the station, and 
measures were taken for such work. It was found, however, that 
no appropriation had been made for carrying out the provisions of 
the bill, and accordingly little could be done until February, 1888, 
at which time the appropriation was made. This placed 115,000 in 
the hands of the Board of Regents for use during the year ending 
June 30th, 1888, and an equal sum for the year following. The or- 
ganization of the Experiment Station was at once completed, and 



HISTORY. 43 



the work was begun. The general executive management of the 
station was placed under the control of a council, consisting of the 
President, the Professors of Agriculture, Horticulture and Ento- 
mology, Chemistry, Botany, and Veterinary Science. The Presi- 
dent was made ex officio chairman of the council, and Prof. E. M. 
Shelton director of the station. The organic act permitted the use 
of one-fifth of the appropriation the first year for building purposes. 
From this source the Experimental Laboratory, with about 2,400 
square feet of propagating pits was constructed. The station is 
now well equipped with men and apparatus, and ranks among the 
most efficient in the country. 

Upon the resignation of Prof. E. M. Shelton in January, 1890, 
the office of director was discontinued and the clerical duties here- 
tofore connected with that office given to the assistant secretary of 
the Board of Regents. The experimenting force of the station con- 
sists at present of five professors and five assistants. Since its organ- 
ization there have been issued sixteen quarterly bulletins and two 
annual reports, the former containing current matter of general in- 
terest to farmers, horticulturists and stockmen, while the latter in- 
clude full data of all completed experiments, with brief references 
to those still in progress. All bulletins and reports are distributed 
free to those who apply for them. 

A POLITICAL INCIDENT. 
Of incidents of a "political" character which had been frequent 
during the early history of the College, very little can be reported 
for the last ten years. The sessions of the State Legislature have 
had no influence upon its course of study or the quality of its work, 
and changes in the composition of the Board have hardly caused a 
ripple. Every new regent becomes impressed at once with the 
superior management of the whole institution. The only incident of 
any note is perhaps the enforced resignation of Professors M. L. 
Ward and J. E. Piatt soon after the inauguration of a new Board 
of Regents appointed by Governor Glick in 1883. Prof. Ward had 
held the Chair of Mathematics for ten years, and Prof. Piatt had 
taught in the College for nearly twenty years. The action of the 
regents was construed as partisan by students and graduates, and 
for several weeks the political press of the State was ablaze with 



44 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

editorials in denunciation or defense of the act. It is safe to esti- 
mate the quantity of "bull and bear" editorial with regard to this 
incident at two hundred newspaper columns. 

DEGREES. 

Before 1880 the College had not had occasion to give the sec- 
ond degree in course and the conditions under which this academic 
honor could be obtained, or post-graduate work leading in this di- 
rection could be done, had not been formulated and publicly stated. 
In that year the faculty adopted a code of rules and published it 
in the catalogue. Of the two hundred and thirty-two students, 
seventy-three of whom were young women, who graduated up to 
1888, thirty-eight have pursued post-graduate studies under the 
adopted scheme, and twenty-six have been given the second degree. 
After undergoing several slight changes, the regulations for post- 
graduate work and degrees have crystalized into the following: 

Arrangements can be made for advanced study in the several 
departments at any time. Special opportunity for investigation and 
research is offered at all times to resident graduates in Agricul- 
ture and Agricultural Chemistry, Physics and Chemistry, Horti- 
culture and Botany, Zoology and Entomology, Mathematics, 
Eno-ineerinor, and Drafting. Every facility for advancement in the 
several arts taught at the College is given such students, though 
they are not required to pursue industrial training while in such 
courses. 

The degree of Bachelor of Science is conferred upon students 
who com])lete the full course of four years and sustain all the ex- 
aminations. 

The degree of Master of Science is conferred in course upon 
graduates who comply with the following conditions: 

1. Each candidate must furnish evidence satisfactory to the 
faculty of proficiency in at least one of each of the groups of arts 
and sciences here named: 

Arts. Sciences. 

Agriculture, Botany, 

Horticulture, Chemistry, 

Engineering, Zoulogy, 

Architecture and Designing, Entomology, 

Domestic Economy. Physics. 



HISTORY. 45 

2. Each candidate must present for consideration by the faculty 
a satisfactory thesis, involving original researches in line with one 
or the other of the courses pursued as above, and must deposit a per- 
fect autograph copy in the college library. 

3. Application to the faculty for sanction of the lines of study 
and research selected must be made as early as the first day of No- 
vember, and the subject of the thesis must be settled upon as soon 
as the first day of January preceding the commencement at which 
the degree is expected. 

4. Candidates must be from graduates of three or more years' 
standing, unless a post-graduate course of one year or more has been 
pursued at this College, in which case the second degree may be 
conferred two years after graduation. 

Outlines of direction for study and research in various arts and 
sciences, with special adaptation to the wants and opportunities of 
individual applicants are furnished, at request, to all graduates; 
and professors in charge aid by correspondence in any researches 
undertaken. 

The degree of Master of Science may be conferred upon the 
graduates of other collegfes of like sfrade, and havinor similar obiects 
with our own, on the following conditions: 

1. The applicant for the Master's degree must be a graduate of 
at least three years' standing, and a resident of Kansas. 

2. His post-graduate study must have been in line with that 
required of graduates of this College, as published in our cata- 
logue. 

3. He must make application for the degree on or before the first 
day of January preceding the granting of the same. The applica- 
tion must be accompanied with a statement of his course of study, 
the work upon which the claim for the degree is based, and the sub- 
ject selected for his thesis. 

4. By April 1st, an abstract of the thesis must be submitted to 
the faculty. 

5. Before May 15th, the applicant shall present himself for ex- 
amination. The examination shall be thorough and extensive, and 
shall be conducted by a special committee of the faculty. 



46 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

OBJECTS. 

This College now accomplishes the objects of its endowment in 
several ways. 

First, it gives a substantial education to men and women. Such 
general information and discipline of mind and character as help to 
make intelligent and useful citizens are offered in all its depart- 
ments, while the students are kept in sympathy with the callino-s of 
the people. Entomology and mechanics are made prominent means 
of education to quick observation and accurate judgment. Careful 
study of the minerals, plants and animals themselves illustrates 
and fixes the daily lessons. At the same time, lessons in acrriculture 
horticulture, and household economy, show the application of science ; 
and all are enforced by actual experiment. 

Third, it trains in the elements of the arts themselves, and im- 
parts such skill as to make the hands ready instruments of thought- 
ful brains. The drill of the shops, gardens, farm and household 
departments is made a part of a general education to usefulness, 
and insures a means of living to all who make good use of it. At 
the same time, it preserves hal^its of industry and manual exertion, 
and cultivates a taste for rural and domestic pursuits. 

Fourth, it strives to increase our experimental knowledge of 
agriculture and horticulture. The provision for extensive and ac- 
curate researches made by establishing the Experiment Station as a , 
distinct department of the College, offers assurance of more definite 
results than can be obtained by ordinary methods. 

Fifth, it seeks to extend the influence of knowledge of practical 
affairs beyond the College itself. For this purpose it publishes the 
weekly Industrialist. Its officers also share in the debates and 
consultations of farmers and horticidturists throughout the State. 
Each winter a series of ten Farmers' Institutes is held in as many 
different counties of the State. In these the Faculty share with the 
people in lectures, essays and discussions upon topics of most in- 
terest to farmers. 

THE BOARD AND THE FACULTY. 
The frovernment of the College rests with a Board of Reo-ents, 
composed of seven persons, of whom one, the president of the fac- 
ulty, is ex-officio, and the remaining six are members by appointment 



HISTORY. 47 



by the Governor, with advice and consent of the Senate. The term of 
office is three years. The Board have "full and complete power to 
ado])t and enforce all necessary rules and regulations recjuired under 
the law. They make all appointments of officers, principals, teachers, 
and employes which may be required for the practical and econom- 
ical management" of the institution. 

The Faculty of Instruction is composed of eighteen professors 
and instructors, two of whom are women, aided by twenty-one as- 
sistants and foremen. Two of the professors and seven of the 
assistants are PTaduates of the institution. 



HISTORICAL REMINISCENCES. 



The stone fence about the upper farm was built in 1869. 

The first Y. M. C A. organization at the College was organized 
in February, 1872. 

The college bell was donated to the institution, in 1804, by 
Joseph Ingalls, of Swampscott, Massachusetts, on the solicitation 
of Hon. Isaac T. Goodnow. 

The Kansas State Ao-ricultural Colleo-e is the third institution of 
higher learning established in the State. St. Marys College claims 
to be the first, and Baker University the second. 

There is not much danger of pupils receiving too much knowl- 
edge of God, truth and man, but godliness is vastly different from 
sectarian proselytism. — John A. Anderson. 

The usual price for board in the Boarding Hall, during the first 
seven years, was -^4 per week, with an additional charge of $5 per 
term for fuel and light. By putting two students together, the Hall 
was capable of accommodating sixty. In 1872, when Col. F. Camp- 
bell resigned the stewardship, and Capt. A. Todd was elected, the 
price for board was reduced to $8.50, and two years later to 12. oO 
per week. 

The rules of conduct as published in the catalogue of 1866-67 
contained fourteen different paragraphs. President Anderson 
boiled them down to one; behave or leave. 



48 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

The Kansas State Agricultural College was one of the few edu- 
cational institutions selected by the Interior Department to repre- 
sent American education at the Exposition Universelle at Paris in 
1889. 

Three of the specialists of the newly organized Department of 
Agriculture at Washington, D. C, are graduates of the Kansas 
State Agricultural College, while another received special training 
here as a post-graduate. 

The commencement address of 1875, by Noble L. Prentiss, 
"The World a School," has seen four different pamphlet and book 
editions. Some day when Kansas shall get ready to print its own 
school books "The World a School" will be given a place of honor 
in the High School Reader. 

The first scientific organization at the Kansas State Agricul- 
tural College was "The Amateurs of Science." It was in existence 
in 1872, and met regularly once a week until the spring of 1878. 
Candidates for admission had to pass a written examination in three 
branches of natural science. Prof. B. F. Mudge was the president 
and Miss Lizzie T. Williams the secretary. 

" Undue social attentions will not be allowed," is the way the 
early catalogues put it. It could have been a little plainer yet. 

The first good microscope that came into the possession of the 
College was ordered from Germany in 1872 by Prof. H. T. Detmers, 
D. V. S. It had three oculars and four lenses magnifying eleven 
hundred diameters. 

In the summer of 1867 there were sixteen acres of the college 
farm under the plow and twenty-four more being broken. 

The first locomotive passed over the bridge of the Blue, at Man- 
hattan, in the summer of 1866. 

The first college catalogue, 1863-64, was printed by .1. H. Pills- 
bury, of Manhattan, and edited by Prof. .1. G. Schnebly. 

Fifteen of the students of the Kansas State Agricultural Col- 
lege served in the United States army during the War of the Re- 
bellion, and three of these died in the service. 

The discovery of the inexhaustible salt beds of Kansas was antici- 
pated by Prof. B. F. Mudge in several of his scientific articles, but 
the college catalogue of 1864-65 antedates the Professor's predic- 
tions, 



HISTORY. 49 

Many elderly gentlemen sufficiently know, and more young 
gentlemen will duly discover, that systematic knowledge of how 
cooking ought to be done is luminously different from the ability to 
do it. — Pkes. John A. Anderson. 

The catalogue of 1870-71 promised those who should complete 
in a satisfactory manner the course in agriculture, the degree of 
Bachelor of Agriculture, but for some reason or other the degree 
has never been conferred. 

The stonework of the old Bluemont college building was done 
by John Soupine ; that of the north and south wing of the main 
building, the laboratory, the horticultural hall, the mechanics hall, 
the president's residence and the north wing of the barn was done 
by Jacob Winne; that of the central part of the main building by 
the Ulrich Bros, ; that of the piggery, the horticultural laboratory 
and the horticultural barn by Chas. Spongberg, and that of the 
south wing of the barn by William Allingham — all five of Man- 
hattan. 

The first telephone exhibited in Kansas was the property of 
Prof. Wm. K. Kedzie. It was constructed by the mechanical 
department after his directions. In the summer of 1877, the Pro- 
fessor gave illustrated lectures on " the telephone and its construc- 
tion and history" in a large number of Kansas towns. Supt. W. 
C. Stewart of the telegraph department accompanied him as manipu- 
lator and Prof. Walters furnished the cornet solos over the telegraph 
wires from the telegraphy class room in the mechanical building. 

It is just as feasible to give practice in cooking, with pleasure 
and profit to the pupil, as it is to give laboratory practice in chem- 
istry; and not more expensive. The work will chiefly differ from 
that of a kitchen, in the fact that, after a girl has learned to wash 
dishes or pare potatoes, she will not be kept everlastingly at either. 
— President Anderson. 

In 1865 the value of the land endowment was estimated to be 
worth $400,000; but in 1867 it was put at 1500,000, almost exactly 
the amount realized twenty years later. 

In the summer of 1869 forty acres of the college farm were 
under cultivation. Forest trees for a wind-break and about four 
hundred fruit trees had been set out; also three hundred currant 
plants, one hundred gooseberries, five hundred grape vines, ten 



50 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

varieties of roses, and a wreat numl)er of flowerintr shrubs and orna- 
mental trees. 

The recent arrangement by which the students were permitted 
to share in the editorial work of the Industrialist.^ calls to mind that 
in 1875-77 the students of the College had a paper of their own. 
The name was JVews^ and its editor Irving Todd. Chivalry does 
not permit the criticism of a dead gladiator. 

The Alumni Association of the Collep-e at their commencement 
meeting, June 23, 1874, presented ex-President Dr. Joseph Deni- 
son with a silver ice pitcher, salver, goblet and bowl, as a token of 
esteem by his former pupils. The presentation speeches were made 
by Chas. O. Whedon, '71, and S. W. Williston, '72. 

A prominent feature of the commencement exercises of 1880, 
consisted in a public plowing match by the class in agriculture. The 
match took place on the ground southeast of the main college 
building. 

The first farmer's institute, under the auspices of the Faculty of 
the Kansas State Agricultural College, was held in Manhattan, Janu- 
ary 2d to 10th, 1872. 

The first item of the faculty records, as preserved in the vaults 
of the College, is dated February 19, 1866, and contains the reso- 
lutions passed by the Faculty in regard to the death of Prof. N. O. 
Preston. The Professor died of apoplexy in his class room, just be- 
fore organizing his class in mathematics. 

J. D. W. 



HISTORY OF UEPARTMENTS. 51 



HISTORY OF DEPARTMENTS. 



DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY. 
The studies of logic, mental and moral philosophy, and political 
economy were naturally included in the classical course with which 
the College opened in 1863, being taught by Pres. Denison until 
1878, and by his successor, Pres. Anderson, until the reduction of 
the course in 1874, when the mental and moral science was dropped. 
In 1880 the present arrangement of studies in the course was adopt- 
ed, making room for a term devoted to the study of human nature, 
a term in logic, a term in political economy, and a term in consti- 
tutional law. Pres. Fairchild had for many years taught political 
economy and moral science in the Michigan Agricultural College, 
and at once undertook the work in this department. The plan em- 
braced text books in logic and mental philosophy, courses of lec- 
tures in practical ethics and in political economy, and Cooley's 
Principles of Constitutional Law. As the presidential duties in- 
creased, the constitutional law was first given temporarily to Prof. 
E. M. Shelton, and three years since associated with the chair of 
history. The political economy is now about to follow the same 
course. 

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY. 

In the summer of 1873, the chair of chemistry and physics was 
established, and Prof. Wm. K. Kedzie was called to the place. 
Previous to this time, provision was made for teaching these branches 
by those whose principal work lay in other fields. Prof. Kedzie 
brought both energy and skill to its organization and equipment, 
and it took prominent rank among the departments of the College 
from the start. The work in the department was about equally 
divided between the two sections, chemistry and physics. From 
the beginning, the value, in a course of studv, of handling the things 
about which one studies, was fully realized. The Chemical Labora- 
tory was, therefore, equipped with the simpler apparatus to be used 
by students in their chemical practice or experimental work, as well 
as with some more expensive kinds for advanced work. 



52 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

With the removal, in 1875, of the College from the old quarters 
on the "hill" to the present location, and with the increase in the 
number of students, the need of a chemical building led to the 
erection of the present Chemical Laboratory in 1870. Its erection 
greatly increased the facilities for work. At first only a portion of 
the space in the building was utilized, but the increase in numbers 
and in the work in the department called continually for additional 
room, until now every room is fully occupied, and the crowded con- 
dition of the laboratory has, for the first time in its history, caused 
inconvenience. Of course this extension in working space con- 
tinually called for additional outlays in apparatus, and in the more 
recent years, full equipment for advanced work has been added. 

In 1878 Prof. Kedzie resigned, and Prof. G. H. Failyer, '77, 
was elected to fill the vacancy. In 1885, the department was 
divided, physics and meteorology being transferred to another de- 
partment. Chemistry and mineralogy were left in the old quarters 
and this became the name of the chair, which was retained by Prof. 
Failyer. Previous to 1883, there had been several student assist- 
ants, but no assistant proper. In this year, J. T. Willard, '83, was 
elected as assistant in chemistry, and retained the position until 1887. 
He was succeeded by C. M. Breese, '87, who still holds the place. 

With the establishment of the Experiment Station in connection 
with the College, in 1888, the Chemical Department of the College 
became also the Chemical Department of the Station, and J. T. 
Willard was chosen assistant chemist of the Station. He is still in 
this position. 

The college catalogue of 1864-5 has this to say in enumeration 
of the apparatus owned by the College : "A large air pump, a first 
class electrical machine, one spirit lamp, two dozen test tubes and 
stand, two wide-mouthed, stoppered glass jars, two tall, plain, cylin- 
drical jars, a gas-bag provided with stop cock and bubble-pipe, a 
set of small porcelain basins, crlass tubino- and small o-lass rods for 
stirrers, two small glass funnels, a mortar and pestle, platinum foil 
and wire, a set of cork borers, a steel spatula, a set of earthen cruci- 
bles, a pair of gasometers for oxygen and hydrogen." These were 
worth less than 1150. In 1890, the inventory of the Chemical De- 
partment proper shows a total of 16,000, exclusive of mineral col- 
lections and cases, valued at 12,700. These items give some 



54 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

indication of the growth of the department and its importance in 
the general work of the College. It has always been directly con- 
nected with the instruction in agriculture through a course in agri- 
cultural chemistry, and direct experiments in the chemistry of soils, 
products and growth, and is now doing special work for broadening 
the opportunities for farming. 

DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE. 

The department of Horticulture was first established in 1870, 
and placed in charge of Prof. E. Gale, a practical horticulturist, 
who had an extensive plantation of apples and small fruits, in con- 
nection with a fine nursery, on the northeast forty acres of what is 
now the colleo-e farm. During his administration, the work of the 
department was mostly in the line of the growing of nursery stock, 
although considerable attention was paid to a systematic and ar- 
tistic arrangement of the grounds. 

Prof. Gale resigned in 1878, on account of protracted sickness, 
and was succeeded by H. E. Van Deman, also a practical horticul- 
turist. At the end of a year. Prof. Van Deman was obliged to give 
up the work to attend to his private orchards. He was afterwards 
made the Chief of the Pomological Division of the Department of 
Agriculture at Washington, which position he still holds. 

In 1879, Edwin A. Popenoe, of Topeka, was elected to this chair, 
which he still fills. Under his able management, the work has been 
systematized, extensive plantations of both fruit and forest trees 
have been made, and elaborate plans for the improvement and or- 
namentation of the college grounds have been executed so far as 
practicable. 

In the early days of the College this department included, at 
various times and in various combinations, the branches of botany, 
zoology and entomology, but at present it merely includes the lat- 
ter, which is, from its nature, intimately, almost inseparably, con- 
nected with horticultural work. 

The present horticultural building was constructed in 1876-7. 
A small greenhouse was attached in 1881, and in 1888 replaced by 
the present model greenhouse. 

The following named persons have acted as foremen of the Hor- 
ticultural Department, proper: A. Winder, G. E. Hopper, C. L. 



HISTORY OF DEPARTMENTS. 55 

Marlatt and S. C. Mason, the latter being appointed in 1888, and 
at present holding- the position, with credit to the department. 

The greenhouse was, for a time, in the charge of Thomas Bass- 
ler, student, but the first foreman was Wm. Baxter, who was ap- 
pointed in 1888, and is still in charge. 

BOTANICAL DEPARTMENT. 

In 1883, the department of Botany and Zoology was established 
by separation from the Horticulture and Entomology, and tempo- 
rarily included also two other branches, namely, physiology and 
geology. In 1888, when the Experiment Station was established, 
all the above branches except botany were transferred to the de- 
partment of Physiology and Veterinary Science, and the department 
became in naixie and reality the botanical department. W. T. 
Swingle was then appointed Assistant Botanist. In April, 1891, he 
resigned, to take a similar position at Washington, D. C. 

In 1883-4, the horticultural class room was occupied conjointly 
with the Professor of Horticulture and Entomology. The depart- 
ment took possession of the southwest rooms of the second floor, 
upon the completion, in the fall of 1884, of the south wing of the 
main college building. Two years later the armory building was 
remodeled, furnishing a recitation room, three laboratories, an office, 
and museum room, all on the second floor. The department then 
took up its permanent abode in these quarters. Museum cases were 
subsequently added to receive the various collections. 

The equipment of the Botanical department includes, at present, 
about thirty microscopes, sets of tools, re-agents, charts, etc., for 
class use. For the work of the Experiment Station, various addi- 
tional instruments and tools have been provided, including Zeiss 
microscopes, photographic and micro-photographic outfits, sprayers, 
culture room, work tables, etc., etc. 

The botanical collections are included in a General Herbarium 
and a Kansas Herbarium. The department has the use, also, of 
Prof. Kellerman's very large private herbarium of fungi. 

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS. 
At the opening of the Agricultural College, in 1863, but one 
department of study, the literary course, was put in operation. In 
it, the usual college course in mathematics, including calculus and 



5(3 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

astronomy, was announced. Rev. N. O. Preston was the first pro- 
fessor of mathematics. In the following year, other courses of study, 
with less of the mathematics, were announced. In 1866, Prof. B. 
F. Mudtre was put in charge of the higher mathematics, while Prof. 
J. E. Piatt taught the elementary mathematics. In 1870, the 
calculus was dropped from the course of study, and Professor Piatt 
became Professor of Mathematics. 

In 1873, the course of study was entirely changed, the require- 
ment in mathematics much reduced, and Prof. M. L. Ward elected 
to the chair of Mathematics and English. Professor Piatt also re- 
mained in the chair of elementary Mathematics and English. 

In 1888, the pure and applied mathematics were assigned to 
separate chairs, and Professor D.E. Lantz, received the former. The 
applied mathematics, except surveying, has since then been con- 
nected with the chairs of physics, and mechanics and engineering. 

The equipment of the Mathematical Department consists of 
jnathematical forms, five transits, four levels, plane table, farmer's 
drainage level, compasses, rods, chains, etc., all valued at $1,090. 



DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ART AND DESIGNING. 

Free-hand drawing became a branch of instruction at the Kan- 
sas State Agricultural College in 1870. The first teacher was Miss 
Lizzie Williams, an enthusiastic lover of art, and a talented student 
of the human form, who has since, as Mrs. Williams-Champney, 
won considerable fame as a skilled illustrator of juvenile literature. 
Art instruction in those early days was unsystematic, however, and 
the work in the department being optional with the students, the 
number of pupils was very small. Mfechanical drawing was not 
taught nor studied. 

The reorganization of the institution, in 1874, made free-hand 
drawintj- a reofular study. Prof. J. H. Lee, and afterwards. Prof. J. 
S. Whitman, were the teachers. In 1876, a graduate of the Col- 
lege, Miss B]lla Gale, a lover of art, at present the Professor of 
Art in Olivet College, Michigan, was given the position. Her mar- 
riage with Prof. Wm. K. Kedzie caused her to resign in 1877. 
Her successor as instructor of Industrial Drawing was the present 
professor of the department of Industrial Art and Designing. 



58 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

Under the care of Prof. J. D. Walters, who has now had charge 
of this branch of instruction for over fourteen years, the department 
has grown into a fully equipped school of mechanical drawing and 
industrial art, occupying two large class rooms, a private studio, a 
tool room and a store room for models. The inventory for the past 
school year shows equipments valued at 11,406.41. A creditable 
beginning has also been made in starting an Art Museum. Be- 
sides a large number of art studies and art plates for illustration 
and imitation, the department possesses full size plaster paris casts 
of the Venus of 3Iilo, and the Hadrian Diana with the Stag, also 
reduced casts of Angelo's Jloses and his Lorenzo Medici., Thor- 
waldson's Hebe, Teed's Psyche, and several classic busts and tab- 
lets. 

The obligatory instruction comprises a term of work in geomet- 
rical drawing and surface designing, a term of free-hand drawing, 
half a term of projection drawing, and a term of advanced work, 
machine and architectural draughting and study, linear perspective. 
Students who show special aptitude are encouraged to take draw- 
ing as a fourth study during any part of the course, and are given 
opportunity to fit themselves for the draughting office, or for special 
art schools. 

During the past year the department has taught 665 pupils, i. e., 
234 in the fall, 267 in the winter, and 164 in the spring. An in- 
crease of the work in drawing by the third-year class, agreed upon 
by the faculty and sanctioned by the Board at the April meeting, 
will probably make necessary the employment of an assistant. 

TELEGRAPH DEPARTMENT. 

With the reorganization of the College, in 1874, under the policy 
formulated by President Anderson, telegraphy was given a promi- 
nent place as an art, especially for the young ladies, although it was 
open to both sexes, and a short telegraph line and the necessary in- 
struments were provided. 

Mr. Frank C. .Jackson, then the U. P. telegraph operator at Man- 
hattan, was placed in charge as superintendent, where he remained 
one year. His other duties demanding his time, he was succeeded, 
in 1874, by W. C. Stewart, who remained in charge until the Bell 
telephone, then lately invented, proved more attractive, and he sev- 



HISTORY OF DEPARTMENTS. 59 

ered his connection with the College to unite with the telephone 
company. 

In 1879, I. D. Graham was elected superintendent, and held the 
position until 1890. The records concerning the early history of the 
department are difficult of access, and little can be said of them. 
During the eleven years between 1879 and 1890, there were enrolled 
a total of 719 students in the department. Of these, 168 were 
ladies, and 556 gentlemen. The inventory of property belonging 
to the department has ranged between $257.25 and 1974.85, and the 
yearly expenditures have been about 1250. In 1878, by action of 
the Board of Regents, a fee of three dollars per term was collected 
from each male student, and the returns from this source have since 
nearly equaled the expenditures. 

In 1890, E. R. Nichols was elected Instructor in Physics and 
Superintendent of Telegraphy. 

Assistants in this department have been, in order: F. L. Parker, 
student; J. G. Harbord, '86; Agnes M. Fairchild-Kirshner; Bertha 
H. Bacheller, '88. 

By action already taken, this department will be discontinued 
after the present school year, as less perfectly meeting the require- 
ments of the times and of the State, in an education to the useful^ 
than other arts which it is proposed to substitute for it in the course 
of study. 

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH. 

The English department was made a separate division of the 
College in 1882. Previous to that time the instruction in English 
was given in connection with other departments, especially those of 
Latin and mathematics. In 1868, when only the classical depart- 
ment had been established, English grammar and composition were 
taught by the Professor of Mathematics and Literature, N. O. Pres- 
ton. In 1864, an agricultural course was outlined and grammar 
was made a part of it, with the addition of one term of rhetoric in 
the third year. 

In 1866, besides the English of the preparatory department, one 
term of the sophomore year was given to rhetoric and criticism, and 
two terms of the senior year to philology and English literature, 
under .1. H. Lee, Professor of Latin Language and Literature. 

The course continued substantially the same until 1874, with the 



60 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

addition in 1871, of weekly drill in composition, declamation, orother 
literary exercises throughout the course. In 1874, the College 
course was entirely changed, and Englisli and history were placed 
together under J. H. Lee, as Professor of English and History. 
The next year it was again united with the department of Mathe- 
matics under Professors Ward and Piatt, and so continued until 1882. 

In 1882, English and history were again associated, and Prof. 
Wm. H. Cowles was called to this department. In 1885, Professor 
Cowles retiring to pursue special studies in the east, Oscar E. Olin 
was appointed head of the department. In 1888, English and his- 
tory were separated and the department of English Language and 
Literatvire established. Professor Olin being retained in the chair. 

The course now provides systematic training in exact expression 
from the beginning to the end of the four years, with special refer- 
ence to the etymology of scientific terms, and actual study of standard 
literatvire, with an outline of its history. 

DEPARTMENT OF HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY. 
The history of the department of Household Economy began 
when the college "•handbook" was printed, in 1874. In this President 
Anderson said: "A girl has a right to an education as precisely 
adapted to a woman's work as is a boy's preparatory to a man's 
work." To educate the girls in such lines the sewing department 
was started during this year, and two years later, upon moving into 
the buildings on the present college site, the work was enlarged so 
as to really begin the study of household economy. Mrs. M. E. 
Cripps was in charge of the " Domestic Department", which meant 
the sewing, and a beginning of work for girls in other lines. She 
gave a short course of lectures upon special hygiene to the more ad- 
vanced classes of young ladies, and these same classes listened to lec- 
tures by Prof. W. K. Kedzie upon the chemical composition of many 
articles of food, and some of the changes wrought by various com- 
binations or by cooking. Prof. E. M. Shelton gave a few lectures 
upon the care of milk and the making of butter and cheese. These 
three short courses of lectures comprised the department of house- 
hold economy. The sewing classes flourished, and in 1875 a class 
of girls was taught scroll sawing ; but no actual work in cooking 
came into the College until 1877, when the southwest room in the 



BISTORT OF DEPARTMENTS. 61 

chemical laboratory was fitted up for the senior class of girls to 
verify their lectures by actual experiment. A "baking day" came 
once a week, and during this year three meals were served by the 
class, one on the occasion of a board meeting, one on '-Washing- 
ton's birthday," and one as a farewell "lark " by the senior class. 
The first was for the regents, the second for a few invited guests, 
and the third, with the help of Mrs, Cripps, was prepared by the 
girls of the class for their class brothers and themselves. In 1880 
the course of lectures was extended, and in 1881 the lectures on 
household chemistry were put into the hands of Mrs. Cripps, and 
she organized a cooking class, which worked three weeks, and dis- 
posed of the food cooked by selling ten cent lunches to the students. 
About this time the kitchen laboratory was moved into the room in 
Mechanics Hall now occupied by the Industrialist^ while the sewing 
department lived next door, in three rooms at the south end. In the 
fall of 1882, this work passed into the charge of Mrs. N. S. Kedzie, 
and the course in household economy was enlarged so as to cover 
twelve weeks, two hours per day. One hour was devoted to lectures, 
and one hour to cooking in the kitchen laboratory. Conveniences 
for good work were few, the bread and pies were often turned up- 
side down in the oven in order to bake the bottom crust, and the 
water tank which supplied the building had a pleasant habit of run- 
ning over and dripping through the pantry upon dishes, groceries, 
and any food that might be on hand. 

Prof. Shelton conducted the department of dairying until the 
spring of 1884, when it was added to the already crowded depart- 
ment of household economy. 

The following fall term the department was divided, Mrs. E, E. 
Winchip being employed to carry the classes in sewing. All this 
work was moved into the new south wing and given the comfortable 
suites of rooms now occupied by the two departments. New dishes 
were added, arrangements made for a regular "faculty dinner" on 
every Monday, and a students' lunch on every Friday of the cooking 
term, the charges made for each being barely sufficient to pay for 
the materials used in preparing them. 

The "second-year party," which had in the old rooms only in- 
cluded the young ladies of the class, with a few invited guests, grew 
to include the whole second-year class; and the "regents' tea," held 



62 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

heretofore, ^rew to be a supper where regents, faculty and faculty 
wives met to test the cooking of ambitious second-year girls. 

In 1887, the dairy was built; and since then the buttermaking 
has become a pleasure, while the cooking has crept over into the 
dairying term, in order to keep the large class busy. The cooking 
class, in the winter of 1883, numbered twelve. That of 1891 num- 
bered thirty-six, with nine special students in the work, making 
forty-five cooks in the kitchen laboratory every day. 

The pretty office belonging to the department, as well as the 
kitchen laboratory, the dining room, and the dairy, have been grad- 
ually fitted up with furniture until work is comfortably managed, 
even with large classes, and the history of the department of House- 
hold Economy in this College is really begun. Its influence is 
reaching into other State institutions, as the good work done in 
the Dakota College by Mrs. Dalinda Mason-Cotey, of the class of 
1881, and that of Miss Abbie Marlatt, of the class of 1888, in the 
Agricultural College of Utah, testify. Other post-graduate students 
are preparing themselves to add still other pages to this history, 
while making history in the same line for other institutions. 

SEWING DEPARTMENT. 

The history of the Sewing department in the State Agricultural 
College began in December, 1878, when Mrs. Cheseldine, and three 
sewing machines, were given one corner of the chapel, and young 
ladies were regularly assigned to sewing. The next year the sew- 
ing classes were moved to the library, and were carried on very 
successfully, practical dressmaking and plain sewing of all kinds 
being taught. 

In the fall of 1875, upon moving into the new buildings,pleasant 
rooms were given to the Sewing department, in the place now occu- 
pied by the printing press. 

In the year 1877-78, a small kitchen laboratory was started 
under the supervision of Mrs. Cripps, Superintendent of Sewing, 
until 1882, and Mrs. Kedzie, who succeeded her. The classes in- 
creased in size and much interest was taken in both lines of work, 
until the year 1884, when the Sewing Department was organized 
under the charge of Mrs.E. E. Winchip. It occupied the reception 
room for tlie fall term, until the large and commodious rooms that 



04 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 



we now have were completed. These are nicely fitted up with 
cupboards and drawers for keeping; the work, most of the young 
ladies furnishino- their own material and workino- for themselves. 
In this way nearly a thousand garments have been made in a single 
year, fully two hundred of them dresses fitted by the students 
themselves. 

Since 1874, the number of students in sewing classes has in- 
creased from forty-five to over one hundred each day. Last year 
the department was too large for one pair of hands, and Miss Abbie 
Marlatt, a graduate of 1888, was employed as assistant. This year 
she fills the chair of Household Economy in the Utah Agricultural 
College, and Miss Ada Little, '86, takes the same duties. 

The department is recognized as one of the distinctive features 
of the College, and highly prized by the students. 

MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT. 

In 1871 a rude shed furnished room for a carpenter shop which 
received students into classes organized as those in any study, and 
blacksmithing was soon added. From this beginning the depart- 
ment has kept pace in growth with the general growth of the 
College. 

In 1875 the second building on the present site was put up for 
a mechanics' hall. Some old students remember the shop in that 
year as a floorless, vmplastered room full of industry, and with some 
special attractions not now in the course. Until about 1880 a 
few young ladies occupied one end of the shop at times in scroll 
sawing and wood carving. 

In 1877 the shop was floored, in 1884 plastered and wainscoted, 
in 1885 heated by steam, and at the same time an engine and line 
shaft were added. 

The various heads of department have been Ambrose Todd, 1871 
to 1878; T. T. Hawkes, 1878 to 1886 (except that M. A. Reeves 
was acting superintendent from 1882 to 1883) ; and O. P. Hood 
since 1886. The assistants in the wood shop have been, in succes- 
sion, M. A. Reeves, S. N. Peck, G. N. Thompson, and W. L. 
House, and in blacksmith work S. A. Hayes, J. Linder, .1. Lund, 
and C. A. Gundaker. 

The early practice of the shop was in learning so much of a trade 



66 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

'as was possible in limited time. In the fall of 1886, the nature of 
the work was somewhat changed by the introduction of a system- 
atic course in the elementary operations of wood work, and as soon 
as students came into the department, the use of carefully made 
drawings was insisted upon. 

The Legislature of 1887 made provision for wood working 
machinery in the shop to the amount of -f 1,000. In addition to 
ithe ten-horse power engine, and thirty-horse power boiler already 
'in the building, a fine double-column circular saw of the best make 
was provided; also a twenty-four-inch planer, a single spindle 
friezer, a thirty-four-inch band saw, four lathes, and numerous 
attachments, making altogether, a very complete wood working 
plant as far as power machinery goes. The gradual growth of 
classes had required the addition of a room in the second story. Also 
in this year a very desirable combination was made by placing the 
general instruction in mechanics, as well as that in engineering, in 
charge of the superintendent of shops. It thus became possible to 
present the theoretical and practical parts of mechanics in harmony, 
greatly to the advantage of both. 

During the past year, the department tools have been increased 
to 200 complete sets, placed in separate locked drawers under the 
benches, so that each student has a good kit of tools entirely in his 
charge. Special tools of great variety are found in an extensive 
kit, placed in order in a tool room, to be drawn out as needed by 
students, under a check system. The wood working part of the 
mechanical department is now thoroughly equipped and fit to handle 
the very large classes now in attendance. Its methods are such as 
to make its training felt beyond the use of wood working tools by 
fostering ingenuity, and awakening interest in all useful material. 
Much wood work of the department is represented about the Col- 
lege in buildings, cases and furniture. 

In the past, iron work has of necessity been neglected on ac- 
count of lack of equipment and funds. A small class in blacksmith 
work has been conducted since 1871, with two forges only, and a 
few tools. A $4,000 building is soon to be erected for the iron work 
alone. The training in foundry, blacksmith shop and machine shop 
will be carried along the same lines as those followed in the wood 
work, making it neither technical training nor simply gymnastics, 



HISTORY OF DEPARTMENTS. 67 

but discipline for future usefulness to the student in whatever in- 
dustrial work he may be engaged. 

The effects of the shop training have been noticeable from the 
beginning in cultivating efficiency of action and accuracy of judg- 
ment in matters of common concern, and multitudes of students all 
over the State testify to its merits in the training course for farmers. 
A few notable architects, builders and machinists have had the 
start in their life work here. 

DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC. 
The Musical department was organized in 1863. Instructors 
have been appointed as follows: 

1863 Mrs. Ella C. Beckwith, Instrumental Music, 1804 

1864 Prof. Charles C. Heubschman, Instrumental Music, . . 1866 

1866 Mrs. Laura C. Lee, Instrumental Music, 1868 

1866 Prof. J. E. Piatt, Vocal Music, 1883 

1868 Miss Emily M. Campbell, Instrumental Music, .... 1869 

1869 Mrs. Hattle V. Werden, Instrumental Music, 1877 

1877 Miss Carrie Steele, Instrumental Music, 1878 

1878 Piof. Wm. L. Hofer, Instrumental Music 1886 

In 1886 the present incumbent, Alexander B. Brown, was ap- 
pointed Professor of Vocal and Instrumental Music. In 1889 Miss 
Susan W. Nichols Avas his assistant, followed by Miss E. Ada Little 
in 1890. 

At first the department was little more than a singing school, 
with a single piano as its equipment; but, keeping pace with the 
continuous and general development of the College, it is now 
almost a conservatory in its opportunities for study, though still 
limited in those for practice. At first music was considered only a 
special study; now it may be taken at any time by ladies, as an in- 
dustrial, and by special arrangement may be taken as a study, not 
as an accomplishment merely, but disciplinary as well; in its ac- 
quirement not only exciting the emotions, but quickening the intel- 
lectual powers. 

Its methods combine with the first lessons instructions in har- 
mony and rythm, which constitute a foundation for whatever super- 
structure the taste, talents or necessities of the student may require; 
and this without increasing the time for the rudimental studies, be- 
cause of the improved text books and charts. 



08 COLLEGE STMPOSLUM. 

The prismatic charts, nine oil paintings twelve feet four inches 
square, are an original presentation of the doctrine of expression, 
and have received the endorsement of several of the best musicians, 
teachers and artists of the country, most notable of these, Remenyii, 
the world renowned virtuoso. They are the mutual work of Rev. 
Robert Brown, of Kansas Conservatory, Leavenworth, and Prof. A. 
B. Brown, assisted by Miss M. .1. Douglass, and painted l:»y Win. .T. 
McNutt, under their direction. 

The present equipment for practice and effect, in addition to the 
prismatic charts — a duplicate set of the original — and a small 
library, are: five pianos, one a Chickering concert grand, four 
organs, one a pedal organ, and a double bass, with other necessary 
furniture. Other orchestral and band instruments, with text books, 
are furnished by the head of the department for a small rental. 

The daily opening exercise at chapel is at present led by an 
orchestra of twenty members and a choir of eighty voices, the other 
four hundred students, furnished with books, constituting the grand 
chorus. By means of this daily drill of the year and the weekly 
rehearsals of the singing classes and orchestra, the commencement 
exercises furnish a musical program more interesting than any num- 
ber of hired professionals could present. 

The department furnishes the musical numbers for all college 
exercises, assists the literary societies, and has for the promotion of 
higher culture: the Glee Club for gentlemen, the Cecilia Society 
for ladies, the orchestra for ladies and gentlemen, and the Cadet 
Band, which furnishes music for the battalion drills of the military 
department and other occasions. 

Under the direction of the department, the oratorio of "The 
Creation;" the cantata, "Jephthah and his Daughter;" the operas, 
"The Chimes of Normandy" and "The Bohemian Girl" have been 
successfully rendered by students and citizens in the opera house 
at Manhattan. 

PRINTING DEPARTMENT. 

The Printing department was established in December, 1878, 
as part of President Anderson's general scheme to give industrial 
training greater ])rominence than it had hitherto enjoyed. Twen- 
ty-five pairs of cases, 200 pounds of long primer type and a proof- 
press were provided. This material was used wholly for practice 



HISTORY OF DEPARTMENTS. 69 

in type-setting' and drill in punctuation, capitalization and sylla- 
bication, no paper bein^ printed at that time. Classes were taught 
by President Anderson and M. Schillerstrom. 

A. A. Stewart was made Superintendent of Printing in April, 
1874, having a class of fourteen persons, which was increased to 
thirty-one during the following term. 

The first number of the InclKStrialist bears the date Saturday, 
April 24, 1875. President Anderson was managing editor, and 
J. H. P'olks, business manager. The paper was a three-column 
folio, and the type used was brevier and nonpareil. The salutatory 
stated that the paper was issued "in part, to afford the members of 
the printing classes regular drill in the work of printing and pub- 
lishing a weekly newspaper; in part, to epitomize current events for 
the benefit of its student readers ; in part, to photograph the work of 
the several departments of the Agricultural College for the infor- 
mation of its patrons and the people; in part, to discuss the educa- 
tional system and methods of Kansas from the standpoint of the 
rights and necessities of the industrial classes; in part, to contribute, 
so far as it can, such practical facts of science as may increase the 
profit or pleasure of the farmers, mechanics, or business men or 
women of Kansas." 

Mr. Stewart resigned in 1881, and Geo. F. Thompson, a third- 
year student, was elected to fill the vacancy. The rapid increase 
in the subscription list of the Industrialist made necessary improved 
facilities, and the half-medium Gordon job press on which the paper 
had been printed for seven years gave place, in 1882, to a Babcock 
country cylinder, which is yet in use. A small (eighth medium) 
Gordon job press was added about the same time. The paper, 
meanwhile, had been enlarged to a four-column folio. 

J. S. C. Thompson, the present incumbent, was elected superin- 
tendent in January, 1887. In 1889, the Industrialist underwent a 
typographical change, the size of the sheet being slightly increased, 
the columns reduced in number to three to the page and increased 
in width, and ten-point type employed as a "dress." The display 
type in the office being well nigh worn out by this time, it was 
thrown out, and new faces, on the uniform standard system of 
bodies shortly before agreed upon by the type-founders, put in. A 
year later about twenty fonts of wood type, — the first to find a 



70 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

place in the office, — a rule cutter, a rule curving and a rule miter- 
ing machine were added. The present equipment consists of cases 
and stands sufficient for the accommodation of a hundred students, 
and the attendance has at different times nearly reached that fig- 
ure. Besides the Babcock cylinder press with steam power, for 
newspaper and book work, there is a quarter-medium new Liberty 
(just purchased), and an eighth-medium Gordon for smaller work. 
The inventory of the department is about $4,000, against $1,197 in 
1876. 

DEPAltTMP:NT OF IIISTOivY AND CONSTITUTIONAL LA A". 

Before the reorganization of the College in 1878, modern history, 
Grecian history, general history and United States history were 
taught at various times and in different parts of the course of 
instruction. For several years after that event United States his- 
tory was taught in the first year of the "Woman's Course" and 
general history in the later years of other courses. Since the year 
1879, United States history has been a winter term study of the 
first year, and general history a fall term study of the third year, 
and constitutional law a winter term study of the fourth year, 
except that in 1881 ; the last named was pushed forward into the 
spring term. The new course of study which will go into effect 
during the year 1891-2, provides that United States history shall 
be required on entrance; general history shall be as now in the fall 
term of the third year, and that a course in constitutional history 
and civil government shall be given during the winter terra of the 
third year. Constitutional law is dropped from the curriculum. 
Political economy, now taught in another department, will be 
transferred to this, and the chair name will probably be changed. 
All training for citizenship will, hereafter, be under one instructor. 
Though others have been teachers of history in the College, only 
the following have been designated as such by the catalogue: 
President Denison, '70-3, history, political economy, and mental 
and moral philosophy; Prof. J. H. Lee, '74-5, English and history; 
Prof. W. H. Covvles, '82-5, English and history; Prof. O. E. Oiin, 

'85-8, English and history; Prof. F. H. White, '88 , history and 

constitutional law. 



HISTORY OF DEPARTMENTS. 71 

FARM DEPARTMENT. 

Though nominally an Agricultural College since 1863, this in- 
stitution was without any instruction in agriculture until 1868, 
when J. S. Houtrhain was elected Professor of Ao-riculture, and 
taught all there was in the College of book-keeping, commercial 
science, general and analytical chemistry, and physics; his title be- 
ing changed several times to fit his duties. This concentration in 
one chair of so many essential studies of the College is presumptive 
proof that but little could be accomplished in any of them. Under 
such conditions the progress would necessarily be slow. 

In 1867, eighty acres of the farm were inclosed by a stone wall, 
a few acres having previously been broken. In 1868, an apple 
orchard, the same which still stands there, was planted in this in- 
closure, at an expense of fifty cents per tree, the planting being let 
by contract to Mr. Samuel Cutter, still living in Riley county. In 
the winter of 1868-9 the legislature made its first outright appro- 
priation of |>200 for the Agricultural Department, restricting its use 
to the purchase of plants, seeds and agricultural implements. As a 
matter of interest it may be noted that the same legislature appro- 
priated $1,400 to furnish tobacco for the convicts in the penitentiary. 

So far " No provision had been made for the grunt of pig, bleat 
of sheep, low of cattle, or neigh of horse, which might disturb the 
literary and classical repose of even a more conservative institution 
of learning." No cropping had been attempted. In 1869, the few 
acres that were broken were rented to Col. Frank Campbell, who 
kept the college boarding house. In 1870, Prof. Hougham planted 
the first crop, consisting of oats, barley and corn. The season was 
unfavorable. The oats and barley grew only six to eight inches 
tall, and the corn was all but destroyed by chinch bugs. In August 
of the same year, the ground was sown to wheat, and in 1871 gave 
a yield of forty-three and one-half bushels per acre. 

In July of 1871, two valuable tracts of land were purchased. 
One, the so-called "Ingram place," consisting of eighty acres in 
the Wild Cat bottom two or three miles from the College, was 
never used, but sold in 1880. The other, containing one hundred 
and fifty-five acres, joined the tovvn of Manhattan on the west, and 
is the present site of the College. Of this, forty acres were bought 
from Mrs. Preston, forty acres from Prof. Gale, and seventy-five 



72 COLLEGE SYMP08LUM. 

from Mr. Foster. The total cost being $29,882.71 in scrip, of 
which sum the city of Manhattan contributed * 12,000, raised by a 
bond election. 

In 1871, Fred E. Miller was appointed Professor of Practical 
Agriculture, and means were provided for the purchase of stock, 
teams and implements. The foundation was laid for a herd of 
Shorthorns, which still remains the pride of the College. The 
"new farm " near town was put under culture, and an immense 
stone barn was projected and the building of the first wing begun. 
This wino- was, however, all that was ever finished of the orand 
structure, and it did duty as a barn for but a few years. In 1875 
the institution was removed from the classical halls of Bluemont 
College to the new farm near town, and the barn was converted 
into a temporary main building, with class rooms, laboratory, 
chapel, etc., and later, when the present main building was finished, 
it was, and still is, used for museum, armory, botanical laboratory, 
etc. 

In April, 1874, Mr. E. M. Shelton, a graduate of the Michigan 
Agricultural College, was made Professor of Practical Agriculture, 
and remained in the chair till the close of 1889, when he resigned 
to go to Australia — a period of nearly sixteen years. His strong 
personality and energetic nature made itself felt, not only in the 
management of the department, but in the agriculture of the State, 
and established the repute of the College for practical and experi- 
mental agriculture. 

During these sixteen years the department made a steady for- 
ward growth. Much attention was given to the herd. The Short- 
horns were bred up, and samples of other breeds were added, 
namely. Galloways and Jerseys, and later on, Herefords and Aber- 
deen Angus, the Galloways being displaced by the latter. The 
constant growth of the College necessitated encroachments on the 
tillable land of the farm for building sites, lawns, and horticultural 
work, and the need of more land grew yearly more pressing. To 
meet this need, the college authorities purchased sixty acres from 
the heirs to the Beebe estate, which joined the college property on 
the north. Sixteen acres of this was conveyed to the College July 
22, 1881, and the remaining forty-four acres in August, 1885. 

A new stone barn was built in 1877, dimensions 97x48 feet, at a 



HISTORY OF DEPARTMENTS. 73 

cost of 14,000, and in 1885 a wing was added to it, measuring 75x 
50 feet, and costing 14,500. 

On the resignation of Prof. Shelton in 1889, Chas. C Georgeson, 
also a graduate of the Michigan Agricultural College, was ap- 
pointed to the chair of Agriculture, and took charge on his arrival, 
January 4, 1890. During that year some fine specimens of Hol- 
stein-Friesian cattle were added to the herd, and a couple of Shrop- 
shire sheep were purchased with a view to rearing a flock of that 
breed. Field experimenting was also much extended. 

The farm department has at present one hundred and eighty-five 
acres under its control, one hundred and seven acres of which are 
in pasture, and the remainder under culture. The live stock in its 
possession includes Shorthorn, Jersey, Aberdeen-Angus, Hereford, 
and Holstein-Friesian cattle; Berkshire and Poland China swine, 
and Shropshire sheep. It has two good teams and all the necessary 
implements of tillage. The inventory taken June 30, 1890, showed 
the value of the assets, exclusive of the farm, to be 126,716.70. 

All of this property is used directly for instruction in the prin- 
ciples of agriculture, and since the organization of the Experiment 
Station, in 1888, has been devoted in great measure to experi- 
mental agriculture, fully reported in bulletins of the station. At 
present, there are some eighteen hundred plots in general farm 
crops under observation. 

The foremen in this department have been: J. C. Mayos, T. B. 
Morgan, W. S. Myers, E. Gregory, W. Whitney, G. R. Wilson, and 
Wm. Shelton, the latter being still in charge. In 1888, when the 
station experiments were undertaken, Mr. H. M. Cottrell, M. Sc, 
was made assistant in agriculture, and retains the place at the pres- 
ent time. 

MILITARY DEPARTMENT. • 
In the act establishing the Agricultural College, it was pro- 
vided that military instruction should be made a part of the course. 
To carry out this provision, Gen. J. H. Davidson was appointed 
military instructor in 1866, three years after the founding of the 
College. During his service the College received from the State 
one hundred of the inferior muskets used during the fore part of 
the Rebellion. 

For a year or more the outlook of the department was promising. 



74 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

but interest in military drill soon died out, and Gen. Davidson was 
removed in 1870. From this time till 1881 there was nothing done 
in the way of military instruction, and what equipments had been 
acquired were either lost or destroyed. 

In the summer of 1881, 1st Lieut. Albert Todd, of the 1st 
Artillery, was assigned to duty here by the War Department, as 
Professor of Military Science and Tactics. Classes in drill in the 
schools of the soldier, skirmisher, company and battalion were 
immediately organized, but no equipments were received until 
May of 1882. At this time the department received seventy-five 
stands of improved rifles from the War Department of the United 
States, and the board of regents provided swords for the officers. 

A class was organized in military science about the same time, 
and the study has since been a part of the course required in the 
College. 

In 1884 Lieut. Todd was succeeded by Lieut. W. J. Nicholson, 
of the 7th Cavalry, during whose administration the equipments 
were extended by the addition of twenty-five rifles from the govern- 
ment, and the purchase of sixty uniforms. At the expiration of 
Lieut. Nicholson's term, Lieut. J. F. Morrison, of the 21st Infantry, 
was appointed to the position, which he held for three years, with 
the addition of fifty rifles and sixty caps and blouses, and two 
three-inch rifled cannon, so that at present there is abundant 
opportunity for students to become well versed in the artillery 
as well as the infantry drill. 

Lieut. E. ]5. Bolton, of the 23d Infantry, has been on duty in 
the chair of Military Science and Tactics since August, 1890, and 
the department has been furnished with a new stand of colors and 
trumpets for battalion drill. Although the drill has been elective 
in all these years, it has become more and more effective and 
popular with the students, so that a young man seldom goes 
through a year without one or more terms of regular drill, and the 
battalion reaches the full capacity of equipment. 

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS. 

The teaching of natural philosophy, physics and meteorology 
has been variously connected with established chairs in the College 
since the beginning, in 1808, and its history up to 1887 is connected 



76 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

with the chairs of natural sciences, chemistry, and mechanics and 
engineering. In 1887 F. J. Rogers was made Instructor in Physics, 
and taught it two years, with other studies. Upon the retirement 
of Mr. Rogers to pursue extended study of the physical sciences, 
Lieut. J. F. Morrison, Professor of Military Science and Tactics, 
took charge for a year, until the expiration of his detail for service 
here. In 1890 Ernest R. Nichols was elected Instructor in the chair 
of Physics, with a view to including the whole subject of electrical 
engineering. The department is well supplied with apparatus for 
general illustration, and is now gaining apparatus for accurate 
physical measurements, especially in electricity. The inventory of 
illustrative apparatus amounts to over $8,500 now, with prospect of 
a considerable increase another year. 

DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY SCIENCE. 

Instruction in Veterinary Science was first given in 1871, in a 
course of lectures by Mr. .loseph Rushmore. In 1872, Dr. H. J. 
Detmers was tiaade Professor of Veterinary Science and Animal 
Husbandry. The course was planned for four years. In 1874, Dr. 
Detmers resigned. In 1887, Dr. Paquin gave a course of ten lec- 
tures. In 1888, a chair of Veterinary Science and Physiology was 
created and Dr. Robt. F. Burleigh occupied it for one year. In 
1890, Dr. N. S. Mayo was selected to fill the chair. The time de- 
voted to the creneral lectures has been extended from tlie last 
two weeks of the winter term to the whole winter term of the fourth 
year, and the study of physiology and zoology is vnider the direc- 
tion of the same professor with the purpose of making them, in a 
sense, preparatory to the veterinary course. 

This chair is directly connected with the Experiment Station, 
its occupant being, ex-ojficio, a member of the council. 

THE EXPERIMENT STATION. 
Since the organization of the departments of agricultiire and 
horticulture, experiment has been prominent in the thoughts for 
development of these departments, and so far as the funds of the 
College permitted, work has been done in this line. Previous to 
1888, reports of such undertakings were published in connection 
with the biennial report of the regents, and contain a considerable 



HISTORY OF DEPARTMENTS. 



body of interesting- matter pertainincr to Kansas farming and 
orcharding. 

In February, 1888, when the funds appropriated by Congress to 
carry out the provision of the Hatch Experiment Act of 1887 be- 
came available, the Station in this State was immediately organized 
as a department of the College. The heads of the departments of 
Agriculture, Horticulture, Chemistry, Botany and Veterinary Sci- 
ence, with the president of the College were made, ex-qfficio, mem- 
bers of the council, in full control of all experiments. Rooms were 
assigned to the special work of the several departments, competent 
assistants were employed, extensive propagating houses were 
erected, apparatus was supplied, and all the farm and garden 
machinery, including lands and stock, were placed at the disposal 
of the Station for such experiments as might be most advantageous 
to the State. Bulletins have been issued from time to time to the 
number of seventeen, and the annual reports have made volumes of 
over 800 pages. 

The Station stands in good repute with the thrifty farmers of 
the State, and with other investigators throughout the country. 
Some of its workers have been called to more prominent positions 
in other States, and in the Department of Agriculture at Wash- 
ington. 

The organization of the Station as a department of the College 
with a council in full direction made the office of director, held in 
1888 and 1889 by Prof. E. M. Shelton, chiefly nominal, except so 
far as it concerned the correspondence of the Station and its publi- 
cations. In January, 1890, the assistant secretary of the Board 
was made, ex-ojficlo, secretary of the Station council, with direct re- 
sponsibility for the accounts, the clerical work, and the issue of 
bulletins and reports. The Station council now stands as follows : 

Geo. T. Fairchild, A. M., Chairman. 

Geo. H. Failyer, M. Sc, Chemistry. 

E. A. Popenoe, A. M., Horticulture and Entomology. 

W. A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Botany. 

C. C. Georgeson, M. Sc, Agriculture. 

N. S. Mayo, D. V. S., M. Sc, Veterinary Science. 

I. D. Graham, B. Sc, Secretary. 



FACULTY. 79 



FACULTY. 



GEORGE T. FAIRCHILD, A. M., President, *(1879), 

Professor of Logic and Political Economy. 
GEORGE H. FAILYER, M. Sc, (1878), 

Professor of Chemistry and Mineralogy. 
EDWIN A. POPENOE, A. M., (1879), 

Professor of Horticulture and Entomology, 

Superintendent of Orchards and Gardens. 
WILLIAM A. KELLERMAN, Ph. D., (1883), 

Professor of Botany. 
DAVID E. LANTZ, M. Sc, (1883), 

Professor of Mathematics, Librarian. 
JOHN D. WALTERS, M. Sc, (1877), 

Professor of Industrial Art and Designing. 
IRA D. GRAHAM, B. Sc, (1879), 

Secretary, Instructor in Book-Keeping. 
OSCAR E. OLIN, (1885), 

Professor of English Language and Literature. 
Mrs. NELLIE S. KEDZIE, M. Sc,(1882), 

Professor of Household Economy and Hygiene. 
Mrs. ELIDA E. WINCHIP, (1884), 

Superintendent of Sewing. 
OZNI P. HOOD, B. Sc, (1886), 

Professor of Mechanics and Engineering. 

Superintendent of Workshops. 
ALEXANDER B. BROWN, A. M., (1886), 

Professor of Music. 
JOHN S. C. THOMPSON, (1887), 

Superintendent of Printing. 
FRANCIS H. WHITE, A. M., (1888), 

Professor of History and Constitutional Law. 
CHARLES C. GEORGESON, M. Sc, (1890), 

Professor of Agriculture 

Superintendent of Farm. 
EDWIN B. BOLTON, First Lieut. 23d U. S. Infantry, (1890), 

Professor of Military Science and Tactics. 
ERNEST R. NICHOLS, A. M., (1890), 

Instructor in Physics, 

Superintendent of Telegraphy. 
NELSON S. MAYO, D. V. S., M. Sc, (1890), 

Instructor in Physiology and Veterinary Science. 
* Date of election. 



80 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 



ASSISTANTS AND FOREMEN. 
C. M. Breese, M. Sc, Assistant in Chemistry. 
Jennie C. Tunnell, B. Sc, Assistant Librarian. 
W>r. IJaxter, Foreman of Greenhouse. 
W. L. House, Foreman of Carpenter Shop. 
C. A. GuNDAKEE, Foreman of Bhicksmith Shop. 
A. C. McCreauy, Janitor. 
Julia R. Pearce, B. Sc, Clerk ia Executive Office. 



STUDENT ASSISTANTS. 
Bertha H. Bacheller, B. Sc, Telegraphy. 
Francis C. Burtis, Agriculture. 
George L. Clothier, Horticulture. 
Phil. S. Creager, Horticulture. 
E. Ada Little, B. Sc, Sewing and Music. 
Sam Van Blarcom, Horticulture. 
Frank A. Waugh, Horticulture. 
George W. Wildin, Carpentry. 



ASSISTANTS IN EXPERIMENT STATION. 
J. T. WiLLARD, M. Sc, Chemistry. 
S. C. Mason, B. Sc, Horticulture, Foreman of Gardens. 
F. A. Mari-att, B. Sc, Entomology. 
Emma A. Allen, B. Sc, Botany. 
II. M. CoTTRELL, M. Sc , Agriculture. 
Wm. Shelton, Foreman of Farm. 









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BIOGRAPHICAL. 81 



BIOGRAPHIES OF THE PRESENT FACULTY. 



G. H. FAILYER, M. Sc. 

George H. Failyer was born in December, 1849, on a farm in 
Mahaska county, Iowa. Wiien he was six years old his father's 
family moved to Page county, Iowa, then on the extreme frontier, 
and settled on a preemption claim. 

He first attended school at the age of eight, and was regular in 
attendance, the schools ranging from three to six months in the year. 
He was student in Amity Academy, Amity, Iowa, for a term in 
1867 and one in 1868. In April, 1868, he accompanied his father 
to Southeast Kansas, and took up a claim in connection with his 
father on the Cherokee Neutral Lands. From this time to Septem- 
ber, 1873, he was engaged in the usual farm work of a new country, 
studying at odd times for recreation. In September, 1873, he en- 
tered the third year of the then six-year course at this College, and 
graduated in 1877, having found time during his course for special 
work in chemistry. 

After graduation he spent a year resting on a farm in Chautau- 
qua county, Kansas, and teaching in the common schools. A va- 
cancy occurring in the chair of chemistry here in 1(S78, he was 
asked to take the place temporarily, and at the close of the year was 
elected to the chair, which he still holds, having received the de- 
gree of Master of Science in 1879. From the necessities of the 
institution, the teacliing of various other subjects has fallen to his 
lot, especially mineralogy, physics, meteorology and geology. In 
1880 he spent a term in special study under Prof. R. C. Kedzie at 
the Michigan Agricultural College. He has been one of the chem- 
ists of the State Board of Agriculture since 1879; has been presi- 
dent of the Kansas Academy of Science, and is a member of the 
American Association for the Advancement of Science. At the or- 
ganization of the State Experiment Station, he was made Chemist 
of the Station. He is the author of a handbook for students in 
qualitative analysis, and the inventor of chemical apparatus and 
methods of some importance in quantitative analysis. 



82 COLLEGE 8YMP0SLUM. 

E. A. POPENOE, A. M. 
Edwin Alonzo Popenoe was born in 1853, on his father's farm in 
Montgomery county, Ohio, but studied in the common schools and 
in the villacre high school in McLean county, Illinois. Removing, 
in 1869, to Topeka, Kansas, he began in the following year a pre- 
paratory course in Washburn College, where he studied six years, 
graduating in the classical course in 1876, and receiving the degree 
of Master of Arts from the same institution a few years later. After 
graduation, he taught a year in the Shawnee county schools, and a 
second as principal of the Quincy school in North Topeka, resign- 
ing the latter position in 1879 to accept the chair of Botany and 
Horticulture in the Kansas State Agricultural College, where his 
duties included the instruction of the classes in zoology and ento- 
mology, and the superintendence of the orchards, gardens and 
grounds. At the division of duties in 1888, he was assigned to the 
chair of Horticulture and Entomology, which he still occupies. He 
is a member of the American Ornithologist's Union, a life member 
in the Kansas State Horticultural Society and in the American 
Pomological Society, the vice-president for Kansas in the American 
Forestry Association, and secretary of the American Horticultural 
Society. He was for many years secretary of the Kansas Academy 
of Science, and is one of the official entomologists to the State 
Board of Agriculture. 

W. A. KELLERMAN, Ph. D. 
William A. Kellerman was born May 1st, 1850, in Central 
Ohio; his early life being spent upon his father's farm. He pre- 
pared for college in Fairfield Academy. In 1871 he entered 
Cornell University, and after four years graduated with the de- 
gree of B. Sc. After graduating he became Professor of Natural 
Science in the Wisconsin State Normal School. After five years' 
continuous service in that position he went to Europe and studied 
two years in Germany and Switzerland, and received the degree of 
Ph. D. In 1881 he returned to this country and was called to the 
Kentucky State Agricultural and Mechanical College, where he re- 
mained two years. He has been connected with the Kansas State 
Ao-ricultural College since 1883, as Professor of Botany and Zool- 
ogy, until 1888, since that time of Botany alone. In 1885 he was 



BIOGRAPHICAL. 88 



made Botanist to the Kansas State Board of Agriculture, and in 
1888 to the Kansas Experiment Station. In connection with his 
work he has published "Elements of Botany," " Plant Analysis," 
" Analytical Flora of Kansas," and various scientific contributions. 
In 1885 he established the "Journal of Mycology" and edited the 
same until 1889. 

D. E. LANTZ, M. 8c. 

David Ernest Lantz, Professor of Mathematics, and librarian, was 
born in .Tuniata county, Pennsylvania, in 1850. He was educated in 
the Juniata county Normal school, and in the State Normal school 
at BloomsburcT, Pennsylvania, graduating in 1875, and received 
the degree of Master of Science, after examination, in June, 1885. 

From 1870 to 1883 he was a teacher in the public schools, and 
holds life diplomas in both Pennsylvania and Kansas' For two 
years he was principal of public schools at Mifflintown, Pennsylvania, 
and of the Juniata county Normal school, and for five years previ- 
ous to election to his present position he was superintendent of 
schools at Manhattan, Kansas. He is well known throug-h the 
State as a successful conductor of teachers' institutes, and in 1882 
was nominated by acclamation in the Democratic convention for 
State superintendent of public instruction. He is an honorary 
member of the Kansas State Horticultural Society, a member of the 
Kansas Academy of Science, and an associate member of the 
American Ornithologists' Union. 

J. D. WALTERS, M. Sc. 
Professor John Daniel Walters was born in 1848, and is a native 
of the canton of Solothurn, or Soleure, in Western Switzerland. He 
received his education in the common schools of Aetigkofen and 
Dombresson; in the high school of the county of Bucheggberg, 
and the cantonal gymnasium of Solothurn, from which institution 
he graduated in 1807. Two months after his graduation he landed 
in New York, working as decorative painter, architectural draughts- 
man and private teacher in different parts of the country, until his 
appointment to the position of teacher of drawing at this College. 
He was given the degree of M. Sc. in 1883, and made Professor of 
the department of Industrial Art and Designing in 1885. The 
Professor has taken considerable interest in the work of the Na- 



84 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

tional Educational Association. During the meeting of the Asso- 
ciation in Topeka, in 1886, he was the secretary pro tern., and at the 
meeting in the following year, in Chicago, the regular secretary 
of the Industrial Section. At the meeting in Nashville in 1889, he 
read a paper on industrial education, and served on two different 
committees. He has also read papers before many of the different 
scientific or practical societies of the State, and has been for several 
years the chairman of the standing committee on landscape garden- 
ing in the State Horticultural Society, 

I. D. GRAHAM, B. Sc. 
Ira D. Graham was born in Vinton, Iowa, on August 29, 1856. 
Two years later his parents removed to Knox county, Illinois, 
where he grew up. He received the usual common school training 
and entered Abingdon College, Abingdon, 111., at the age of sixteen 
years, and paid his way while there by manual labor. From this 
college he received the degree of Bachelor of Science, and in 1885 
the honorary degree of Master of Arts from Eureka College, 
Eureka, Ill- 
After leaving college, he served several years as a telegraph 
operator and railroad agent, and taught several terms in the com- 
mon schools of Illinois and Kansas. In 1879 he was elected 
superintendent of telegraphy in the Kansas State Agricultural 
College, and held this position until 1890. He was elected secre- 
tary of the faculty in 1881, and in 1884, when the office of 
assistant secretary of the Board of Regents was created, Mr. 
Graham was appointed thereto. In 1886 he was made instructor 
in book-keeping and commercial law, and in 1890 secretary of the 
Experiment Station. He was for several years treasurer of the 
Kansas Academy of Science, was one of the founders of the Kansas 
Dairy Association, and has been its treasurer and a member of its 
executive board for the past two years. He is a member of the 
Kansas State Grange and the Kansas State Historical Society, and 
of various other associations, educational and scientific. 

O. E. OLIN. 
O. E. Olin was born at Earlville, Oliio, on the 8d of December, 
1851. His father was a prosperous farmer of the western reserve. 
The family, leaving the ancestral home, went west in 1852. Mr. 



BIOGRAPHICAL. 85 



Olin began his education in the schools of Iowa and California, and 
returning-, completed his school days in the public school of his 
birthplace. He began teaching in Michigan, in 1870. In 3871 he 
came to Kansas, and has been working in the schools of this State 
ever since. He first taught a country school in Osage covinty, was 
then principal of the Baldwin city schools, afterward principal of 
the Augusta school in Butler county, and superintendent of schools 
in El Dorado. From the last position he was elected to the pro- 
fessorship of English in the Agricultural College. 

Mrs. NELLIE S. KEDZIE, M. Sc. 

Mrs. Nellie Sawyer jff6(^Sie was born in Madison, Maine, August 2, 
1858. The first eighteen years of her life were spent in the country, 
as her father was a farmer. 

Her education was begun in village and country schools. In 
1870, her family moved to Ottawa, Kansas, where she attended a 
private school taught by Prof, and Mrs. M. L. Ward. She spent 
two years in the Kansas State Agricultural College, graduating 
with the class of 1876. After teaching one year in a country 
school, she was employed four years as one of the teachers in the 
graded schools of Ottawa. 

She married Robert F. Kedzie, Professor of Chemistry in the 
Mississippi Agricultural College. After his death, in 1882, she re- 
turned to Kansas, and was employed as teacher of Domestic Econ- 
omy in this institution. The next year the College gave her the 
degree of M. Sc, and in 1887 made her professor of Household 
Economy and Hygiene. 

Mrs. ELIDA E. WINCH IP. 
Mrs. Elida E. Numan W^inchip was born in Warren county. 
New York, September 28, 1849. She attended school at the Glens 
Falls Academy, with a special course in painting and drawing. She 
moved to Topeka, Kansas, in 1872, and taught painting and draw- 
ing in Bethany College for three years. In 1869 she was married 
to Jesse K. Winchip, and they moved to Manhattan, Kansas, in 
1872. After the death of Mr. Winchij), Mrs. Winchip was ap- 
pointed superintendent of sewing at this College. Her work here 
has brought under her instruction, during the past seven years, 
nearly a thousand young women of Kansas. 



86 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

O. P. HOOD, B. Sc. 

The present head of the Mechanical Department, Prof. O. P. 
Hood, was born at Lowell, Mass., June 14, 1865, but from 1861) 
until 1885 his home was Indianapolis, Indiana. He supplemented 
his early mechanical training by one year of study at Worcester 
Technological Institute, Worcester, Mass., and two years at Rose 
Polytechnic, Terre Haute, Indiana, graduating in the first class 
from that institution with the degree of B. Sc. in the Mechanical 
Engineering course. Early training in a shop devoted to pattern 
and model making was further extended after graduation by jour- 
neyman work at that trade in Chicago and Indianapolis. 

After some experience as superintendent of a company making 
surgeons' specialties, he was, in 1886, upon recommendation of 
professors at Rose Polytechnic, selected for superintendent of the 
Mechanical department of this College. He was made instructor 
in mechanics and engineering in 1887, and professor in 1889, still 
retaining the duties of superintendent of shops. 

A. B. BROWN, A. M. 
Alexander B. Brown, A. M., of the chair of Music, is a native 
of Edinburgh, Scotland. He was a student in Oberlin College 
and leader of the college orchestra and band at the opening 
of the rebellion, when he and a majority of the band volun- 
teered, and were accepted for service, in conjunction with com- 
pany "C", afterwards mustered into the 7th Regiment Ohio Infantry 
at Cleveland, Ohio, where he was detailed by Col. E. B. Tyler 
to recruit a band for the regiment and brigade. After receiving 
honorable discharge from the army at Washington, D. C, he pur- 
sued his musical studies in Boston, efraduatino- from the Boston 
Music School with honorable mention, especially as a vocalist. 
After an extended trip through New England in the interests of 
music, being urgently solicited to accept the professorship of 
music and elocution in Olivet College, Michigan, he did so, and 
afterwards finished his literary course in that institution. He was 
elected associate editor of The Olio and Folio., a literary and 
musical journal. He organized the Michigan Conservatory of 
Music and Elocution, in connection with the college, and after 
serving it as director for ten years, he resigned, to accompany the 



BIOGRAPHICAL. 87 



ex-president of the college, Rev. N. J. Morrison, D. D., and the 
local trustee, Hon. S. F. Drury, to Springfield, Missouri, where 
he assisted in the founding of Drury College and the Missouri Con- 
servatory of Music and Elocution. 

For the purpose of completing the prismatic charts, in associa- 
tion with his brother, president of the Kansas Conservatory, he 
removed with his family to Leavenworth in 1881, resigning his 
professorship in Drury and directorship in the conservatory and 
becoming the director of the Kansas Conservatory. In 1883, the 
charts being nearly completed, he accepted a second call to Drury 
College and Missouri Conservatory, where he remained until 1886, 
when he again resigned, and accepted a call to the State Agricul- 
tural College. 

J. S. C. THOMPSON. 

J. S. C. Thompson, Superintendent of Printing, was born at 
Scottville, Illinois, December 7, 1858. He early learned the print- 
er's trade, spending all vacations and spare hours from school in the 
office, until, at the age of eighteen years, he left school and devoted 
all his time to mastering the intricacies of the " art preservative." 
To his typographical labors were added the duties of local writer, 
in which dual capacity he has since acted for the greater part of the 
time. When twenty years old, Mr. Thompson heeded the lamented 
Greeley's injunction and "went west" as far as Marshall, Mo., 
where he was engaged for two years on the Marshall Daily Neios. 
In August, 1881, he went to Stockton, Kansas, where he remained 
for a year on the Record., thence going to Atchison, where he spent 
a short time with the Haskell Printing Company. While here he 
was called to Newton to take a position on the Nev^ton Daily Re- 
publican., then the property and under the management of Hon. 
Allen B. Lemmon. After four years' service as city editor of the 
Republican., Mr. Thompson was elected, in January, 1887, to the 
position he now holds. 

F. H. WHITE, A. M. 

Francis Harding White, Professor of History and Constitutional 
Law, was born in Attica, New York, 1862. His education, com- 
menced in common school, included two years at the Collegiate 
Institute, Attica, New York. After practicing printing and tel- 
egraphy for several years, he entered the United States signal 



COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 



service in 1880; studied meteorology, electricity, etc., at Fort 
Meyers, and served for three years in the chief office of the signal 
service at Washington, D. C. During his stay there he prepared, 
under private tutors, for Princeton University, and graduated from 
that institution in 1887, with special honors in political science, and 
received, after competitive examination, the historical fellowship. 
The next year was spent as superintendent of the Brooklyn Chil- 
dren's Aid Society, which provides industrial schools, assistance of 
different kinds, and hoiues for thousands of children. He was 
called to the chair of History and Constitutional Law at this Col- 
lege in 1888, and made professor in the following year. He re- 
ceived the degree of A. M. from Princeton in 1890. 

C. C. GEORGESON, M. So. 

Charles Christian Georgeson was born June 26th, 1851, on the 
island of Langeland, Denmark. He attended private and public 
schools during his boyhood, and from 1867 to 1872 served a five 
years' apprenticeship in horticulture. Having emigrated to 
America in 1878 he graduated from Michigan Agricultural College 
in 1878 wiih the degree of B. Sc, receiving M. Sc. from the same 
institution in 1882. From graduation to 1880 he was associate 
editor of the Mural New Yorker, New York City, and was then 
appointed Professor of Agriculture in the Agricultural and Mechan- 
ical College of Texas, where he remained several years. From tlie 
beginning of 1886 to near the close of 1889 he was in the employ 
of the Japanese government, as Professor of Agriculture, in the Im- 
perial College of Agriculture and Dendrology in Tokio, Japan, and 
on his return to this country was appointed Professor of Agriculture 
and superintendent of the farm, at the Kansas State Agricultural 
College. 

E. B. BOLTON, 1st LIEUT. 23d INFANTRY. 

Edwin B. Bolton, 1st Lieutenant 28d Infantry, U. S. Army, 
was born and raised in Mississippi. He was a cadet at the Military 
Academy, West Point, New York, from July, 1871, to June, 1875, 
when he graduated and was appointed 2d Lieutenant 23d Infantry. 
He was with his company on frontier service till November, 1879; 
was on detached service as Professor of Military Science and Tac- 
tics at the Mississippi Military Institute, Pass Christian, Mississippi, 
and at the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Mississippi, 



BIOGRAPHICAL. 89 



Starkville, Mississippi^ to March 1883, when he again joined his 
company for duty on the frontier. He was promoted 1st Lieuten- 
ant in February, 1884, and was Regimental Adjutant 23d Infantry 
from April, 1886, to April, 1889. At the expiration of the maxi- 
mum limitation of four years' service in that capacity he served in 
command of company until August, 1890, when he was detailed as 
Professor of Military Science and Tactics at the Kansas State Agri- 
cultural College. 

E. R. NICHOLS, A. M. 
Ernest R. Nichols was born in Farmington, Hartford county, 
Connecticut. His parents soon moved to a farm in northeastern 
Iowa, where his time was spent, till the age of eighteen, working on 
the farm summers and attending the district school winters. In the 
summer of 1878, he taught his first term of district school, and the 
following winter a second term. During the year 1879 and a part 
of 1880, he was a student at the Iowa State normal school. After 
being principal of schools at the village of Luana for a year, he 
completed the course at the State normal school, graduating with 
the degree Bachelor of Didactics. After a year's service as princi- 
pal of Charles City high school, and another year as superintendent 
of Nashua schools, he entered the State University of Iowa as a 
student, devoting most of three years to mathematics and the 
physical sciences, graduating in 1887 with the degree Bachelor of 
Science, and receiving in 1890 the degree Master of Arts. Having 
been elected, in 1887, superintendent of Monticello schools, he re- 
signed after eight days to accept the assistant professorship of 
mathematics in the State University of Iowa, which position he held 
until 1890, when he resigned to accept his present position. 

NELSON S. MAYO, D. V. S. 
Nelson S. Mayo was born near Battle Creek, Michigan, in 1866, 
and worked upon the home farm until he entered the Michigan Ag- 
ricultural College with the class of 1888. Upon graduating he was 
appointed assistant to the veterinarian of the Michigan Experiment 
Station. He completed the course at the Chicago Veterinary 
College, graduating with honors in 1889, and was a special student 
in bacteri )logy under Dr. F. S. Billings. He returned directly to 
the Michigan Agricultural College, where he assisted in the Ex- 
periment Station, and practiced his profession. In 1890 he took the 
Master's degree, and in October was called to his present position, 
the chair of Physiology and Veterinary Science. 



BIOGRAPHICAL 91 



ALUMNI. 

Edgar A. Allen, "87, was born in Iowa in 1866. Since completing his 
course, he has been engaged in teaching, and has been employed as instruc- 
tor in county normal institutes several times. At present he is practicing 
law in Blue Mound, Kansas. 

Emma A. Allen, '89, was born in Indiana in 1869. Since graduation, 
she has been teaching near Manhattan, and is now assistant botanist to the 
Experiment Station at this College. 

Chester J. Allen, '82, was born in Iowa in 1860. He died in 1885. 

Emmett S. Andress was born in the Hoosier State, July 8, 1866. Since 
graduating, in 1884, he has been employed in stock raising near Lakin, 
Kansas. 

Grant Arnold, '88, was born in Kansas in 1866. He has followed the 
occupations of commercial traveling and school teaching, and is engaged in 
the latter at Toledo, Washington. 

Fred H. Avery, who began his existence at Wakefield, Kansas, in 1866, 
was awarded a diploma at the K. S. A. C. in 1887. In the succeeding years 
he has had experience in the mercantile world in Western Kansas, and in his 
present occupation of farming at Wakefield, Kansas. In April, 1889, he 
married Miss Hattie McConnell, of Menoken, Kansas. 

Bertha Helena Bacheller was born at Norwich, New York, in Sep- 
tember, 1866. She received the degree of B. Sc. in '88, and has been teach- 
ing and pursuing a post-graduate course in chemistry and household 
economy at her alma mater since, and is thus engaged at the present time. 

Thomas Bassler, '85, was born in Pennsylvania, March 21, 1859. He 
has been engaged in teaching and horticulture since graduation, and is now 
located at Louisiana, Missouri, in the nursery business. He was married 
August 12, 1886, to Miss Linna Snyder. 

Joseph W. Bayles, of Manhattan, Kan., was born September 15, 1868, 
in Alleghany county. Pa. After graduating in 1889, he attended the Ottawa 
University for a time, and has since been employed as a farmer and school 
teacher. 

Augustine Beacham, a native of England, was born February 17, 1857. 
He received his sheepskin from this College in '80, and in 1884 graduated 
from the Nortliern Indiana Normal School, receiving the degree of A. B. 
He taught school for two years and studied law the following two, being ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1888. He is at present a government employe at Seattle, 
Wash. 



92 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

James W. Berry, '83, was born in Pennsylvania in 1858. He has been 
variously engaged as a farmer, a carpenter and a contractor ever since his 
graduation. He is located at Jewell City, Kan. His wife, formerly Hattie 
L. Peck, is also a graduate of the K. S. A. C. 

Arthur T. Blain was born in Kansas in the year 1860. He graduated 
from the Kansas Agricultural College in 1879. May 7, 1883, he married 
Miss Etta Campbell. For a while he clerked in E. B. Purcell's bank, but 
afterwards went into the grocery business. At present he is living at Duarte, 
California. 

S. I. BoRTON, '90, was born in Ohio in 1867. Since graduating he has 
been farming near Hill Top, Kansas. 

Mary C. Bower was born at Manhattan, Kansas, September 26, 1863. 
She has been employed as clerk in Manhattan since graduating with the class 
of '83. 

Claude M. Breese was born on a farm near Mount Gilead, Ohio, Oc- 
tober 7, 1865. When three years of age his parent^ moved to that city, his 
father having been elected county auditor. When twelve years old, his par- 
ents moved to a farm near Elmdale, Kansas, where he lived and worked till 
he entered this College, in the fall term of 1884. He graduated in '87, and 
in the same year was appointed assistant chemist, which office he still holds. 
He was married to Miss Julia L. Shipman, of Elmdale, Kansas, December 

27, 1887. 

LiLi.iE B. Bridgman, '86, was born at Atchison, Kansas, in 1867. She 
has taken a course in elocution since completing the course here, the re- 
mainder of the time having been employed in teaching in the Argentine, 
Kansas, schools, where she now is. 

Florence J. Brous, of '84, was born in Kansas, in 1863. She attended 
a stenographic and typewriting institute at Kansas City, Mo., and is now a 
teacher in Kansas City, Kansas; address, 838 Packard streef. 

Harry A. Brous, of '74, was born in Pennsylvania, July 20, 1851. He 
graduated from the medical college at Jefferson, Mo., and is now practicing 
at 521 Pine Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Louis P. Brous, '86, was born March 27, 1866, at Manhattan, Kansas. 
He worked for a time as an architect, and is now a topographical engineer 
for the L. & E. Railroad Company, at Eugene, Oregon. 

John B. Brown began his earthly career at Osceola, Iowa, November 

28, 1865. The commencement exercises of June, '87, satisfactorily severed 
his connections with the K. S. A. C. as far as student life is concerned. For 
three years succeeding that time he taught in the public schools, one year 
holding the principalship of Lincoln schools, in Fredonia, Kansas. In the 
latter part of 1890 he entered the U. S. signal service, and as an assistant ob- 
server has done duty at Leavenworth and Wichita, Kansas, St. Louis, Mo., and 
at his present station, Nashville, Tenn. 



BIOGRAPHICAL. 93 



Walter R. Browning was born in Kansas, in 1867. He graduated in 
'89, and since has been working as a civil engineer, in the employ of the 
Union Pacific Railroad, 

Bartholomew Buchli, '84, was born in Versaw, Switzerland, August 
24, 1862. After receiving his degree at this College, he entered the Iowa 
Agricultural College as a special student, and graduated with the degree of 
D. V. S. He is at present teaching in the Alma, Kansas, schools. 

David E. Bundy, '89, was born in Iowa in 1862. Since graduation he 
has been engaged in teaching, having spent some time as instructor in the 
Ponca Indian School. He is now engaged in farming near Blue Rapids, 
Kansas. In the fall of 1890, he was married to Miss Cora Waldraven, of 
Parallel. 

Walter J. G. Burtis, a farmer and fruit grower of Fredonia, Kansas, 
was born at Saratoga Springs, New York, April 3d, 1865. Before entering 
his present occupation he was employed as a teachei*. On December 9th,. 
1890, he was married to Winifred Brown, a third-year student in '87. 

Lewis W. Call, '83, was born in Ohio in 1839. He is at present located 
in Washington, D. C, being employed in the Attorney General's office. 

John H. Calvin, '84, was born in Iowa in 1860. After graduating he 
studied law, was admitted to the bar and is now practicing at Topeka, Kan- 
sas, being associated with W. H. Cowles, formerly a professor at this College. 
In 1886, he was married to F. Henrietta Willard, '86. 

Emily M. Campbell Bohinson, '71, died in 1877. 

Etta Campbell Blnin, '79, was born at Duquoin, 111., March 28, 1861. 
In 1888, she was married to Arthur T. Blain, and at present resides in Duarte, 
California. 

Frank A. Campbell, '90, was born in Illinois, October 22, 1867. On 
July 4, 1890, he was married to Miss Alma Wiley, and removed to Highland, 
Colo., where he is now employed as newspaper reporter. 

Mark A. Carleton, was born in Monroe county, Ohio, in 1860, and 
spent the first ten years of his life in that country. In 1876, he removed 
with his parents to Cloud county, Kansas, where they engaged in farming. 
He entered the Sophomore class at the K. S. A. C. in 1883, intending to com- 
plete the course in three years, but afterward concluded to add a course in 
natural history to the regular studies and graduate with the class of '87. 
During the summer of 1885 he was one of the party sent out by the College 
to collect botanical and geological specimens in Western Kansas. While in 
college he took a great interest in all scientific subjects, was an active mem- 
ber of the Scientific Club, and has been a member of the Kansas Academy of 
Science for the past five years. He was called to his present position, In- 
structor in Natural History and Curator of Museums, at Garfield University, 
Wichita, Kansas, in 1888. 



94 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

Ella S. Child, '77, was born in Kansas in 1856. She is now teaching in 
the Manhattan city schools. 

C. G. Clarke, '88, was born in New York in 1867. Since graduation he 
has been, in succession, a student in "Washburn College, at Topeka, in- 
structor in a college at Erie, Pa., and student in Yale College. He is now at 
New Haven, Conn., in attendance at the last named school. 

Edgar F. Clark, '74, was born in Circleville, Ohio. He taught in Man- 
hattan for some time, and is now practicing law at Ellsworth, Kansas. In 
1886 he was married to Miss Elizabeth Emerson. 

A. C. Cobb, '88, was born in Tennessee in October, 1864. He has fol- 
lowed his chosen trade, carpentry, ever since graduation, and is now located 
at Wagoner^ Indian Territory. He was married in 1887 to Miss Lucy Van 
Zile, of Carthage, 111. 

Mattie Cobb was born in Tennessee in 1862. Since graduating in '88, 
she has been instructor in Lester Seminary at Holden, Missouri, and is at 
present a teacher at Wagoner, Indian Territory. 

Samuel S. Cobb, '89, was born in Tennessee in 1865. He has occupied 
most of his time since graduation as printer, but is now in the drug business 
at Wagoner, Indian Territory. He has been postmaster at Wagoner for some 
time. 

Wm. a. Corey, '84, was born in Kansas in 1862. Since graduation he 
has been engaged in teaching, and is now located at Salt Lake City, Utah. 

H. M. CoTTRELL, born July 29, 1863, in Mendon, 111; removed to Wa- 
baunsee, Kansas, in 1875; entered the Kansas Agricultural College in 1880, 
and graduated in 1884, taking in addition to the regular course a special 
course in chemistry; went to farming immediately after graduating. Mar- 
ried March 4, 1887, to Fannie M. Dorman, a student of the Agricultural Col- 
lege. Took post-graduate course in agriculture and agricultural chemistrj' 
in the Kansas Agricultural College, taking degree of Master of Science in 
1887. February, 1888, appointed assistant in agriculture at the Kansas Ex- 
periment Station. Always worked on a farm when not at school. 

Nellie E. Cottrell Stiles, '87, was born at Mendon, Illinois, Sep- 
tember 22, 1865. On June 30, 1887, she was married to Charles H. Stiles, 
and now resides at Pavilion, Kansas. 

Minnie H, Cowell, '88, was born in England in 1866. After complet- 
ing her course, she returned to England, and is now emploj^ed as a hospital 
nurse in London. 

Lizzie R. Cox Kreyar was born in Clay coimty, Indiana, August 18, 
1860. After graduating in '80, she taught school for six years, the last term 
being in Milford High School. On June 3, 1886, she was married to J. R. 
Kregar, who is at present a stock dealer at Milford, Kansas. 



BIOORAPHICAL. 95 



Ida Cranford Sloan was born in the State of Illinois in 1859. After 
graduating in '82 she was married to J. A. Sloan of the same class, and is at 
present a housewife in California. 

Arthur F. Cranston, '90, was born in Illinois in 1867. He is at 
present studying law at his old home, Parsons, Kansas. 

Edward V. Cripps, '83, was born in New York in 1859. He is at 
present a teacher of elocution, in Boston, Mass. 

JuDSON H. Criswell was born in Newton, Hamilton county. Pa., in 
July 1866. ' He completed the college course with the class of '89, and is now 
a prosperous farmer, living near Manhattan. 

Eliza Z. Davis Stringfield, of Pomona, Cal., is a native of Indiana, 
having been born in Fountain county in 1849. She graduated with the class 
of '73, with only two in the class. In 1876 she was married to J. W. String- 
field. 

John Davis, '90, was born in Wolcott, Ind., in March, 1867. Since 
graduation he has been teaching near Manhattan, but is now on an extended 
visit to his birthplace. 

John E. Davis, '74, was born in 1855. After graduation he studied dental 
surgery, receiving the degree of D. D. S., and is now practicing his chosen 
profession at Oakland, Cal. 

Henry L. Denison, '67, was for a time stenographer and clerk of the 
U. S. Court at Denver, Colo., and is now secretary of the Gulf Improvement 
Co.^ at Galveston, Texas. 

Ei-LA F. Denison Whedon, '71, is married to Chas. O. Whedon, '71, and 
resides at Lincoln, Neb. 

Albert Deitz, '85, was born in Leavenworth, Kansas, November 11, 
1863. Since graduation he has been engaged as a teacher, as a cement man- 
ufacturer, as a general contractor and as a grocer. He is now at Kansas 
City, Mo., in the grocery business. 

Grant W. Dewey, '90, was born in Mound City, Linn county, Kansas, 
1870. A short time after graduating he became assistant photographer to 
his father at Manhattan, Kansas, where he now is. 

Lyman H. Dixon, '88, was born in New London, Conn., November 19, 1866. 
He has been engaged most of the time since graduating as draughtsman, 
being located at present at Bent Caiion, Colo. 

Charles J. Dobbs, '90, is a native of England, having been born at 
Middlesbro-on-Tees, in 1868. He has been engaged in teaching and the 
study of law at Rossville, Kansas, but is now in the oflBce of the county 
attorney at Topeka. 



96 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

Carrie F. Donaldson Brown, '84, was born in Illinois in 1863. She 
was variously engaged as school teacher and assistant librarian at the K. S. 
A. C. until August, 1887, when she was married to George Brown. Until 
recently she has been located in Wallace, Kansas, but is now in Colorado. 

Flora Donaldson Reed, '81, was born in Illinois. She was engaged 
in teaching until her marriage with Corvin J. Reed, of St. Clere, in 1883. 

Florence A. Donaldson, '84, died in August, 1888. 

Frank W. Dunn, '84, was bnrn in Ohio, in 1859. Shortly after graduat- 
ing, he married a Miss Baker, of Manhattan, and later removed to New 
Castle, Colo., where he is engaged in farming. 

Charles W. Earle was born at Manhattan, Kansas, in 1870. After 
graduating in '90 he went to Denver, Colo., where he has been employed as 
an advertising clerk for a business house. His present address is 235 
Thirty-First avenue, Denver, Colo. 

W. K. EcKMAN first saw the light at Waterford, Ohio, on March 15, 1858. 
He graduated with the class of '79, and since that time has been engaged in 
the various occupations of farming, book-keeping, printing and lumber deal- 
ing, the last being his business at the present date. In 1884 he was married 
to Lizzie Woodruff, and they now reside at 1139 Kearney street, Atchison, Kas. 

Albert R. Elliott, of the class of '87, was born November 15, 1868, at 
Atchison, Kansas. Since graduation he has been employed as a ranchman 
and logger at Nederland, Colo. 

Frederick B. Elliott, insurance and real estate agent, of Manhattan, 
was born March 27, 1866, at German, New York. He graduated with the 
class of '87. 

George H. Failyer, M. Sc, Manhattan, Kansas. Professor of Chem- 
istry in Kansas State Agricultural College. ( See Faculty.) 

David G. Fairchild was born on the Michigan Agricultural College 
grounds, in 1869, and spent the first ten years of his life there. He moved 
with his parents to Manhattan, Kansas, in 1879, his father becoming presi- 
dent of this College. He lived here till after graduating with the class of 
'88, when he removed to Iowa to study botany with his uncle. Dr. B. D. Hal- 
stead, who soon after removed to Rutger's College, New Brunswick, New 
Jersey, and Mr. Fairchild accompanied him to continue his specialty in the 
line of botany. In July of 1889 he accepted a position in the Department of 
Agriculture, at Washington. He is at present investigating the diseases of 
nursery stock, at Geneva, New York. 

Paxil H. Fairchild, '86, was born at Lansing, Mich., June 21, 1867. 
After graduating he was engaged in railroad engineering in Southern Kan- 
sas, and in mechanical draughting. He afterwards attended the medical 
college at Columbus, Ohio, and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, in New 
York. He is now a practicing physician, located at 155 Hancock street, 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 



BIOGEAPHICAL. 97 



Mattie I. Farley Carr, '89, was born in Iowa, in 1865. She has been 
engaged in teaching most of the time since graduation, both in Kansas and 
in Washington. She was married April 10, 1891, to Henry Carr, of Ruby, 
Wash., where she now resides. 

Clarence E. Freeman, '89, is an unmarried principal of Shorey Schools, 
in North Topeka, Kansas. After graduating at the K. S. A. C, he completed 
the English course at the State Normal School. For nearly twenty-four 
years he has been a native of Hazelton, Indiana. 

Carl E. Friend, of the class of '88, was born in Michigan in 1869. He 
is now engaged as a lumber merchant, in Ontario, Kansas. 

Ella M. Gale Kedzie was born in Pavilion, Illinois, July 26, 1856. In 
1867 her family moved to Manhattan, where her father was pastor of the 
Baptist church, and afterward Professor of Horticulture at this College. 
The public schools of Manhattan prepared her for entering this College, from 
w^hich she graduated in 1876. She married Wm. K. Kedzie, Professor of 
Chemistry here, who afterward occupied the same chair in Oberlin College. 
After the death of her husband, she was employed as teacher of painting and 
drawing, in Olivet College, Michigan, where she now resides with her two 
children. 

George A. Gale, '76, was born in Vermont in 1854. He is at present 
engaged in fruit growing at Lake Worth, Florida. 

Hattie L. Gale Sanders, '89, was born at Manhattan, Kansas, January 
30, 1871. In September, 1890, she was married to W. H. Sanders, '90, and 
now resides at Lake Worth, Florida. 

Ira D. Gardiner, of the class of '84, began his life near JeflEerson City, 
Mo., on the eighty-tifth anniversary of our national independence. After 
graduating, for two years he tilled the soil, but later entered the editorial 
arena, and is now editor of the Alma News, published at Alma, Kansas. In 
1887 he was married to Ida H. Quinby, '86, of Wakefield, Kansas. 

W. D. Gilbert, '74, was born in 1848. He is now located at Atchison, 
Kansas, where he is practicing law. 

Emma E. Glossop, '83, was born in Kansas in 1863. She is now em- 
ployed as teacher in the Manhattan city schools. 

Albert N. Godfrey, M. Sc, is a native of Iowa, and was born in 1855. 
He received his degree of B. Sc, in 1878. After graduating he continued a 
post-graduate course. He is now engaged in raising fruit and farming at 
Madison, Kansas. 

Abbott M. Green, of the class of '86, was born in Ohio in 1865. Since 
graduating he has been a teacher, and is at present a civil engineer at Santa 
Barbara, Cal. 

John S. Griffing, '77, was born in Kansas in 1855. He is now- a mer- 
chant at Topeka, Kansas." 



98 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

William J. Griffing was born at Topeka, Kansas, Nov. 24th, 1860. He 
graduated in '83, and the following year was joined in marriage with Hattie 
P, Clark. Since then he has been a practical representative of this institu- 
tion as a farmer and fruit grower near Manhattan, Kansas. 

Belle M. Haines Pond, '67, was born at Leesburg, Ohio, August 30th, 
1842. She taught school for a short time, and on the 26th of June, 1878, was 
married to M. A. Pond, and is now living in Topeka, Kansas. 

Emma L. Haines Bowen, of Manhattan, Kansas, was born at Greenfield, 
Ohio, March 18, 1849. She was one of the first graduates from this institu- 
tion, completing the course in 1867. She was engaged in teaching for a 
time, and in 1872 was married to Wm. G. Bowen. 

Phcebe E. Haines, '83, was born in Riley county, Kansas, in 1860. 
Since graduating she has been teaching and pursuing a post-graduate course 
at this college. She is at present instructor in art in the New Mexico Agri- 
cultural College, at Las Cruces, N. M. 

Theophania M. Haines Huntington was born at Greensville, Ohio, 
May 7, 1854. After she graduated, in '72, she taught school till her marriage 
with Joseph A. Huntington, May 20, 1877. January 24, 1880, she died at 
Denver, Colorado. 

J. G. Harbord was born in Bloomington, Illinois, March 21, 1866. He 
lived in Illinois till 1870, when his parents moved to Missouri, where he 
resided until 1878, when his family came to Agnes City, Kansas. From 
seven to sixteen, he attended the common schools of Missouri and Kansas, 
except in 1877-8-9. when he was a pupil in the city schools of Bloomington, 
Illinois. He entered the College September 14, 1882, and graduated June 
9, 1886. From September, 1886, to May, 1887, he was assistant principal in 
the schools of Leon, Kansas. In June, 1887, he was made assistant librarian 
and teacher of telegraphy at the College, which position he resigned in Janu- 
ary, 1889, to enlist in Company "A," 4th Infantry. He was appointed Corporal, 
April, 1889; promoted Sergeant, December, 1889, and promoted to Quarter- 
master Sergeant 4th Infantry, December 10, 1890. From December, 1889. 
to December, 1890, he was Sergeant Major, Fort Spokane, Washington. Ser- 
geant Harbord won medals on the Department of the Columbia and Division 
of the Pacific rifle teams of 1890; and February, 1891, was recommended by 
his Colonel for promotion to a Lieutenantcy. He passed a successful pre- 
liminary examination for the same at Vancouver Barracks, Washington, in 
April, 1891, and at this writing is Candidate Quartermaster Sergeant 4th 
Infantry, at Fort Sherman, Idaho. 

Schuyler C. Harner, '90, was born in Steuben county, Indiana, in 
1868. Since graduating he has taught in the public schools near his home at 
Leonardville, Kansas. 

John K. Harrison, now a railway postal clerk on the Missouri Pacific 
Railroad, was born at Kansas City, Kansas, in 1867. After graduating, in 



BIOGRAPHICAL. 99 

'88, he taught school for a term, and then accepted his present position. His 
address is Salina, Kansas. 

John S, Hazen, '89, was born at Sabetha, Kansas, in 1862. After receiv- 
ing the degree of B. Sc. he entered the U. S. Signal Service, in which occupa- 
tion he is at present engaged at Ft. Apache, Arizona. 

John M. Higinbotham, of the class of '86, was born at Manhattan, Kan- 
sas, in 1867. Since graduating he has attended the Kansas State Universitj^ 
and St. Mary's College in the pursuit of law studies, and is at present em 
ployed as cashier and head book-keeper with the S. F. Stokes Manufacturing 
Co., at 293 Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111. 

George E. Hopper, who graduated from this College in '85, first 
brightened the home of his parents, who then lived on a dairy farm in Seneca, 
N. Y., on the 16th of November, 1861. Four years of his early life were 
spent among the Pennsylvania oil wells, his parents then emigrating with the 
"Greeley Colony" to Greeley, Colo., where they remained during one summer. 
They then moved to Freemont, Neb., and thence to Osborne county, Kansas, 
in 1870. Mr. Hopper was married June 4, 1883, to Miss Margery McElroy. 
Since graduating, his life has been somewhat varied. For three years he 
was foreman of the horticultural department of this College, after which 
his true American desire to manage something led him to become a contrac- 
tor and builder, until 1888, since which time he has been city engineer and 
superintendent of water works at Manhattan, Kansas. 

Maria C. Hopper Getty, was born in New York in 1865. She gradu- 
ated in '86, and soon after was joined in marriage to Mr. Getty, since when 
she has been a housekeeper, her present address being Greenleaf, Kansas. 

Florence F. Hough, '85, was born in Iowa October 23, 1861. She is at 
present at her home in Melrose, Iowa. 

HoRTENSE L. Houston, '83, was born in Kansas in 1861. She is now en- 
gaged in teaching music at Concordia, Kansas. 

LuELLA M. Houston, '71, is engaged in business as milliner and dress- 
maker at Concordia, Kansas. 

Ulysses G. Houston, '81, was born 1860. Since graduating, he has been 
located in Manhattan, as an inventor. Two or three years ago he made an 
extended trip abroad, being baptized in the Jordan by Rev. T. DeWitt Tal- 
mage. 

Walter C. Howard, clergyman in the Methodist Episcopal church at 
Winnebago, 111., was born in Boston, Mass., May 16, 1852. He received his 
degree of B. Sc. in 1877, and in 1886 graduated from the Garrett Biblical 
Institute at Evanston, 111. On the first of May, 1878, he was joined in mar- 
riage to Miss Cassie J. Moore. 

Fred. O. Hoyt, '77, was born in 1855. He died in 1884. 



100 COLLEGE 8YMP0SLUM. 

Emma Hoyt Turner, '80, was born iu Kansas in 1863. She is now a 
housewife, residing in St. Paul, Minn. 

Louis E. Humphrey, '77, was born in New York in 1851. After gradu- 
ation he was married to Miss Carrie Jackman, and is at present engaged iu 
the drug business at Chapman, Kansas. 

Frank A. Hutto was born in Indiana in 1860. He graduated in '85, 
and after teaching for a few years, began studying law at Topeka, Kansas. 
He is now a practicing lawyer of Stillwater, Oklahoma. He married Mis^s 
Lydia Arnold in 1888. 

J. W. Ijams, '90, was born in Kansas in 1867. His address is Ozawkie, 
Jefferson county, Kansas. 

Fletcher M. Jefpery was born in California in 1861. He graduated 
with the class of '81, and was for a time practicing law at Wetmore, Kansas, 
later at Escondido, Cal., and is now at Jewell City, Kansas. 

William J. Jefpery was born in California in 1854. Since his gradua- 
tion, with the class of '81, he has been a minister of the gospel. 

Humphrey W. Jones, '88, began his existence in Lehigh county. Pa., 
November 12, 1854. After graduating from this College he graduated from 
the State Normal school, and is now employed as principal of the Americus, 
Kansas, schools. On September 4, 1890, he was married to Miss Ida B. 
Laurey, of Lyons, Kansas. 

Edwin H. Kern was born in Pennsylvania, May 30, 1859. He received 
his degree with the class of '84, and on March '<.!, 1887, was joined in 
marriage with Miss M. E. Wilson, of Mankato, Kansas. He is at present a 
civil engineer, architect and horticulturist at Mankato, Kansas. 

Clara M. Keyes was born at Wabaunsee, Kansas, in 1868. Since gradu- 
ating, in 1887, she has been teaching music in California. 

Albert B. Kimball, '89, was born at Manhattan, March 16, 1871. Since 
graduation he has been teaching school near Manhattan, Kansas, and is now 
taking a post-graduate course at this College. 

Bertha S. Kimball, at present a post-graduate student in entomology 
and horticulture at the K. S. A. C, completed the college course in June, 1890. 
A term as teacher in a country school has occupied her attention during the 
past winter. She was born at Manhattan in 1872. 

Carrie M. Kimball, '76, was born June 9, 1856, at Goffstown, New 
Hampshire. After graduation she was an art student in Los Angeles, 
California. She has been employed as a teacher and dressmaker, and is at 
present art instructor at Garden Grove, California. 

Fred. G. Kimball, '87, was born at Manhattan, Kansas, August 31, 1868. 
Since graduation he has been engaged in teaching and surveying, and is 
now farming at Garden Grove, Cal. 



BIOGRAPHICAL. 10.1 



Sam Kimble, A. B., was born at Sarahsville, Noble county, Ohio, June 
19, 1854, and came to Kansas with his parents, in April, 1860, and lived on 
a farm five miles west of the present college up to the time of his gradua 
tion at the Agricultural College under President Denison, in March, 1873; 
engaged in the survey of the Manhattan & Northwestern Railway during 
the first year after his graduation; taught school on the Wild Cat during the 
following winter, and then engaged in the study of law the following sum- 
mer, under Hon. R. B. Spilman, and while studying law taught the 
intermediate department of the Manhattan schools for seven months. He 
was admitted to the bar under Judge J. H. Austin, in Riley county, in 
March, 1875, and has been engaged in the practice of law at Manhattan ever 
since. Has served three terms as city attorney for Manhattan, and at the 
November election, 1890, was elected on the Democratic ticket by a majority 
vote of 485, as county attorney of Riley county. He was married January 
1, 1877, to Anna C. Clark, who died in 1878. In 1880, he was married to 
Cora L. Ulrich, and now has three sons. His main contribution to the liter- 
ature of the College was in the nature of an address entitled " Extremes," 
delivered in 1886, before the Webster Society, of which he was a charter 
member. He now devotes his whole attention to law, in which profession 
he has an extensive and lucrative practice. 

William Knabb, a native of Brown county, Kansas, was born June 4, 
1867. Since graduating, in 1889, he has been keeping books in a bank at Hia- 
watha, Kansas. 

Warren Knaus was born near Portland, Indiana, in 1858. After grad- 
uating, in 1882, he took a post-graduate course, receiving the degree of M.Sc. 
He has since been a student and teacher, and is now editor and publisher of 
the McPherson Democrat, at McPherson, Kansas. February 5, 1891, he was 
married to Jennie E. Coburn, of Salina. 

H. EusEBiA Knipe was born on the 23d day of March, 1871, at Manhat- 
tan, where she still resides. She graduated with the class of '90, and is at 
present taking a post-graduate course at this College. 

Emma Knostman Huse, '80, was born in the blue grass State in 1860. 
She has been a teacher, but in 1887 was married to A. F. Huse, and is now a 
housewife in Arkansas City, Kansas. 

Jas. F. LaTourette, '77, was born in New York in 1856. He is at 
present engaged in stock raising at Wagon Mound, N. M. 

Darwin S. Leach, of the class of '81, was born in Wisconsin, 1865. He 
is now superintendent of the city schools at Georgetown, New Mexico. 

Marion F. Leasure, '77, is a native of Ohio, and was born in 1853 
After graduating, he chose as his profession, law, which is his present oc- 
cupation. His office is at La Cygne, Kansas. 



102 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

Mary C. Lee, '89, was born where she now resides, on College Hill, 
Riley county, Kansas, September 20, 1870. Since leaving college she has 
taught two terms of school, and is now at home. 

Allen Lewis, '85, was born in Ohio in 1862. He is now a civil engineer 
in Topeka, Kansas. 

Marion M. Leavis was born in Indiana in 1801. After graduating with 
the class of '84, he attended a theological institute in Chicago, and is now 
engaged in the Baptist ministry at Superior City, Nebraska. 

Nathan E. Lewis, of the class of '88, was born in the State of Ohio 
January 6, 1867. Since graduation lie has attended the Michigan University, 
and is now working as a mechanical draughtsman in the Vilis tcol works, 
of Hamilton, Ohio. 

William J. Lightfoot, '81, began liis life at Maltn, Morgan county, 
Ohio, March 8, 1867. After graduating, he spent one year at the K. S. U., 
and entered the government service as civil engineer, in which occupation 
he is still engaged at Jewell City, Kansfis. His marriage certificate with 
Grace R. Strong, of Manhattan, Kansas, dates June 5, 1888. 

E. Ada Little began the cycle of her life in 1867, at Manhattan, Kansas. 
Graduating from the K. S. A. C. in '86, she took a course in music at the 
American Conservatory of Music in Chicago, Illinois. Since receiving the 
degree of B. Sc, she has taught in the Manhattan city schools, and was for a 
time a teacher of music at Marysville, Kansas. In the fall of 1890, she be- 
came an assistant in the sewing and music departments at the Kansas State 
Agricultural College. 

Nellie P. Little was born at Manhattan, Kansas, 1868. Taking advan- 
tage of a college at home, she completed the course in 1890, and at once 
obtained a position as one of the teachers in the city schools of Manhattan, 
Kansas. 

R. E. LoFiNCK has been a shoemaker, gold miner, stock raiser, clerk and 
merchant since his graduation in 1875. At present he is a jeweler and dealer 
in stationery in Manhattan. He was born in New York City in 1853. He has 
been twice married, his first wife being Miss Maggie I. Wilcox, and his last 
Miss Ella C. Sewell. 

Jacob Lund was born in Denmark, 1857. After graduating with the 
class of '88, he took a post-graduate course, receiving the Master degree. He 
served as foreman of the blacksmith shop at this institution till 1886, whf^n 
he went to Las Vegas, New Mexico, where he is employed as engineer in 
the Hot Springs Hotel. 

Mattie E, Mails Coonsi was born at Manhattan, Kansas, December 13, 
1868. She graduated with the class of '82, and in 1886 was joined in marriage 
with Mr. J. L. Coons, and since has been keeping house at Manhattan, 
Kansas. 



BIOGRAPHICAL. 103 

Abbie L. Marlatt was born at Manhattan, Kansas, March 7, 1869. 
After graduating, in '88, she was employed as assistant in the sewing depart- 
ment in this College till the fall of 1890, when she received the appointment 
of Professor of Household Economy, Hygiene, and Superintendent of Sewing 
in the Utah Agricultural College at Logan, Utah. 

Charles L. Marlatt was born at Atchison, Kansas, September 26, 1863. 
After graduating, in 1884, he took a post-graduate course, receiving the 
Master's degree in 1887, and has been a student in the Columbia College at 
Washington, D. C. He served for two years as Assistant Entomologist and 
Horticulturist at this institution. In 1888 he received an appointment as as- 
sistant in the Department of Agriculture at Washington, D. C. 

Frederick A. Marlatt, the present efficient assistant in entomology 
at the Kansas Experiment Station, was born on the present College grounds, 
in July, 1867. Graduating with the class of '87, he has since continued spe- 
cial work in entomology. His connection with the Experiment Station 
dates from the summer of 1889. 

Ellsworth T. Martin is a Hoosier of 1865. After receiving his de- 
gree, in '90, he became a solicitor for the Gaskell Literary Club, and is now 
interested in a silver mine in Georgetown, Colo. 

Dalinda Mason Cotey was born at East Greensboro, Vermont, on No- 
vember 18, 1858. Early in her life her parents removed to Kansas, and soon 
afterward she entered the K. S. A. C, graduating with the class of '81. After 
graduating, she was, for some time, a teacher in the public school, and later 
took post-graduate studies at her alma mater. In the summer of 1887 she 
was offered the position of professor of domestic economy in the Dakota Ag- 
ricultural College, situated at Brookings, S. D., at a salary of $900 per year. 
She entered upon the duties of her department the following fall, having 
charge of both the cooking and sewing classes, and gave such lectures as 
usually accompany such a course; also had charge of the young women's co- 
operative boarding club. She continued the w'ork in this line until the spring 
of 1890, when, upon her request, her resignation was accepted, as her duties 
took her too much from her own home. On November 28, 1888, she married 
Chas. J. Cotey, secretary of the South Dakota Agricultural College, who died 
June 4, 1890. Since the death of her husband Mrs. Cotey has made her 
home with her brother, S. C. Mason, at Manhattan, Kansas. 

S. C. Mason was born in Vermont in 1857, removed to Wisconsin with his 
parents in 1865, and thence to Kansas in 1871, locating on a homestead near 
Delphos, in Ottawa county. After securing what education was afforded by 
the district schools he began teaching, and so earned the means with which 
to attend the agricultural college, entering in the winter term of 1878. Fail- 
ing health compelled him to drop his studies before completing the course. 
He was married, in 1884, to Miss May V. Quinby, a former classmate, and 
engaged in farming in Clay county till the spring of 1888, when the experi- 



104 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

meat station beinsj organized, he was offered the position of assistant in 
horticulture, which he has since held. The necessary studies for completing 
the course being passed by examinations, he received the degree of Bachelor 
of Science with the class of 1890. 

Charles S. McConnell, '78, a native of Iowa, was born in 1858. Since 
graduating he has been engaged as a printer, but is now in the employ of 
the State at Lansing, Kansas. 

William J. McLaughlin received his degree of B. Sc, from the K. S. 
A. C. in 1887. He was born in 1863, being a native of Kansas. Since grad- 
uating, his attention has been divided between his favorite occupations of 
farming and civil engineering. Communications will reach him at Centralia, 
Kansas. 

Kate I. Meguire Sheldon, a native of the " Lone Star State," was born 
in 1858. She entered the K. S. A. C. in 1878, and graduated in 1883. After 
gi'aduating she held a position as teacher in a mission school. Later she 
went to California and there taught in a private school, and in 1887 she was 
married to M. M. Sheldon, and now resides at Riverside, Cal. 

Alokzo a. Mills, assistant director at the Utah Agricultural College of 
Logan, Utah, was born at Keysville, Utah Territory, August 31, 1863. He 
graduated from this College in 1889. 

William C. Moore, of Junction City, Kansas, editor and part owner of 
the Union, the third oldest paper in the State, was born at Harden, Clayton 
county, Iowa, August 26, 1864. After graduating, in 1888, he became con- 
nected with a newspaper office, first as composer and later as an editor. 

Wilton L. Morse, a native of Kansas, was born in 1867, and graduated 
in 1890. Since becoming a B. Sc. he has been farming and teaching. He is 
at present located at Mancos, Colo. 

Mary E. Moses, of the class of .'87, w^as born at Unionville, Connecticut, 
January 1, 18G6. She is at present, and has been since graduating, a student 
of the languages at Manhattan, Kansas. 

Charles A. Murphy was born in Ohio in 1859. After receiving his de- 
gree from this institution in 1887, he attended the State Normal and is at 
present a teacher in Argentine, Kansas. 

Nellie J. Murphy, '85, was born in Ohio in 1863. She has been em- 
ployed as a teacher at Charity, Kansas, and is now a student of medicine in 
Taber, Kansas. 

Wirt S. Myers, of the class of '81, was born in Iowa in 1859. He taught 
school for one year, after which he went into business as a woodworker in 
Tampa, Florida, where he now is. In 1881 he was married to Miss Viola I. 
Bacheller. 

J. Dana Needham, '83, was born in Kansas in 1862. He is now engaged 
in the mercantile business at Lane, Kansas. 



BIOGRAPHICAL. 105 



Lincoln H. Netswender was born at Gahanna, Franklin county, Ohio, 
February 11, 1862. Since graduation, in 1884, lie has been a farmer and 
civil engineer, and is at present a farmer and stock raiser near Silver Lake, 
Kansas. 

Albert E. Newman first saw light in the mountainous country of 
West Virginia, October 11, 1863. Since graduating with the class of '90, he 
has been a teacher, and is now conducting a stock farm near Lashmet, 
Kansas. 

Ernest F. Nichols was born at Leavenworth, Kansas, June 1, 1869. 
After receiving his Bachelor's degree, in '88, he took special studies at this 
College, and in 1889 he became a student at Cornell University, where he 
now is. His address is 110 East State street, Ithaca, N. Y. 

Susan W. Nichols, '89, was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1868. She was 
employed at the College as assistant for some time, but is at present a music 
teacher, located at 1113 Corby street, St. Joseph, Mo. 

Arthur L. Noyes, '85, was born at Mendon, Illinois. Since his gradu- 
ation he has been engaged in farming, and is no-w taking a course in elec- 
trical engineering at the State University, at Lawrence. 

Walter H. Olin, '89, was born in California in 1862. He has been a 
teacher and farmer, and is at present principal of the Waverly schools, at 
Waverly, Kansas. On November 26, 1890, he was married to Miss Winifred 
Cotton, a former student at this College. 

Eli M. Paddleford, a farmer, of Stockdale, Kansas, was born in Broome 
county. New York, in 1867. His B. Sc. certificate bears the date of 1889. 
Since graduating he has had experience as a teacher in the public schools of 
his county, and also as warden in the Topeka Insane Asylum. 

Orlando G. Palmer, '87, has been employed as a teacher since gradu- 
ation, and is now employed in the pension bureau at Washington, D. C. 

Frank L. Parker, '86, was born in Iowa in 1862. Since graduating, he 
has been a merchant in Surprise, Kansas; address Tildon, Kansas. 

Grace Parker Perry, '80, was born in 1863, and is a native of Kansas. 
After receiving her diploma at the K. S. A. C, she went to Washburn and 
completed the course at that institution in 1884. On July 22, 1886, she was 
married to George Hazard Perry, a minister of the gospel. She now resides 
at Kiowa, Kansas. 

Louis B. Parker, '87, was born at Kansas City, Kansas, in 1867. After 
graduation he followed the newspaper business. On June 24, 1889, he died 
at Manhattan, Kansas. 

James E. Payne, '87, was born in Kansas in 1863. He has emploj^ed 
his time since the spring of 1887 as a teacher and farmer. He is at present 
farming near Edgerton, Kansas. 



106 COLLEGE SYMP08LUM. 

Julia R. Pearce was born August 22, 1863, at Flint, Michigan. Since 
receiving her degree in '90 she has been employed as stenographer and 
cleric in the president's office at this College. 

Geo. C. Peck, a printer, of Junction City, Kansas, was born in New 
York in 1861. He graduated from this College in '84, and since then has 
been employed in the printing trade. 

Hattie L. Peck Berry, '84, was born in New York, 1864. Soon after 
graduation she was joined in marriage with James W. Berry, and since then 
has been keeping house in Jewell City, Kansas. 

Seward N. Peck was born in Saratoga county, N. Y., August 18, 1859. 
He graduated with the class of '87, and has been since employed as draughts- 
man and cabinet maker in the mechanical department of Santa YO. R. R. 
shops at Topeka, Kansas. He lives at 410 Monroe street, Topeka. 

Allie S. Peckham Cordry was born in the State of Illinois, 1863. She 
graduated with the class of '82, and soon after she was joined in marriage 
with Mr. Cordry. She is at present keeping house in Belleville, Kansas. 

Edward H. Perry, '86, was born at Wrentham, Mass., in 1865. He was 
for a time editor of the Eskridge 8t((r, and is now general salesman for the 
Bartholomew and Company's Real Estate and Loan business, at 609 Kansas 
avenue, Topeka, Kansas. 

Emil C. Ppeutze, the youngest member of the class of '90, was born 
September 18, 1872, at Manhattan, Kansas. He has been connected with the 
Manhattan waterworks, in the capacity of engineer, since graduation. 

H. Augustus Platt, '86, is a native of Kansas, and was born in 1862. 
He has been a farmer, and is now county clerk of Wichita county, Kansas; 
address, Coronado, Kansas. 

George L. Platt was born in Illinois in 1861. He moved to Kansas and 
took up studies in the Agricultural College, graduating with the class of '78. 
He died the same year. 

John J. Points, '67, was married to Alice E. Stewart, '75, and is now 
practicing law^ at Omaha, Nebraska. 

Clarence D. Pratt, '85, was born in the Hoosier State in 1865. He 
has been a cattle raiser near Syracuse, Kansas, but is now a civil engineer in 
Salt Lake City, Utah. 

Ada H. Quinby Perry, was born at Wakefield, Kansas, April 10, 1864. 
She graduated in June of '86, and the following October, was married to 
Edward H. Perry. Since then she has been keeping house in Topeka, Kan. 

Ida H. Quinby Oardiner, '86, was born at Wakefield, Kansas, April 
10, 1864. She was joined in marriage with I. D. Gardiner. October 7, 1886, 
and is at present associate editor of the Alma News, at Alma, Kansas. 



BIOOMAPHIGAL. 107 



CoRViN J. Reed, '79, was bora at Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1861. For some 
time after graduation, lie was a surveyor along the Pacific coast, and is 
now a farmer at St. Clere, Kansas. In 1882, he married Miss Flora Don- 
aldson. 

Minnie Reed, teacher of the city schools at Argentine, Kansas, is a 
native of the Buckeye State, having been born at Circleville, Ohio, in 1867. 
She became a member of the Alumni of this College in '86, and since then 
has been employed as a teacher. 

ROLLIN K. Rees, a graduate of '85, was born in Ohio, January 10, 1865. 
Choosing law as his profession, he is at present one of the leading lawyers 
of Minneapolis, Kansas. 

Noble A. Richardson was born in Canada in 1858. He received his 
degree with the class of '80, and since then, has been superintendent of the 
public schools in San Bernardino, Cal. 

Harry E. Robe, '88, was born at Deerfield, Iowa, on New Year's day, 
1867. He has been engaged in carpentry and bridge building, and is now 
farming near Neal, Kansas. 

David G. Robertson was born at Dixon, Ohio, in March, 1864. His 
Agricultural College education was completed in 1886. The principalship 
of the Downs, Kansas, schools in 1887; the study of law at Osborne, Kansas; 
a term, 1889 90, as clerk of the district court of Osborne county, has served 
to occupy the larger part of his time since graduation. In February, 1891, 
he was admitted to the bar, and is at present the junior member of the enter- 
prising law firm of Mitchell & Robertson, at Osborne, Kansas. His matri- 
monial engagement with Miss Hannah E. Coates, was consummated on 
Christmas day, 1888. 

Frederick J. Rogers, '85, was born in Illinois, in 1863. He took a post- 
graduate course in 1886-7, receiving the Master's degree in June of '87. 
From 1887 to 1889 he was instructor in Physics at this College, but resigned 
his position to become a student in the Cornell University at Ithaca, N.Y., 
where he is at present. 

H. C. RusHMORE, '79, is now a prominent hardware dealer at Fort Payne, 
Alabama. 

Lewis A. Salter was born in Michigan in 1858. When 21 years of age 
he graduated from the Kansas Agricultural College, and is now a merchant 
at Argonia, Kansas. 

William H. Sanders, '90, was born in Kansas in 1868. He has been 
employed as a telegraph operator a part of the time since graduation, but is 
now teaching at Lake Worth, Florida. In the fall of 1890 he was married 
to Hattie L. Gale, '89. 

Nellie Sawyer Eedzie, M. Sc, Manhattan, Kansas, professor of 
household economy and hygiene in Kansas State Agricultural College. (See 
Faculty.) 



108 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

Maude P. Sayres, a Jayhawker, of the j^ear of 1869, graduated with the 
class of '89, and since then has been keeping house for her parents at 
Ottawa, Kansas. 

Dorothy E. C. Secrest Hungerford, of the class of '85, was born at 
Randolph, Kansas, in 1862. On October 24, 1885, she was married to George 
H. Hungerford, and since then has been keeping house at Manhattan, 
Kansas. 

Maria E. Sickels Davis, '80, was born in Indiana in 1862. She is now 
a housewife, residing in Chicago, 111. 

Emma Secrest, '90, was born in Kansas in 1868. She has been employed 
this winter as a teacher near Randolph, Kansas. 

Florine Secrest, '89, was born in 1867, at Randolph, Kansas, near 
which place she has been teaching since graduation. 

Belle Selby, '82, was born in Ohio iu 1860. Since graduation she has 
attended the Cooper Art Institute in New York City, New York. She 
served for a time as Professor of Music at Lane University, Lecompton, 
Kansas. She is now teacher of art, drawing and music at 302-304, New 
York City, New York, 

Marie B. Senn, was born at Enterprise, Kansas, in 1870. She received 
her degree with the class of '90, and since then has been employed as teach- 
er in her native county. Her present address is Enterprise, Kansas. 

John W. Shartel, '84, was born in 1861, in Pennsylvania. A short time 
after graduating, he married Miss Effle E. Woods. He has served as couutj^ 
attorney of Chautauqua county, and is now a lawyer at Winfield, Kansas. 

Burton L. Short, '82, was born in Illinois in 1856. He is now in the 
register of deeds' office, Kansas City, Kan. 

William H. Sikes, '79, was born in Illinois in 1858. Subsequently he 
moved to Kansas, and in 1875 entered the K. S. A. C. Since graduating, his 
attention has been given to the mercantile profession. On December 25, 
1884, he was married to Mrs. Hilma Halstead. His address is Leouardville, 
Kansas. 

Edward O. Sisson, the youngest member of the class of '86, is a native of 
England, having been born at Gate's-Head-on-Tyne in May, 1869. Since 
completing the course, he has been engaged in teaching, and is now the 
principal of the Mound City, Kansas, schools. 

John A. Sloan was born in the Empire State, in 1858. Since graduating 
in '82, he has been married to Miss Ida Crauford, and is now a farmer and 
nurseryman in California. 

Anna Snyder began her life at Oskaloosa, Kansas, in 1868. Twenty 
years later she became a bachelor of science, and returning to her native 
town, she has since made that her home. 



BIOGRAPHIC ^U.. 109 



Edwin H. Snyder, '88, was born at Albany, Illinois, August 17, 1864. 
Since graduating he has spent most of his time as a printer, which trade he 
learned at College. He has been foreman for the Riley & Wake Printing 
Co., of Topeka, Kansas, and for the Stidger-Stern Printing Co., of Denver^ 
Colo. He is at present editor and proprietor of the Highland CMcf, ;it 
Highland, Colorado. On December 13, 1888, he was joined in marriage to 
Miss Dora Van Zile. 

Ralph Snyder was the last of the list of Snyder graduates to com- 
plete the college course, his diploma being scarcely a year old. His earthly 
trials began in 1871. His occupations have always been of a strictly pastoral 
character, and he is a firm believer in the principles of the Farmers' Alli- 
ance, but lacks the political aspirations that characterize so many members of 
that movement. His home is at Oskaloosa, Kansas. 

Stanley Snyder was born at Oskaloosa, Kansas, December 21, 1866. 
With the exception of the time spent at college he has always resided in 
his native county. He is one of the few graduates that put into practice the 
knowledge of agriculture gained at the K. S. A. C. He received his degree 
in June, 1889. 

Alice E. Stewart Points, '75, was born in 1854. She is married to 
John J. Points, '67, and resides at Omaha, Neb. 

George E. Stoker, '90, resides at 917 Quincy street, North Topeka, 
Kansas, and does clerical work for the Santa ¥6 R. R. Co., at their office in 
Topeka. He was born at Topeka in 1871. 

Walter T. Swingle, '90, was born in Kansas in 1871. He prolonged, 
his course in College for the purpose of doing special work in botany 
under Prof. Kellerman. After graduation, he was made assistant botanist to 
the Experiment Station, which position he resigned in 1891 to accept a $1,400 
place in the botanical division of the U. 8. Department of Agriculture at 
Washington, D. C. He entered upon his duties the latter part of April. 

Charles W. Thompson, the largest man in the class of '89, was born at 
Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1865. He has attended the Kansas City Dental 
College, and is now studying dentistry at Edwardsville, Kansas. 

George N. Thompson, '87, was born at Belmond, Iowa, in 1863. The 
year following his graduation, he was foreman of the carpenter shop at the 
K. S. A. C, and is now a carpenter at Belmond, Iowa. 

Albert Todd was born in the State of Rhode Island, in 1854. He lived 
in Kansas from 1856 to 1873 ; was graduated from this College in '72. In 
1873, he was appointed a cadet at the U. S. Military Academy, and was 
graduated therefrom in 1877. He was then appointed a lieutenant in the 
artillery branch of the U. S. Army, which position he now holds. His army 
service has been at Fort Adams, R. I.; Fort Monroe, Va.; Vancouver Bar- 
racks, Wash.; Presidio of San Francisco, Cal.; Fort Hamilton, New York 



110 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. ' 

harbor; Pine Ridge Agency, S. D., ( Sioux campaign, 1890-1,) and at Fort 
Riley, Kansas, where he is now located. From 1881 to 1884, he was on duty 
as military instructor at this College. He received the degree of A. M. from 
the K. S. A. C. in 1887, In 1889, he was married to Miss Helen G. Pettes. 

Jane Chapin Tunnell is one of the College graduates that can claim 
Jayhawker nativity, having first looked around on Kansas prairies in the 
summer of 1871. She completed the college course before she had passed 
her eighteenth year, being the youngest of her class, and one of the youngest 
that ever joined the ranks of the alumni. Since her graduation she has 
been employed as assistant librarian at the K. S. A. C. 

Ina M. Turner. '89, was born in Vermont in 1869. Since graduation 
she has been employed as printer at Topeka, Kansas. 

Wm. Ulrich, M. Sc, of the class of '77, was born in Wellsburg, West 
Virginia, August 17, 1854. Since graduation he has been engaged as gen- 
eral contractor in Manhattan. In partnership with a brother, he has been 
extensively engaged in the cutting and shipping of limestone, quarried from 
the hills southwest of the city. He was married to Miriam Failj^er Slieffleld, 
June 7, 



Oliver L. Utter, a native of Crawfordville, Indiana, was born October 1, 
1863. After graduating, in '88, from this College, he completed the English 
course at the State Normal school. Since graduating he has been principal 
of the Olsburg city schools, instructor in the U. S. Indian schools at Ar- 
kansas City, Kansas, and at present is a teacher in Emporia, Kansas. 

John W. Van Deventer, '86, is a native of Carrol county, Indiana, 
having been born at Delphi, June 25, 1858. He observed decoration day, 
1889, by marrying 3Iiss Alice P. Taylor. By profession he is a disciple of 
Horace Greeley, and is at present editor and publisher of a paper at Imperial, 
Nebraska. 

Gilbert J. Van Zile was born in the month of July, 1869. After re- ' 
ceiving his diploma, in 1890, he emploj^ed his time as solicitor for the 
Gaskell Library Club, and is at present engaged in mining operations at 
Georgetown, Colo. 

Ella Vincent MeCormick, '79, was born at Marshfield, Webster county. 
Mo., November 26, 1860. She was married to Geo. W. MeCormick, Septem- 
ber 30, 1880. Since her marriage she has been a book-keeper, in Clay Center, 
Kansas. 

Robt. U. Waldraven was born in North Carolina in 1866. Since his 
graduation, in '89, he has taught school for a time, and is now a farmer and 
stock raiser and Alliance organizer at Winkler's Mills, Kansas. 

Aaron Walters, of the class of '88, was born in Bureau county, 111., 
September 16, 1864. For the past three j'ears he has been engaged in teach- 



BIOGRAPHICAL. HI 



ing and the study of law, in Ottawa county, Kansas. Lately he has been ad- 
mitted to the bar, and is now practicing his profession in Golden, Colo. 

Milan T. Ward, '83, was born in Wisconsin in 1859. After graduation 
he studied medicine, and is now a practicing physician, at Orion, 111. 

George W. Waters, '86, was born in 1860, a native of West Virginia. 
For some time after graduating his time was occupied as a pedagogue. Later 
he received a position of mail route agent. His address is Riley, Kansas. 

LoRA L. Watkrs was born in West Virginia, Feb. 7, 1864. Since gradu- 
ating, in '88, she has been teaching in Junction City, Kansas, where she 
now is. 

William E. Whaley, of the class of '86, was born in the State of Mis- 
souri, 1861. He has employed his time since 1886 as a teacher, and is now 
superintendent of the Manhattan schools, 

Charles O. Whedon, '71, is practicing law at Lincoln, Neb. Shortly 
after graduation he was married to Ella F. Denison, '71. 

A. JuDSON White, of Atchison, Kansas, was born in Bourbon county, 
Kentucky, September 19, 1853. After graduating from this College, in 1874, 
he attended the Kentucky University, then entered the ministry, which pro- 
fession he is still following. He was married to Miss Kate E. Graham, in 
1883. 

Kate E. White Turley, '71, is now a housewife, residing at Chicago, 111. 

Martha A. White Abbott, '67, is a housewife at Chicago, 111. 

Harry N. Whitpord, of the class of '90, is a Jayhawker by birth, and a 
student by profession. He was born in 1872, at Manhattan. He taught 
school for a short time, and is at present clerking in a book store in his na- 
tive town. 

Minerva E. Whitman Heiser, '76, is a native of Pennsylvania. She 
was born in 1853. After graduating, she was married to A. B. Heiser, and 
now resides at Lyndon, Kansas. 

F. Henrietta Willard Oalvin, '86, was born in Illinois, in 1865. 
Shortly after graduation, she was married to John H. Calvin, '84, and now 
resides at Topeka, Kansas. 

Julius T. Willard was born in 1862, near Wabaunsee, Kansas. He 
lived on a farm until early manhood, and in the fall of 1879, entered this 
College with the class of '82, but choosing chemistry as his vocation, he 
lengthened his course one year, in order to devote the afternoons and Satur- 
days of two years to the practice of quantitative analysis, graduating with 
the class of '83. During the last two years of his college course, he assisted 
in the instruction of laboratory classes in chemistry and mineralogy, and on 
graduating, was made assistant in chemistry, to work in that capacity one- 
half the time. The other half was spent in post-graduate study of chemistry. 
He received the Master's degree in 1886. In 1884, he was made assistant on 
full time, and held the position until 1887, when he resigned, to go to Johns 



112 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

Hopkins University, to further fit himself as a teacher of chemistry. There 
he had the great advantage of studying under the direction of Professors Kem- 
sen, Morse, and Renouf. Upon the organization of the Experiment Station 
at this College he was chosen assistant chemist of the Staiion, and began his 
duties July 1, 1888, which position he still occupies. He was married, in 
1884, to Miss Lydia P. Gardiner, a student of the College. 

Henry S. Willard, '89, was born in Wabaunsee county, Kansas, in 1867. 
Since graduating, he has been a teacher in the public schools, and a student 
of medicine at Kansas City, Mo. At present he is pursuing his studies in 
the office of Dr. Kobinson, at Manhattan. 

S. Wendell Williston was born at Boston, Mass., July 10, 1851. He, 
with his parents, moved to Manhattan in 1857, where he lived until gradu- 
ating, in 1872, when he went to Yale College to act as assistant to Prof. 
Marsh, of the department of osteology, and later was made professor of anat- 
omy of that institution. He is now professor of paleontology, and director 
of the University Geological Survey, at the K. S. U. at Lawrence, Kansas. 

Amos E. Wilson was born in Ohio, March 3, 1860. His parents moved 
to Solomon City, Kansas, in the fall of 1872, from which place he entered 
the K. S. A. C. in October of 1875, graduating in 1878. He immediately 
entered into the banking business, which he has since followed, being at 
present cashier of the First National Bank of McPherson, Kansas. On March 
21, 1883, he was married to Miss Kate G. Talpey, of Kansas City, Mo. 

Thomas E. Wimer was born in Iowa in 1863. He graduated in June of 
1890, but two weeks later died at the home of his parents, in Wayne, Kansas. 

John L. Wise, '86, was born in Illinois, 1866. On New Year's day, 1888, 
he was joined in marriage with Miss Nannie Ridgeway. He is at present a 
merchant in Smithboro, 111. 

Grace Wonsetler, of '85, was born in Iowa, in 1865. She has been 
employed as a teacher, near Great Bend, Kansas, since receiving her Bachelor 
degree. 

Clarence E. Wood, '79, was born in 1861. in the State of Vermont. En- 
tering the K. S. A. C. in '75, he received his diploma in '79. Since graduating 
his time has chiefly been devoted to printing, that being his present occupa- 
tion, in Denver, Colorado. 

Efpie E. Woods Shartel, '85, was born in the State of Illinois, in 1864. 
She married John W. Shartel, of the class of '84, and is now keeping house at 
Winfield, Kansas. 

Daniel W. Working, who graduated in '88, was born in Scott county, 
Minnesota, May 9, 1863. After graduation, he located in Denver, Colorado, 
where he was for a time editor of the Colorado Fanner, and is now one of the 
editors of the Fancier and Farm Herald, published at Denver. Aside from 
his editorial work, he has done much to advance the agricultural interests of 
his adopted State. In 1889, and again in 1890, he was appointed on a com- 



BIOGRAPHICAL. 



11-8 



mittee to report on the work of the Colorado Experimental Station. At 
present he is lecturer of the Colorado State Grange. 

Willis M. Wright, '87, was born in 1864:, his native State being Ohio. 
After graduating, he removed from Manhattan to Lake Arthur, La., where 
he is now engaged in farming. 



William Aaron Anderson, 
William Sherman Arbuthnot, 
Herman Willard Avery, 
Judd Noble Bridgman, 
Robert James Brock, 
Francis Charles Burtis, 
Charles Albert Campbell, 
Spencer Norman Chaffee, 
Clay Ephrara Coburn 
Gertrude Coburn, 
Tina Louise Coburn, 
Rachel Callie Conwell, 
Christine Mossman Corlett, 
Mary Emmeline Cottrell, 
Phil Sheridan Creager, 
Kary Cadmus Davis, 
Thomas Clark Davis, 
Helen Pearl Dow, 
Anna Delia Fairchild, . 
Harry Benson Gilstrap, 
Almon Arthur Gist, 
Amy Mj'rtle Harrington, . 
Mayme Amelia Houghton, 
Delpha May Hoop, . 
Willis Wesley Hutto, . 
George Victor Johnson, 
Frank Mullett Linscott, 
Bessie Belle L ttle, . 
Albert Edwin Martin, . 
Nellie Evangeline McDonald 
David Collins McDowell, 
Alfred Midgley, 
Madeleine Wade Milner, 
Paul Chambers Milner, 
Harry Elbridge Moore, . 
John Otis Morse, 
Hattie Maj^ Noyes, 
Louise Reed, 
Artemas Jackson Rudy, 
Henry Vernan Rudy, 
LottH Jane Short . 
Ben Skinner. 
Carrie Scott Stingley, . 
Lilian Alice St. John, 
Ellis Cheney Thayer, 
Sam L. Van Blarcom, 
Fanny Elizabeth Waugh, 
Frank Albert Waugh, 
Flora Emile Theresa Wiest 
Bertha Winchip, 
Alfred Orin Wright, 
Effie Jeanette Zimmerman, 



CLASS OF '91. 



Leonardville, Riley. 
Cuba, Republic. 
Wakefield, Clay. 
Atchison, Atchison. 
Centralia, Nemaha. 
Manhattan, Riley. 
Manhattan, Riley. 
Green, Clay. 

Kansas City, Wyandotte. 
Kansas City, Wyandotte. 
Kansas City, Wyandotte. 
Miinhattan, Riley. 
Guthrie, Okhilioma. 
Wabaunsee, Wabaunsee. 
Kackley, Republic. 
Junction City, Geary. 
Benedict, Wilson. 
Manhattan, Riley. 
Manhattan, Riley. 
Arkansas City, Cowley. 
Manhattan, l■{ileJ^ 
Junction City, Geary. 
Manhattan, Riley. 
Manhattan, Riley. 
Manhattan, Riley. 
Cedarvale, Cowley. 
Holton, Jackson. 
Manhattan, Riley. 
Atchison, Atchison. 
Manhattan, Riley. 
Manhattan, Riley. 
Minneapolis, Ottawa. 
Manhattan, Rilej'. 
Manhattan, Riley. 
Topeka, Shawnee. 
Mound City, Linn. 
Wabaunsee, Wabaunsee. 
St. Clere, Pottawatomie. 
Manhattan, Riley. 
Manhattan, Riley. 
Blue Rapids, Marshall. 
Fairview, Brown. 
Manhattan, Riley. 
Manhattan, Riley. 
Maple Hill, Wabaunsee. 
McPherson, McPherson. 
McPherson, McPherson. 
McPherson, McPherson. 
Manhattan, Riley. 
Manhattan, Riley. 
Manhattan, Riley. 
Troy, Doniphan. 



114 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

FOURTH-YEAR HISTORY. 

The class of '91 is the larorest in the history of the institution, 
and it is interesting to note that the whole number graduated this 
year outnumbers the whole number graduated from this institution 
during the first seventeen years of its existence. A variety of cir- 
cumstances has combined to produce this abnormal class. The 
first and foremost is, that many who entered with preceding classes, 
have been compelled, by financial circumstances over which they 
had no control, to forego the pleasure of being the happy recipient 
of a college diploma until the present year. Others have been 
compelled by the peculiar action of a college organization, known 
as the Faculty, to do likewise. 

A small majority of the class matriculated according to the col- 
lege catalogue in 1887; the Manhattan public schools furnishing a 
large number. With a single exception, all are residents of the 
"grasshopper" State, and all are typical Kansans, — reckless, good- 
looking, wide-awake, energetic, egotistical, self-approbating, prof- 
defying, and domineering. These attributes are characteristic of 
each and every member of the class; " ^?v/o, ex uno (Usee omncs.''' 

As freshmen, these Jayhawker characteristics failed to crop out 
to any material extent, except the good looks, which were innate. 
As sophomores, their egotism began to develop; their patriotism 
displayed itself, not only in the large number of recruits which 
they furnished to the college battalion, but also in the formation 
of "Company Q;" while in the spring when P. M. was the order of 
the day, eight-cent pay-rolls brought to the surface their reckless 
and prof-defying spirit. Their experience as junior orators made 
their self-approbation plainly visible, probably far surpassing that 
of the original author; while their statesmanlike solution of the 
" race problem," their masterful compilations on the ever-green 
question of " labor and capital," with the dextrous manner in 
which they gleaned ideas on historical subjects from the Encyclo- 
pedia Brittanica has excited the admiration of many an enraptured 
audience. Their sleeplessness was manifested, both literally and 
figuratively, in the conception and execution of the highly com- 
mendable idea of celebrating their emancipation from the thralldom 
of farm and garden work through the medium of a grand jubilee 
ball, and in their subsequent ghost dances in the opera house. 



GLASSES. 115 

As seniors, their domineering proclivities were exemplified in 
their selection of a class motto '• We Want the Earth," and in their 
demands for a controlling voice in the general management of the 
institution. 

Their energy found vent in their commercial transactions during 
the course in entomology; in the systematic manner in which they 
evolved fifty-two finished maps from a single delineation of some 
eight years standing; in the untiring efforts which they put 
forth to discover original ideas and illustrations for the benefit of 
the professor in fourth-year agriculture; and of late has been per- 
sonified and concentrated in the seven members who constitute the 
Symposium Company, and who solicit subscriptions from daylight 
till dark, from Monday morning till Saturday night. 

The morals of the class have ever been above reproach. They 
have never taken part in any of the disreputable work for which 
some of the other classes have achieved so unenviable a reputation, 
and they have always endeavored, by their upright conduct and 
the conscientious discharge of their duties, to merit the approbation 
which has been so cheerfully accorded them. Nearly all have, at 
some time during their course, attended Sabbath school, have semi- 
occasionally attended the weekly prayer meetings; some have 
learned to discourse at the Y. P. S. C. E., and all have, so far as 
their financial condition would allow, contributed to the support of 
home and foreign missions. 

Taking it altogether, this class does not differ materially from 
the classes that have preceded it. They hunted botany specimens 
on the same hills; they passed in the same entomological collec- 
tions that have done duty for the last fifteen years; they filled the 
same silos and curried the same bovines; they stole the same brand 
of cider from the same cellar; they told the same jokes, and have 
listened to the same stories in chapel; and when the glorious orb of 
day shall dispel the mists on the morning of June 11, they will go 
out into the same world to subsist upon the same charity that has 
furnished previous classes means of keeping body and soul intact. 

STATISTICAL. 

The class of '91 consists of fifty-two members — thirty gen- 
tlemen and twenty-two ladies. Their ages range from eighteen to 



116 COLLEGE SYMPOSLUM. 

twenty-seven and a half, the average age of the class being about 
twenty-one and a half years. Twenty-three of the class were born 
in Kansas; eight in Illinois; four in Iowa; three in Michigan; two 
each in New York, Indiana, Missouri and Wisconsin; and one each 
in Ohio, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, West Virginia 
and Canada. 

The parents of twenty are engaged in farming; of three in 
stock raising; of three in journalism; of two in the livery business; 
of two in the ministry; of two as vineyardists; and of one each in 
the following occupations: grain dealing, hotel keeping, as mayor, 
as congressman, coal dealing, as postmaster, as college president, 
as photographer, as banker, as physician, as superintendent of 
sewing. Parents of six have no occupation, while two of the class 
are orphans. 

Only ten of the class were self supporting before entering col- 
lege, while the others depended on their parents or guardians for 
their support, and had spent the most of their time in school. 

For their future occupation, ten propose to engage in teaching; 
five in farming; four in housekeeping; four in journalism; three in 
printing; two in horticulture; two in music; and one each in the 
following: telegraphy, taxidermy, engineering and draughting, law, 
floriculture, railroading, electrical engineering, ministry, medicine, 
U. S. Army, and photography. Eleven are undecided as to how 
to best provide for their future welfare. 

As to religion, eleven are Presbyterians, five are Congregation- 
alists, three are Methodists, two are Episcopalians, two are Bap- 
tists, and one is a member of the Christian church. Twenty-eight 
have made no profession of religion. 

As to politics, twenty-eight are Republicans, seven are mem- 
bers of the Peoples' party, five are Democrats, five are independent, 
two are Prohibitionists, one is a Prohibition-Democrat, and five are 
non-committal. 

During their college course, fifteen have been Websters, thir- 
teen have been Hamiltons, twelve have been lonians, eight have 
been Alpha Betas, and four have never united with any society. 

The time spent in college by the members of the class varies 
from eight to sixteen terms. Twenty-eight took the allotted time 
of four years; one completed the course in eight terms; one in 



CLASSES. 117 



eicrht and a half; three in nine; two in ten; three in eleven; four in 
eleven and a half; two in thirteen; three in fourteen; three in fif- 
teen, and one in sixteen terms; the average time spent by the mem- 
bers of the class being' eleven and nine-tenths terms. 

THIRD-YEAR HISTORY. 

Glancing' back over the experiences of past years, the reader can 
perhaps recall a day, of all others, the memory of which can never 
die — the day he entered college. 

For weeks previously, he had tried to imagine what his new life 
would be like. His mind was filled with the buildings and scenes 
pictured in the catalogue, and with speculations as to the character, 
nativity and ability of his future classmates. The day at last ar- 
rives, and with a number of others who have been looking forward 
with the same fears and hopes, he finds himself in the school; he 
sees in reality the buildings, grounds and classmates which before 
he had only known in imagination. He is at last at the College, 
with all the trials and pleasures of his new life before him. The 
first of his trials is the entrance examination. His young, anticipa- 
tive mind had, during the preceding days, greatly magnified the 
rigor of the test, and, timidly, feelingly, like a stranger in a foreign 
land, he enters upon the trial. 

If the reader has known this experience, he can readily appre- 
ciate the situation of the two hundred and fifty girls and boys who 
first assembled at this College September 12, 1888. 

Four years had they before them, years in which their greenness 
should give place to infinite wisdom. The process was to be long 
and painful, and ere its completion their ranks would be greatly 
thinned. But they are now in the last stage of the race; the two 
hundred and fifty has dwindled to fifty, and they are still marching 
on. Each term sees their number made smaller and their wisdom 
made greater. 

It is the purpose of this article to briefly glance over their path, 
and see the steps by which this selection and perfection has been 
effected. 

Throughout its course the class has been remarkable for the 
number of professors it has initiated, the number of botany speci- 
mens collecied, the multitude of insects destroyed, and the great 



118 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 



number, variety and originality of the theories advanced on all sub- 
jects during examinations. 

It is hardly necessary to speak of the various ordeals of the first 
year of l:)ook-keeping, word analysis and botany. There were the 
usual number of excursions, and the beauty of the landscape was, 
doubtless, as effectually marred by the loss of flowers, as at any 
time before or since. 

After a vacation of three months, one hundred and five of the 
first-years of 1888-89 returned to continue their course, but no 
longer as freshmen. They had climbed one round of the ladder, and 
now felt able to master anything the second year could furnish. 
However, this feeling of satisfaction anl power was soon changed to 
one of despondency, for the mathematical professor introduced them 
to the mysteries of quadratics and they soon saw the weakness of 
second-year intellect. The year rolled on and the spring term 
opened unusually pleasant for the class. Before two weeks had 
passed one could see bug nets in all directions, and it is possible 
that a few had bugs in them. During this term, according to tra- 
dition and custom, the boys received a course in farm and garden 
industrial, nicknamed P. M. This course was very thorough, but 
some of the boys were not, and as a result only received eight 
cents per hour, but this did net hurt their consciences any, for they 
knew that it was according to precedent. Although "bug-hunting" 
and P. M. are not the hardest kinds of work, they were all glad 
when commencement came. 

The fall term of their third year opened with about fifty present. 
Friendly greetings was the first order, and when they assembled in 
their class rooms a few well known faces were absent. During 
this term the class made its debut in public, and no one was at all 
surprised to hear some oratory come from their worthy members. 
P. M. was still a part of the programme, and when the class was 
emancipated they celebrated their liberty by a social, given in one 
of the town halls. 

The winter term was a repetition of the same routine which had 
been gone over for years. The most pleasant event being the 
Mechanics' party, given the class by Professor and Mrs. Hood. 
Here all enjoyed themselves and went away feeling that there were 
some advantages in studying mechanics. A few more tales might 



GLASSES. 119 



be told of the present junior class, but these are the principal his- 
torical facts. 

SECOND-YEAR HISTORY. 

The class which entered College in the fall of 1889, was the 
largest freshman class in the history of the institution. It num- 
bered three hundred and seven students — one hundred and thirteen 
ladies, and one hundred and ninety-four gentlemen. Of this num- 
ber, two hundred and eighty-nine were from the various counties 
of Kansas, while eighteen came from eight other States and Terri- 
tories. 

As might naturally be expected, there was much difference in 
the preparation these many students had received. Some were 
graduates of city high schools, some held teachers' certificates, 
some were former students of like educational institutions, but 
many came directly from the farm. 

The ages of the students at entrance ranged from fourteen to 
twenty-five years, the average being about nineteen. The majority 
of the class came from well-to-do families, but a number of the 
gentlemen were entirely dependent upon their own exertions for 
support. The foolish pride often shown by students of other 
schools is an unknown quantity in this class, all recognizing the 
fact that following the plow is as honorable, if not as dignified, as 
wielding the sceptre. Some of the most popular members in the 
class are those who are working their own way. 

The sophomores have an excellent record for scholarship, com- 
paratively few failures having occurred; while in the various in- 
dustrials, they have outstripped all of their predecessors. Among 
the ladies may be found good seamstresses, compositors and tele- 
graph operators, while the delicious dinners and lunches prepared 
and served by their hands have won for them a reputation as model 
cooks. Each gentleman in the class has had at least one term's 
work in the carpenter shop. Some having pursued wood-working 
for five terms are very good carpenters. Others have taken differ- 
ent industrials, and have made good progress. As P. M.ists they 
have earned and received as hearty words of approval as ever 
cheered the gloomy pathway of previous pilgrims through the try- 
ing ordeal of "farm and garden work." 

At play, as at Avork, the class is in dead earnest. Before the 



120 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

end of their freshman year, they had possession of the base ball 
championship, which they still hold against all opposing "nines." 
Although they have no football team of their own, they furnish 
some of the best players for the other teams. 

Nearly all of the members of the class belong to some one of 
the college societies, and are among the hardest workers in each. 
Many of the society offices have been well and acceptably filled by 
second-years. 

Although only half of the milestones of the course have been 
passed, or are in sight, there have been many incidents which will, 
in years to come, yield pleasant recollections. Among them we 
might mention the botanizing trips to File Creek, St. George, and 
Eureka Lake, whither we went in twos, in fours, and in whole 'bus 
loads, to fill our herbariums. How many of those flowers, tortured 
in presses till dry, then glued to paper and labeled carefully with the 
Latin, and better known Yankee names, will some time recall to 
mind the friends we rambled with, the cold dinners we ate, the long, 
happy days we spent in the woods, and the jolly rides home in the 
evenino"! 

And can we, or will we ever forgfet our first " real own " class 
party, given to the Agriculture and Household Economy classes, by 
Prof, and Mrs. Georgeson, where, if the boys did outnumber the 
girls two to one, there were smiles and eatables enough to go 
around anyway? What visions of the supper, which made our or- 
dinary boarding house fare sink into insignificance, will rise before 
our minds, when, with eyes grown dim, we try to read the familiar 
names written on our Japanese napkins by our classmates, on that 
memorable evening years before. 

The "bugs" we collected on our trips to the Wild Cat, up the 
Blue, or to Fort Riley, will sometime be valued more highly for 
the associations they bring to mind, than for their rarity; and when 
that time comes, may we all have forgotten the long and tedious 
hours spent in learning their euphonic, but unpronounceable names. 

A. D. 
FIRST- YEAR HISTORY. 

The class of '94, having been a part of the K. S. A. C. for so 
short a time, has but little that may be said of it in a historical way 
It can be said of this class, however, as it can be said of every other 



CLASSES. 



121 




122 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

class, that it was the lar^^est in the history of the institution. It 
numbers over 850 members, of whom about 140 are ladies, and 210 
gentlemen. Their ao-es range from fourteen to twenty-eight years, 
and they came from every part of Kansas, only a few claiming 
residence outside of the State. They were altogether the best 
looking lot of yoving men and women ever seen together anywhere. 

To be sure, some of them were not very well versed in society 
etiquette, but three weeks' association with the polished sopho- 
mores, accompanied by a careful, though necessarily distant, obser- 
vation of the "tony " seniors, transformed the emerald prep, into the 
straightforward, mind-your-own-business first-year. 

It cannot be said that anything of interest has befallen them as 
a class. The most of them have attended strictly to business; the 
rest of them have left. They have all been to the Scientific Clul) 
once, to prayer meeting once, and some have attended the Y. M. 
C. A., P. M. meeting. They have learned to passively endure the 
Friday exercises, and have had duly impressed upon their plastic 
minds some slight appreciation of the distinction which calls their 
own efforts declamations, and those of the worthy juniors orations. 

They have been to several of the college socials, and most of 
them have learned better than to go again. They helped pull the 
cannon to the top of Bluemont; they were present when the agri- 
cultural professor's horse had his tail cut pompadour; they opened 
the water-hydrants, and they locked the Hamiltons' door. Thev 
have seen everything worth seeing, heard everything worth hear- 
ing, and learned everything worth learning, and if it were not for 
violating a long established precedent, they would graduate this 
Commencement and go out in the world to sponge off their 
relatives, or get fat offices in other agricultural colleges along 
with the class of '91. But, as it is, they will probably keep right 
on in the even tenor of their way for three more years, and when 
the proper time comes, the class of '94 will get their sheepskins ac- 
cording to the orthodox program and leave the College, which will 
be the better for their having been a part of it, and the professors, 
who will be happier for having known them. 



COLLEGE ORGANIZATIONS. 123 



YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. 



The College Younor Men's Christian Association was organized 
November 8, 1885. It had been previously announced that Mr. 

C. K. Ober, secretary of the international committee of college 
associations, would address the students on the history and work of 
college associations with a view to organization, and on that evening 
twenty-five young men met in the Congregational church to consider 
the matter. After listening to Mr. Ober's address and the reading 
of the constitution recommended by him, it was decided by a unani- 
mous vote to organize an association at the College, adopting the 
constitution recommended. At the second meeting, held November 
13, the organization was completed by the election of G. D.Robert- 
son, '86, president, and C. A. Murphy, '87, secretary. 

The regular services were gospel meetings held in the Horti- 
cultural Hall each Sunday afternoon. For the first year the average 
attendance was twenty-five. Two Bible classes were organized the 
following January, and the work in all lines was increased. The 
following year, C. A. Murphy, '87, was elected president, and L. B. 
Parker, '87, secretary. One delegate was sent to the State conven- 
tion at OttaAva. The work of this year showed an increased 
interest, the average attendance at the meetings being raised to 
thirty-two. D. G. Fairchild, '88, was chosen president for the fol- 
lowing year, and W. H.01in,'89, secretary. The next year, 1888-9, 

D. E. Bundy, '89, was president and W.H. Sanders, '90, secretary. 
W. H. Sanders, '90, was president for 1889-90, and H. B. Gil- 

strap, '91, was secretary. The association this year, published a 
directory for new students, and organized a reception committee to 
meet them at the train. The association was represented at the 
Topeka convention by fifteen delegates. 

At present H. B. Gilstrap, '91, is president, and B. H. Pugh, 
'92, is secretary. The reception work at trains was this year con- 
tinued with considerable success. The meetings have been well 
attended, and with good results. At the present time the member- 
ship is larger than ever before. 



124 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 



YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. 



The Young Women's Christian Association of the Kansas Ag- 
ricultural College, was organized November 17, 1885, with Miss F. 
Henrietta Willard, president, and Miss Nellie Cottrell, secretary. 

The meetings were held in class room I, at 4 o'clock, P. M., for 
some months, afterward being changed to the South Society room 
for the convenience of an organ. The time came when it seemed 
desirable to hold the meeting in connection with the students' 
prayer meeting, which then met regularly on Friday evenings, so the 
Y. W. C. A. became a " twilight meeting." This year, the young 
women have held their meetings every Friday evening, occasionally 
merging it into a joint meeting with the Y. M. C. A. To these 
joint meetings all students are cordially invited. 



COLLEGE BATTALION. 



Lieut. E. B. Bolton, 23d U. S. Infantry, commander. 

Judd N. Bridgman, Adjutant. 

George V. -Johnson, Sergeant Major. 

John W. Hartley, Color Sergeant. 

Harry B. Gilstrap, Captain Co. "A." 

Robert J. Brock, Captain Co. " F." 

John O. Morse, Captain Co. " C." 

David C. McDowell, Captain Co. " B." 

George W. Wildin, Captain Co. "E." 

Alfred Midgley, Captain Co. " D.'" 

A. A. Gist, Captain of Battery. 



COLLEGE ORGANIZATIONS. 



125 



COLLEGE CADET BAND. 



Prof. A.. B. Brown, 
A. E. Campbell, 
F. A. Waugh, 

E. M. S. Curtis, 
C. B. Selby, . 
Chas. Lyman, . 
S. R. Moore, 

A. A. Gist, 

F. F. Baxter, 

C. R. Hutching?, 

E. L. Frowe, 

R. A. ClarU, . 
C. A. Bailey, . 
W. E. Smith, . 

G. C. Gentes, 

F. J. Bartel, . 



Director. 
Piccolo, 
B flat Flute, . 
B-flat Clarinet, 
Solo B-flat Cornet. 
1st B-flat Cornet. 
2d B-flat Cornet. 
Solo Alto. 
1st Alto. 
1st Tenor. 
2nd Tenor. 
Slide Trombone. 
Baritone, 
E-flat Tuba. 
Snare Drum. 
Base Drum. 



Secretary. 

President and Leader. 



Treasurer. 



INDUSTRIALIST. 



Edited by the students and faculty, and published weekly. 

Student Editors: Tina L. Coburn, Geo. V. Johnson, and Ben 

Skinner. 



120 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 



SCIENTIFIC CLUB. 



The propriety of organizing a society for individual improve- 
ment in the natural and allied sciences, had been discussed and 
advocated by a portion of the faculty and a number of the advanced 
students, for nearly a year. In order to take some definite action 
upon the matter, the following named persons met in the Physical 
Laboratory, on Friday evening, January 80, 1880: Professors 
Failyer, Popenoe and Graham, and students D. S. Leach, A. 
Beacham and W. Knaus. It was unanimously agreed to organize 
a society for the purpose above named. After some discussion as 
to scope of the work to be undertaken by the society, the meeting 
adjourned to meet in one week, with the understanding that the 
professors present should bring the matter before the faculty, and 
request its consent to make the society a permanent organization. 
The next week, the same half dozen met, pursuant to adjournment, 
and, after some discussion, named the organization the " Scientific 
Club of the Agricultural College," and adopted a constitution. 
Professor G. H. Failyer was elected president, and a scheme for 
future work was laid out. For convenience of work, the club was 
divided into sections as follows: A, Biology; B, Botany; C, Chem- 
istry; D, Physics; E, Engineering; F, Zoology; G, Geology. To 
this list was added, in the fall of 1890, an Electrical division. The 
club, although it has labored under many disadvantages, has car- 
ried on a vast amount of original research, and aided greatly in 
disseminatiniT scientific knowledofe. 

The club meets the fourth Friday of each month, ( providence 
permitting ) and is open to both ladies and gentlemen. 

Professor I. D. Graham is now president, and Bertha Bacheller 
secretary. 



lONnm SOCIETY. 127 



IONIAN SOCIETY 



HISTORY. 
During the spring term and summer vacation of 1887, the ques- 
tion of a young ladies' literary society was agitated to a consider- 
able extent. The first day of the fall term of '87 found a group of 
girls engaged in discussing the advisability of making such a move. 
Finally, with the aid and approval of Mrs. Kedzie, the plan was 
tried. Committees were appointed to draw up a constitution and 
by-laws, under which officers were elected as follows: 

Julia R. Pearce, President. 
Dora Van Zile, Vice-President. 
Nellie P. Little, Recording Secretary. 
Carrie K. Hunter, Corresponding Secretary. 
Tina Louise Coburn, Marshal. 

Twenty-three organizing members were enrolled. Their names 
are as follows: 

Alice Abbott, Carrie K. Hunter. Anna Snyder, 

Allie Atwood, Doris Kinney, Jane Tuunell, 

Gertie Coburn, Mary Lee, Alice Vail, 

Tina L. Coburu, Nellie Little, Dora Van Zile, 

Minnie Cowell, Tulliola McCormick, Fanny Waugh, 

Eunice Donaldson, Susan Nichols, Flora "VYiesl, 

Anna Fairchild, Josie Pearce, Esther Zeitz. 

Franc Green, Julia Pearce, 

The progress of this new society was watched with much inter- 
est by everyone, and the faculty thought there was no harm in try- 
ing the experiment. 

Meetings were held in the north corridor until the fall of '88, when 
the southeast room in the third story was given to the Hamilton and 
the Ionian societies as their future meeting place. By them it was 
transformed from a bare, uninviting room to the cosy, well-furnished 
society room which it now is. The society has grown until now it 
is one of the strongest of the four literary organizations, and has a 
membership of over sixty. The large and constantly increasing 
membership will necessitate more spacious apartments in the near 
future. 



]28 



COLLEGE STMPOSLUM. 



The object of the society is, as stated in the words of the pre- 
amble of the constitution, "For our mutual improvement and the 
cultivation of the forensic art, literature, and music." In the years 
the society has existed and flourished, it has more than accomplished 
the objects stated in the few words of the preamble. Parliamentary 
rulings in the society have never been extensively practiced, be- 
cause the work of the society has ever been so harmonious that 
much knowledge of these rules has never been necessary. 

The ladies who have presided over this society are in order as 
follows: 

Fanny E. Waugh, fall, '89. 

Julia R. Pearce, winter, '90. 

Mayme A. Houghton, spring, '90. 

Tina L. Coburn, fall, '90. 

Alice Vail, winter, '91. 

Maude E. Whitney, spring, '91. 

In the spring term of '90 the society, as its first effort at public 
entertainment, ventured to give an exhibition. The effort was pro- 
nounced by all one of the very best entertainments of the kind 
ever given in the college chapel. The second annual exhibition, 
given April 24, 1891, was considered an improvement, if possible, 
on the one given April 25, 1890. 

We can but hope that the society will exist in the years to come 
as a necessary part of the K. S. A. C, and that its work and influ- 
ence will aid many Kansas girls to become good, true women. 

PRESENT ATTENDING MEMBERS. 



Julia R. Pearce, fall, '87. 
Anna Snyder, winter, '88. 
Minnie Cowell, spring, '88. 
Jennie C. Tunnell, fall, '88. 
Susan W. Nichols, winter, '89 
Gertie Coburn, spring, '89. 



Gertie Coburn, 
Tina L. Coburn, 

EflBe Gilstrap, 
Susie Hall, 

Inez Avery, 
Mildred Frost, 
Jessie Hunter, 
Maude Knickerbocker, 
Mary Lyman, 
Edith McDowell, 



'91. 
Mayme Houghton, 
Lotta Short, 

'92. 
Alice Vail, 
Ora Wells, 

'93. 
Eusebia Mudge, 
Lizzie Myers, 
Bessie Morrison, 
Clara Pender, 
Ida Pape, 
Kate Pierce, 



Carrie Stingley, 
Fanny Waugh. 

Maude Whitney, 



Mary Pierce, 
Ada Rice, 
Jennie Selby, 
Clara Short, 
Phoebe Turner, 
Dora Thompson, 
Jessie Whitford. 



IONIAN SOCIETY. 



129 



Emma Adams, 
Carrie Beatty, 
Florence Corbett, 
Mabel Cornell, 
Verta Cress, 
Elsie Crump, 
Daisy Day, 
Flora Day, 
Lillian Davis, 
lone Dewey, 



'94. 
Harriet Dodson, 
Josie Finley, 
Maria Hanlin, 
Gertrude Ilaulenbeck, 
Marie Haulenbeck, 
Blanche Hayes, 
Rena Helder, 
Alice Horton, 
Ivy Kellerman, 
Minnie MofEett, 



Ellen Nilson, 
Martha Pape, 
Lottie Puckett, 
Mabel Selby, 
Lillie Secrest, 
Ida Staver, 
Emma Stump, 
Jessie Tinkham, 
Hilda Walters, 
Myrtle Whaley, 
liannah Wetzig. 



THE OLD WORLD AND THE NEW. 



BY JULIA R. PEABOE. 



[An address at the First Auaual Exhibition of the Ionian Society, of the 
State Agricultural College.] 

Europe is a continent of literature, America a continent of in- 
vention. These two, placed on opposite sides of the earth, with 
the rolling Atlantic between, are not more widely separated in 
their position than they are in their characteristics. 

Europe, by her broken surface and irregular coast line, is di- 
vided into small nations, each living so distinct from the other that 
entirely different languages may sometimes be found on the oppo- 
site sides of a mountain. America, with her sweeping prairies and 
vast extent, is peopled with one nation, the American, as it were, 
with one purpose, one interest, from Cape Horn to Baffin's Bay. 
The Europeans, reared for ages in the narrow confines of small 
districts, hemmed in by mountains, have had to let their minds 
soar upward, the only outlet; so their productions have been ideal- 
istic, and on their roll of fame are names of great sculptors, poets, 
dramatists, artists, and singers. The myths and legends which are 
to be found among every petty tribe gave food for poetic fancy. 
The stability of their institutions gave but little chance for change 
and reformation. Each man lived the life laid down for him and 
never felt the restless activity of the American, who knows that 
each man's fortune depends upon his own exertions. Here, the 
trials and privations of a pioneer's life left no room for dreaming. 
He must depend on labor and inventive orenius to furnish him the 



180 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

tools which he could not afford to have sent from Europe. The in- 
tense activity of the American people is in direct contrast to the 
life of the plodding peasant. The rush of business and whirr of 
machinery has taken the place of the speculation and theory of the 
European. Europe has a poet or a poet's memory in every glade. 
America has a whittling Yankee at every gate post. 

And that Yankee! Compare him with the stolid, slow going, 
indifferent German, and you have the types of the New World and 
the Old. From the well fed Englishman, who spends three hours 
at his dinner, to Hans Schmidt, who sits smoking with his compan- 
ions and drinking beer in the coffee house, on south to the indolent 
Spaniard and Italian, who spend their days lolling in the sun and 
their nights in amorously rattling the Castanet or twanging their 
guitars, all Europe has been content to do as their fathers have 
done. The same old latch, the same old plow, the queer, uncom- 
fortable furniture will do, as it has done for ages. 

The Yankee, the inventive, the inquisitive, honest hearted Yankee 
is a product of America only. His native haunts were among the 
hills of New England; but he went west. His descendants scat- 
tered all over this glorious continent, and may now be found any- 
where on the road from Terra del Fuego to Behring Straits, till all 
the Americas have been Yankeefied. What is the characteristic of 
the Yankee that distingviishes him from the European? Go into 
any New England home for your answer. He will hasten to show 
you his new lock, hinge, wrench, a gate that will open when the 
carriage approaches and close when it is passed, or a machine for 
baking buckwheat cakes, into which you put the batter and receive 
in three minutes a hot cake. All about his premises are multitudes 
of these little labor saving contrivances which he proudly shows to 
foreigners, and explains the details and how they all work; for 
everything works from the patented lemon squeezer to a steam 
engine or the Atlantic cable. Everything he knows he applies. 

This application of scientific truth is characteristic of the 
American. He hasn't the turn for the careful investigation of the 
true scientist merely for the love of it. The European investi- 
gates; the American applies the principles. Nowhere in America 
do we find such universities as they have in Germany. They study 
science as a purely intellectual gymnastics, and the American, tak- 



IONIAN SOCIETY. 131 



ing their knowledge, applies it to the needs of mankind; makes it 
carry his burdens, light his houses and streets, print his books, or 
even talk for him, as the phonograph now does. The foundation of 
science lies in the fact ''of the indestructibility of the two products 
of creation — matter and force, and the fruit of their union — energy." 
It has been the work of the American to apply this energy. The 
Frenchman Boursuel could discover the principles of transmitting 
sound to a distance; but it took Graham Bell to make the tele- 
phone. Jablakoff could introduce electric candles; but it took an 
American to produce the electric lighting system. A European 
could predict the steamboat and possibly tell you how it might be 
made; but it took a Yankee to make it and make it go. While 
the Old World swung the scythe, McCormick made his famous 
reaper. For ages sewing girls stitched patiently away until a 
Yankee comes forward with the sewing machine. We have no 
Darwin, no Pasteur; but we have Cyrus Field and we've an 
Edison. 

A nation that contributes nothing to civilization and the pro- 
trress of the human race has little rio-ht to its existence. What 
claim has the United States on the recognition of the world? Has 
she paid the debt of nation to nation? Let her records answer. 
No American need blush for his country's share in the production 
of the world's good, as he sends his messages across the continent 
or across the ocean on Yankee telegraph lines and Yankee ocean 
cables. The Arabian carried his civilization to the x\tlantic Ocean 
and turned back. The Yankee doesn't stop for any Atlantic Ocean, 
but sends his steamers over it, his cables under it, and his torpedoes 
through it. 

Take from the world the work of Edison alone, and we would 
feel what America has done for civilization. This man, with his 
ceaseless activity, his inventive genius, simple in his habits, frank 
and cordial in his manner, keen in observation, quick to see and ap- 
ply whatever may be put to his use, independent, practical in all 
his work, he combines the qualities and attributes of a typical 
American. 

The dream of Henry Clay was "a continent of closely allied 
Republics., settling all difficulties and differences in an occasional 
Congress on the Isthmus of Darien, wherein the honorable giant 



182 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

from Patag'onia might join in harmonious debate with the honorable 
dwarf from Greenland." Whatever may be the future of our con- 
tinent, the remotest parts united by the telegraph line, and one, 
two, three, four messages at the same time, and on the same wire, 
are flashed from ocean to ocean, from Arctic to Antarctic, when by 
means of the telephone and phonograpli the pastor of Trinity Church 
preaches on Sunday morning to a congregation seated in their 
homes in Alaska, in California and in Chili, we will indeed be one 
people, and a man's neighbors will be the inhabitants of the Ameri- 
can continent. 

We will not shrink from the comparison of European Bard 
with American Inventor. As electricity sheds its beautiful light 
over American city and European city alike, sending its intense 
rays into the darkest alleys and byways, lighting the pathway of 
the traveler, or revealing the haunts of crime, so American science 
and Yankee ingenuity have sent their light to all the human race, 
enlightening with knowledge the darkest corners of the earth. And 
when, in the final marshalling of the nations, the benefactors of man- 
kind shall be brought face to face, the Yankee will be given his 
reward, and Shakespeare will step across the ages to shake hands 
with our Edison. 

YOUNG AMERICA. 

[Oration delivered at the Ionian Annoal, 1891, by Gertie Coburn.] 

The modern girl, being an interesting creature, is much talked 
of, praised, blamed, loved and laughed at. Her brothers seem to be 
rather neglected, but while they are less popular and lovable they 
are fully as interesting and important. In this fast age the young 
people are accused of much nonsense, giddiness and mischief, but 
our best friends believe that we have a good deal of seriousness 
and practical sense ready when occasion demands it. While others 
are talking about us we may well turn our attention for a few min- 
utes to ourselves, and, recognizing the fact that we boys and girls 
of this generation are about taking our places as the men and wo- 
men of America, look soberly behind, joyfully around, and hope- 
fully before us. 

To feel our insignificance and weakness and inability, we have 
only to face the fact that for the first quarter of the 2()th century 
the security, prosperity and glory of our nation depends on young 



IONIAN tiOCIETY. 183 



America personally. To realize our strencrth, and gain cournoe 
for the race before us, we need only to make a little inventory of 
our wealth, advantages, privileges and abilities, and remember 
from whom we inherit strength, perseverance and energy. 

In general, we occupy a position unparalleled in the history of 
the nations. T know it is the tendency of history and biography, 
poetry and romance, to make us think our ancestors far above us in 
every way. If a little distance lends enchantment, much lends 
more, and the farther back we go the more glowing the colors be- 
come, until in the "remotest antiquity," in "the glory that was 
Greece and the grandeur that was Rome," are found subjects suf- 
ficiently indefinite and obscure to exhaust our vocabularies in lau- 
dation, when we scarcely know what we are talking about. But it 
does not take an extreme optimist to believe that the great and 
good people have not all disappeared from the earth, and that their 
posterity are not all inferior and deteriorating. \Yithout taking into 
account the scum and driftwood of society, notice the position of 
young America as a whole. 

It has been said that the chief corner stone of a nation is the 
hearthstone. Then our national corner stone is the nearest per- 
fect ever yet found. With houses all that science, art and skilled 
labor can make them ; with furnishings and conveniences to make 
all comfort and save much labor; with cookincr reduced to a sci- 
ence, and eating to an art; with books and papers for all, and time 
to use them; with music and healthful amusements; with everything 
material that brain and hand and money can produce, — where can 
history show its equal? 

Not far back we find no schools for the masses. Yet we do not 
remark at the idea of having a college on every hilltop and a 
school house in every valley, where boys and girls, black, red and 
white, may be educated as far as they desire. Our own grand- 
mothers saw little of their brothers after school days began until 
marriage brought them together again, — the boys educated at col- 
lege, the girls over work basket and kitchen table. Now brother 
and sister go up the hill of learning together. He carries her 
books and she helps him with hard lessons, while she is awarded the 
Torrey prize at Harvard and outdoes the senior wrangler at Cam- 
bridge. She takes physical training as well as mental, and from her 



134 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

complexion, figure and activity it is evident that she is not deterio- 
rating, lioys and girls stand side by side in class room and on 
play ground, and their clear brains, broad chests, firm muscles, and 
whole physique promise the emancipation of a race from much of 
its former weakness and affliction. 

The effects of modern education appear prominently in social 
life. Girls have acquired strength and individuality that give them 
the name advanced, and I believe they are just as gentle and lady- 
like still, though they make little tatting and talk much sensible 
truth. Their brothers are modest, sensible, brotherly fellows, with 
just as much wit and gallantry and more real manhood and purity 
than had the knights of old. They are not loungers nor dandies. 
Someone has said of the American gentleman, "His wholehearted- 
ness, his broad, liberal thought, his nobility of soul are a glory to 
the nation and an honor to all mankind." The American woman 
believes that and tries to deserve her place beside him. And so 
equality in society — the narrowing of the difference between social 
requirements of boys and girls, is elevating both. 

In the business world able laien are needed to carry on the work 
of our fathers, and the right young men are ready in schools, on 
farms, in office and factory and shop and store — ready to make the 
country more prosperous still. 

In public affairs the men now gone have made us great, and 
now our brothers are ready to do their part in guiding the ship of 
state safely through peaceful seas and possible storms. With the 
demand will appear men as grand and powerful as our Washington 
and Hamilton and Lincoln and Webster and Clay, from those who 
find in their names inspiration to higher thoughts and stronger 
efforts. With another war our brothers would fight as bravely and 
as well as any men of former days. 

The young woman has a large field in which to use her power 
and ability. She is not clamoring for suffrage, but she takes an 
interest in public affairs, chooses and makes her career, earns her 
money, sees the world, and doesn't have to marry for money or pro- 
tection. Still she makes the more devoted helpmate, efficient 
home-maker and womanly woman. 

As we look around, we see from what fields are to come the 
men and women of to-morrow, in every department of life and work. 



IONIAN SOCIETY. 135 



Looking' back from the heights where we stand, we may say with 
another, " We need no sign in the sky to assure us that a power 
greater and a plan more far reaching than any of man have been 
concerned in the progress;" and looking forward toward a new 
century, "it does not seem presumptuous to expect that consumma- 
tions are still to be reached more delightful and stupendous." 
Make the picture what you will. Look through the coming years 
and see in America " the true home, the pure church, the righteous 
nation, the great, kind brotherhood of man." And then with such 
an ideal to be reached and kept by young America collectively, we 
may find inspiration for our individual living and thinking and 
working; and when our country is given the praise and honor due 
it, we, having done our part, may make an honest claim in saying, 
"We, too, are Americans." 



How dear to our hearts are the memories of Ag. Chem., 
Which tells us how turnips are properly grown, 

Where Prof., with his bald head and the book he puts grades in, 
Was worried by notes in the days that are flown. 

We studied of drainage, of tillage, of composts. 

Of everything horrid the author could say, 
Till at last the term ended, and with it our sorrows, 

But the memory will linger for many a day. 



IONIAN SOCIETY. 137 



THE MUSIC OF LIFE. 

Do you hear that simple music, that rippling melody? 'Tis the 
mind of a little child growino'. Music is crude, the harmony is not 
complete; occasionally there is a discord. The air is simple, very 
simple. But as his horizon widens instruments are added and it 
becomes a symphony, simple yet, but growing musical. Thoughts 
are added, experience comes, and the player becomes more skillful. 

As a child emerges into youth, the chords strike fuller tones, 
the harmony is richer, sweeter; he hears the sweet alluring melo- 
dies of love. The tinkling notes of laughter; above and louder, 
the martial notes of ambition cause him to step quicker and his 
face to flush with honest hopes; behind it, pervading all, are the 
harmonious undertones of hope and mother's love. This grows 
fainter as the clash of louder instruments break on the vibrating air. 

The boy is a man, the whole orchestra is playing its loudest, 
fullest notes. There is the clash of the business world, the shrieks 
of the pipes and flutes as the struggle for rights and existence goes 
on; the groans of the bassoon as they rise and fall with success or 
reverse. At first this is all that the ear catches. As you draw 
nearer you hear the fuller cadence of friendship and morality. "Love 
took up the harp of life and smote on all the chords with might." 
A fine ear may hear still sweeter and sadder notes. "If singing 
breath and echoing chord to every human pang were given, what 
endless melodies were poured — as sad as earth, as sweet as heaven." 
The music is now sweeter, softer; no clashing of cymbals, but an 
even, full tone. But soon one instrument after another grows 
harsh, makes a discord ' and is silent; the others play on a sweeter 
cadence, seemingly trying to recall the melodies of early life, but 
succeeding only in a peculiarly sad music of their own, growino- 
fainter and fainter, but sweeter still — then all is silent. As sounds 
of nature are caused by vibrations of the air, which widen out until 
tliey are beyond the scope of the human ear, being too high or too 
low, they are still vibrations, and travel on from universe to uni- 
verse; so the music of life, though extinct to our ears, is still vibrat- 
ing its influence on and on in an ever widening circle. Perhaps it 
is heard in heaven. .Julia Pearce. 



138 



COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 




IONIAN SOCIETY. 189 



THE HAMILTON POETRY GRINDER. 

As I was editing the Oracle once, I came to the "poet's corner," 
but the Ionian poetry machine had for some time past been sadly 
in need of repairs because of almost constant use by previous ed- 
itors. So, when I took hold of the ever faithful crank, confident of 
hearing some sweetly melodious rhyme, I was horrified and aston- 
ished to hear only, 

"Of all sad words of tongue or pen, 

The saddest are these, ' It might have been.' " 

With a sneeze and a choke, followed by a low, sad sob, it sank 
to silence — "silence kept forevermore." All was darkness; the 
future was all a blank to me. I sat upon the floor and shrieked and 
moaned and tore my hair, but all to no avail. The same oppressive 
silence was unbroken save by the loud beats of my heart. Sud- 
denly I heard a step upon the stairs; some one was coming. T 
hastily stuffed the poor grinder under my apron, and assumed a 
sweet, winning smile. An idea, a bright idea, had taken possession 
of my soul. I would borrow the Hamilton's grinder. I poured 
my woful story into the marshall's sympathizing ears, and by using 
a few briny tears as a clinching argument, I gained the grinder. 
O! now I was happy; and with profuse thanks, I hurried home, 
faithfully promising to care well for the precious object. The kind 
marshal had given me a list of the subjects on which the machine 
would work, so I sat down and joyfully chose "Who was it?" 
turned the crank, and out came, 

" Who was it rang the college bell? 
Who was it made its music swell? 
Who was it bound us in its spell? 

You tell! You tell!" 

How provoking! I had certainly expected to hear who it was 
that had so disturbed our slumbers. I started again, "The Junior." 

" How dear to my heart are the thoughts of the junior, 
When fond recollections recall him to mind. 
The junior, the junior, the huge pomi^ous junior^ 
The dear little junior who — who — who." 

Then a dead stop. Well! Well! Perhaps the grinder had 
turned that out too often already. Surely the Hamiltons haven't 



140 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

used the "I want to be an angel" tune much; but I am mistaken, 
for out comes, 

" I want — — to be — — a Hamp (cough) 
I want — — to be — — a Hamp (try again and see if j'ou can't 
get a little further). 

I want — — to be — — a Ham — — ilton, 
And with — — their lord — — ships sit; 
A real — — idea — — within — — my brain, 
A song — — upon — — my lip." 
This is terrible — sit and lip. I haven't any decent poetry yet. 
"Spring." 

" The balmy days of spring have come, 
The sweetest of the year. 
While flowers bloom so bright and gay. 
We'll dry up every tear." 
That's not my style of spring poetry. It won't do. Try again. 
" Sorrow." 

"When apple trees bloom and mocking birds sing, 
My old sorrow wakes and moans, 
For I know the green apples those flowers will bring, 
And bi'ing from my lips most heart-rending groans." 

'Tis too affecting. Try " The Serenaders." 
"The serenaders came one night 
And waked me from my slumber. 
But when I threw the boot-jack out, 
They saw they'd made a blunder." 

Then it started off on 

"England's son was slowly sitting" 
but its voice failed. Regaining its composure, it began 
" I cannot sing the old songs, 

They are too old for me ; 
The Hamiltons have ground them out, 
'Till chestnuts they must be." 
Just here I would fain give up, l)ut my chum pleaded for one 
more trial, and this is what we heard: 

" Oh ! could I go to have some fun. 

Perchance the P. M. ball, 
I'm sure I'd see the faculty 

A-staring at us all. 
Oh ! could I go to operas 
To see the players play, 
I'm sure I'd see the faculty 
A-gazing down my way. 



IONIAN SOCIETY. 141 



Oh ! could I on my couch recline, 

To dream of how I'd shirk, 
I'm sure I'd dream the faculty 

Were telling me to work. 

Oh ! could I wish that I were home 

When failures make me blue, 
I'm sure I'd feel the faculty 

Were wishing of it too. 

Oh ! could I never shirk my task, 

Could I my race well run, 
I'm sure I'd hear the faculty 

A-telling me " Well done." 

Oh ! could I rise to worlds unknown. 

And join the heavenly throng, 
I'm sure I'd hear the faculty 

A-singing of the song. 

Oh ! could I seek the judgment tlirone, 

And hope reprieve to find, 
I'm sure I'd see the faculty 

A-tagging on behind. 

Yet could I prove my record good. 

And gain eternal rest, 
I'm sure I'd hope the faculty 

Would be among the blest." 

This last effort proved too great a strain on the grinder, and 
with one final squeak it gave up the ghost. Anna D. F. 



CHRONICLES. 

Now it came to pass, that when the lonians had been thirty 
months in the land, they conceived the idea of sending messengers 
to some wise speaker to come among them and to teach the people 
in the synagogue; but a ruling had lately been made in the land 
that this could not be, for all the tribes about could have but 
one man to come and talk to them at the time set for the people to 
assemble. 

Now to the south of the lonians dwelt a mighty race of men, 
known in the land as the Websters. These people were exceed- 
ingly great and had waxed fat in the land many years, and among 
them were men that had grown old in war. Now these people said 



142 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

amoncr themselves "We are great and our numbers are exceedinic; 
nowhere in the land can be found such valiant younsr men, ay, no- 
where." And one tall, fair haired youth arose to address the 
people, saying, " To the north dwell a puny race known as the 
lonians. They are all girls and know not what they do. It is not 
mete that they join us in this tiling." And the king was well 
pleased, and said, " It is well. We and the tribes about us will 
unite, and the lonians will not be with us." And they strutted ex- 
ceedingly, and thought themselves "some pumpkins," and they 
were right. 

But verily, verily, I say unto you, that he who planteth his 
pumpkin seed hastily and covereth them over exceedingly deep, 
will have no vines, and his field will be as the stubble that beareth 
no fruit, and he shall be like unto the Websters. But they will be 
like unto the lonians who put their seed in good soil, few in num- 
ber and covered them so light that the sunshine of generosity 
could shine through, and they grew, and behold the fruit yielded in 
its season. 

So the Websters rejoiced in their iniquity, and the day drew 
near when the selection should be made, who should come and 
speak to the people; when the voice of the most high ruler was 
heard, saying, "Hearken ye, my children, unto my voice, for 1 say 
unto you this thing cannot be, for unless you have the lonians with 
you your speaker must not come at the time the people assemble." 

Now the Websters were exceedingly wroth and knew not what 
to do, for they would not let the tribe be with them, and they held 
much high debate and stood back some weeks or more. But they 
knew it must be, so their chief ruler George the Infant, the gayest 
and prettiest young man of all the tribe, went forth with three 
others of his most tried and truest followers; one tall, warm-tinted 
youth, and the man who had made speeches to the people bringing 
them into trouble, he was there, and they went forth to the 
land of the lonians with much trembling and trepidation, but the 
lonians said, " We will treat these men as strangers, for they now 
bring and offer us the meat that is ours by right, and we will take 
and eat, but offer them no recompense." And it was even so, for 
the maidens went about their work and heeded not the mighty 
Websters in their midst, and they at length rose in much anger, de- 



IONIAN SOCIETY. 143 



parted the way they came. Now when they were jyone the lonians 
rose as one man to consider the question and to decide what they 
best do, for they were a wise and a fors^iving people, and they 
hated this thing that had caused their neighbors trouble. And it 
came to pass that they sent messengers running in great haste to 
all the tribes saying: "We send greeting to our brethren and wish 
peace among the j)eople, and we would that they be not troubled 
concerning us." And the tribes said, " It is well." 

Julia Pearce. 



"OH! YES, HE'S DEAD." 
The cat is dead; that good old cat 

We never shall see more. 
The third-year girls dissected him, 

His furry coat they tore. 

His heart they opened to the day, 
His lungs tliey brought to view; 

These cruel girls without dismay, 
Did stick him through and through. 

Then out they gouged both of his eyes, 

They cut off both his ears; 
And yet they heaved no long-drawn siglis, 

They shed no briny tears. 

Kind looks he ever had for them. 

Nor Ivnew their base design; 
Why should those girls, those wicked girls, 

To cruelty incline? 

He lived at peace with all mankind, 

He no disturbance made; 
No man e'er rose, his boot to find, 

To stop his serenade. 

But now he's dead. Oh! yes, he's dead; 

I tell you 'tis a shame. 
Poor fellow, he for science bled. 

In glory write his name. 



144 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

OUR STATE FLOWER. 
We have heard so much discussion in rep-ard to our national 

o 

flower, whether it should be the rose, the clover, or the i^oldenrod, 
that we have not given any attention to the flower of our own par- 
ticular commonwealth, the symbol of the State of Kansas. 

Althoucrh so w^ell known, it seems to us that the sunflower is not 
properly appreciated. To the botanist it is only one of the large 
order compositas, difficult to analyze and impossible to press. To 
the farmer, it appears as an annoying weed which disfigures the 
borders of his field. Some people have been heard to remark "this 
will be a sickly season; there are so many sunflowers, and that is a 
sure sign of ague." Others regard it as a great, coarse plant, use- 
less, because devoid of grace and fragrance. 

Did you ever wonder why the sunflower was chosen our State 
flower, or note some of the useful lessons to be learned from this 
common, homely plant? The sunflower seems to me a fit emblem 
of so great a State because of its "staying" qualities. It possesses 
the first secret of success, for no matter if it is cut down or choked 
back, no matter how wet or how dry the season may be, it over- 
comes all obstacles, and like the true Kansan that it is, puts on a 
brave front and keeps on doing business at the old stand. 

It possesses the hardy nature of the pioneer, and the honesty of 
one too, for it lifts up its great, bright face and looks you squarely 
in the eyes. Like the characters of our countrymen, it is more 
durable and useful than showy or elegant, and the beauty which it 
possesses is not of the frail and fleeting sort, but the beauty whose 
merit lies in the comforting influence and cheering association with 
which it impresses us. 

What if it is a connnon roadside flower? It blooms all over our 
broad State. Where is the person that is not glad to see its familiar 
face where all else is strange to her? We are glad to know that 
the sunflower thrives in the vacant lots and country lanes about 
Manhattan. Let them grow and nod in the autumn sun. Their 
bright, homely faces seem like faces of old friends, and we feel less 
homesick when we see them smiling upon us from the highways 
and byways. Emulate this sunflower, my dears, and like it always 
keep your face towards the sun, and our State will be, in more 
senses than one, the "Sunflower State." Effie Gilstkai', 



IONIAN SOCIETY. 145 



NOVELS' HEROINES. 

For two hours I have been in England with the beautiful hero- 
ines of an English novel. As I finish, and am called back to prosy 
old Manhattan by the "finale" on the last page, I throw down the 
book with a yawn and exclaim, " What a silly girl," and then I fall 
to thinking about those foolish beings, and about other girls in 
books I have read. How few of them are like girls that I know! 
pretty little creatures, cute, picturesque, useless except to break 
men's hearts — girls with slender forms, golden curls, deep violet 
eyes, dainty feet, clinging draperies, etc. 

Another class, equally rare among girls I know, but more to be 
loved, are the beautiful young women having all the queenly 
graces that we most admire, always knowing and saying and doing 
the right things at the right time. 

Not all heroines are like either of these, however, and it is in- 
deed refreshing to find a story of a more common sort of girl. 
When we read of girls that have our trials and pleasures, tempta- 
tion and perplexities, the story becomes more than a story to us. 
No need to ask why girls, young and old, love Mrs. Whitney's and 
Miss Alcott's stories. Their girls are girls that we know. 

I wonder how some of the Kansas gi^rls that 1 know would ap- 
pear in a novel; imagine a minute: what if some girl, not an Ionian, 
should some day find herself a woman with the power to use her 
pen well, as so many others have? Had she the power to see the 
characters, feelings, and the hearts of these girls we know, and the 
genius to show them to others as they are, would they not be more 
interesting to us than any story of beautiful belles of New York, 
or London, or Paris'? I hope some one will write a novel some day 
about some of our Kansas sisters, and let us see how they will look 
in a story. The romance would not be lacking, and we would find 
much to admire and Icve, although the girl be neither a beauty nor 
perfectly adorable. Gertie Coburn. 

PARASITISM. 

Parasites are the most degraded and despicable forms of nature. 
If you ask the biologist why, he will tell you that they have com- 
mitted one of the greatest crimes of nature. They have evaded 
the law of the struggle for life, and are almost a breach of that 



146 COLLEGE syjiro.siu.u. 

jrreatest of laws- — evolution. This law demands the hi^rhest de- 
velopment of all the faculties in order to attain the nearest possible 
perfection of the individual class. Let us see how nature avenges 
herself on parasitism. Go to any extensive work on zoolojry and 
you will find numerous instances of animals which have once led a 
free and independent existence becoming parasites, or if not true 
parasites, seekinir home and safety at the expense of some other 
animal, perhaps inhabiting his cast off shell. 

In all the cases you will also find that there has been a gradual 
degeneration of the animal, either manifesting itself in the individ- 
ual or in future generations. But the more particular study for us 
at present is that parasitism which is exhibited in the highest ani- 
mal form, namely, man. Here, as before, parasitism implies a lack 
of exercise of those faculties which are given us to procure our 
safety and food, be that food physical, mental or spiritual. Here 
also, in accordance with a law of nature that nothing shall exist in 
vain, a lack of use means inevitably deterioration and final atrophy 
of those neglected faculties. It is true that the exertion of getting 
food is but a means to an end, yet in the economy of nature the 
means are quite as essential as the end to be attained. 

Of our physical, political, or social parasites we have no need to 
speak; they are all too readily recognized. Our mental parasites, 
though not so easily known are quite as numerous. They never 
study alone if they can avoid it, preferring to get some one to help 
them. They never have any opinions of their own. Oh, no! theirs 
might be too crude. They simply adopt those that they have heard 
expressed by the majority. They even come to our societies, where 
they try to escape every duty laid upon them and rest content to 
reap the benefit of others' resources. Our moral parasites are even 
harder to distinguish. Their opinions of right or wrong are de- 
rived from the society in which they move, and if they have any 
qualms of conscience they are easily quieted by reflecting on the 
seemingly greater sins of others. But we have reached the highest 
faculty of natural man, and as we enter the spiritual world can we 
expect to find parasitism still in existence? Sadly we will have 
to confess that here it is abundant. For example, our church goer 
who goes because other people go; also, our dead church members 
who allow their preachers to do all their praying and Bible reading 



IONIAN SOCIETY. 147 



for thein, and yet vainly imao-ine that because they have once joined 
the church they are on the straight road to Heaven. 

But after all these people need not worry, as it is themselves 
that they injure. Still, we may profit by their example, and when 
we are tempted to take the easy way out, remember the punish- 
ment that inevitably follows nature's laws. " Better far," says 
Drummond, " to be burned at the stake of public opinion than to 
die the livinir death of parasitism." 

Maude Sayres. 



A DROP OF INK. 
A drop of ink is a very minute portion of the fluid by which 
thouo-ht is transported to the reading world. And yet what vast 
possibilities are encompassed in one little drop of ink! It may in- 
scribe the words which shall decide the destiny of a life, making it 
blissful or wretched. It may send the sweet message of friendship 
or love which shall cheer the lone toiler in life's uneven journey. 
It may paint in such glowing and fascinating colors, the way of 
truth and righteousness, that the skeptical may be led to walk 
therein. It may send an order to advance an army and save a 
nation. It may sign the death warrant of the innocent, or send 
pardon to the condemned. It may pass an unjust criticism upon a 
young genius aspiring to literary or musical distinction and blast 
his hopes forever, or it may convey to him the word of praise that 
will stimulate his heart and brain until success is attained. All the 
powers of thought cannot enumerate the possibilities of one drop 
of ink; they are far too numerous. Let us not despair if, in our 
hearts, we desire to do good and speak for the right, but use the 
drop of ink and wield our pens for truth and justice. 

Ada Rice. 



HAMILTON SOCIETY. 149 

HISTORY. 
From the establisliment of the College the work of the literal ^• 
societies connected with it has supplemented the instruction given 
in an admirable manner, and has wiven to those sharinxr such work 
an application of principles and a training in methods which the 
work of the class room cannot provide. The member of a literary 
society is brought in direct contact with his fellow students, and 
free from the restraint he always feels when in the presence of an 
instructor, he is taught to control himself, to measure his aljility by 
the standard of what others can do, and to be always alert, ready 
alike for defensive or offensive l)attles. He gains an effectiveness 
in the use of language which the study of rhetoric cannot give, and 
a method and self command in speaking which class work in rhetor- 
icals will not impart. Besides this he is trained in the order of 
business, and is strengthened by the responsibility of making the 
society work a success. For all these reasons the earnest students 
have at all times been enlisted in this line of work, and as the in- 
stitution has grown in size, the interest in the literary societies has 
increased. 

The last decade has been one of unusual prosperity to the Col- 
lege. It had not half passed away before it became evident that 
the old societies did not furnish sufficient training to their members 
on account of the large membership. It was therefore thought best 
that a new society be formed, and on Saturday evening, November 
8, 1884, a small body of young men met in the old north corridor 
and pledged to such an organization. At a second meeting, held 
November 15th, a constitution was adopted; Avith the enrollment 
of sixteen members, and the election of officers, the organization of 
the Ha:n[ilton Literaky Society was completed. It was a small 
membership to begin with, and there were many difficulties to over- 
come before the new society could take rank with the older ones, 
but the men who founded it saw clearly the character of the work 
that would succeed best, and so well did they do their work that 
little of it has since been chano-ed. 

During the following term the membership increased rapidly, 
and it was not long till it reached the limit which was placed upon 
it during the first three years of the society's existence. Its work 
from the first has been that of a literary society, and the proorammes 



150 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

have consisted of declamations, essays, orations, music, debates, and 
the bi-weekly society paper, the Recorder. Special attention has 
been o^iven at all times to extemporaneous speakincr, and various 
methods of trainino^ have been pursued. At first questions were 
distributed upon which members were expected to speak; then as- 
signments were made for the duty, the speakers selecting their own 
topics. But the most valuable training has come in the discussions 
under the orders of business, where the drill in speaking combines 
with a training in parliamentary law. The parliamentary battles 
have always l)een a favorite practice in the society, and have given 
it an enviable reputation for thoroughness and accuracy in such 
work. 

Until the fall of 1889 the society met in " Corridor D." At that 
time a new room was assigned to the Hamilton and Ionian societies, 
and by their efPorts the room has been neatly furnished, and affords 
a pleasant place of meeting. 

The first public entertainment of the society was a lecture by 
Prof. James H. Canfield, in April, 188G. In February, 1887, it 
gave its first and only special session, followed in March, 1888, by 
its first annual exhibition. These annual representations of the 
society's literary work have always given satisfaction, and rank well 
among that class of public entertainments. 

The growth of the society has not alone been in the increase of 
numbers, but is manifest in every line of literary effort. 



PRESIDING OFFICERS OF THE HAMILTON SOCIETY 
1884-85— T. Bassler, T. Bassler, G. W. Waters. 
1885-86— E. II. Perry, G. W. Waters, N. E. Lewis. 
1886-87-E. ]]. Colburn, J. II Criswell, S. S. Cobb. 
1887-88— A. Walters, A. E. Newman, A. C. Cobb. 
1888-89— F. A. Campbell, E. M. Paddleford, S. I. P>orton. 
1889-90- G. J. Van Zile, S. L. Van P.hircom, A. F. Cranston. 
1890-91— P,. Sidnner, II. B. Gilstrap, II. E Moore. 



HAMILTON HOCIETY. 



lol 



W. A. Anderson, 
K. J. Brock, 
E. C. Coburn, 
H. B. Gilstrap, 

C. P. Hartley, 
I. B. Piirker, 
C. J. Peterson, 
W. S. Pope, 

C. Abbott, 
E. M. Blachly, 
W. V. Hester, 
C. R. Hutchings, 
S. B. Johnson, 

R. B. Abbott, 
O. C. Axtell, 
G. G. Board man, 
J. M. Calhoun, 
G. Doll, 
J. Dougherty, 
H E. Downing, 
y. V. Hogbin, 



ROLL OF MEMBERS. 
'91. 
G. V. Johnson, 

F. M. Linscott, 
A. E. Martin, 
A. Midgley, 

'93. 
A. D. Rice, 
W. J. Town, 
R. L. Wallis, 
D. F. Wickman, 

'93. 
R. Laundy, 
T. E. Lyon, 

G. T. Morrison, 
H. R. Phillips, 
J. D. Riddell, 

'94. 
A. Jackson, 
W. J. Jennings, 
A. Johnson, 
I. Jones, 
Wm. Joss, 

C. D. McCullough, 

D. n. Miller, 
S. Olmstead, 



H. E. Moore, 
B. Skinner, 
S. L. Van Blarcom, 
F. A. Waugh. 



G. W. Wildin, 
C. E. Yeoman. 



J. A. Rokes, 
F. R. Smith, 
W. E. Smith, 
W. O. Stover, 
J. Sutton. 

O. A. Otten, 
J. H. Persinger, 
W. F. Redenbaugh, 
J. A. Schiel, 
R. Simmons, 
T. H. Smythe, 
W. W. Watson, 

E. Wood, 

F. Yeoman. 



SCIENCE AND RELIGION. 
[Oration delivered by A. F. Cranston at the Hamilton Aannal, 1890.] 

Every age of the world has had some specific character — some 
sicfn which marks its unit spirit has suro-ed hio-h and assumed a 
form of fanaticism, as is shown in the crusades and the religious 
wars of Europe. 

The ancients were distinct from the moderns. Their civiliza- 
tion was of a tangible, material character. At mention of Egypt 
our mind rises instinctively with the pyramids, and the fertile 
valley of the Nile, loaded with the spontaneous products of a 
tropical zone, spreads itself before the senses. At mention of 
Greece we stand in admiration before the parthenon and build a 
dream in the age of Pericles. Carthage, maritime Carthage, her 



152 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

harbors bristled with the spars and masts of a thousand mereliaiit 
vessels, and, until her magnificence tempted the Roman leirions, 
the Punic basked beneath a luxuriant meridian. Rome, armor 
clad Rome, with sword and battle-ax, she hewed out the haughtiest 
republic that has been. 

Look at these, they each have shown a rise and fall, a life aiul a 
death, yet each is a tragedy in itself. 

Since the fall of the Western Roman Empire, three ages in suc- 
cession have unfolded themselves — the ages of religion, reform and 
reason. We are now livino- in the ao-e of reason or science. What 
a grand one it is — "The sum total of all the past." 

Science has given to the modern mind a depth of penetration, a 
keenness of observation, and an accuracy in experiment which has 
never before been known. What has it done for civilization? In 
the sixteenth century Copernicus proved the falsity of the Ptole- 
maic theory of the heavens. In the seventeenth century Gallileo 
made his renowned discoveries among the stars. Harvey discovered 
the circulation of the blood. Bacon substituted the inductive for 
the deductive system of philosophy. Kepler founded mathematical 
astronomy, and Newton discovered the laws of universal gravita- 
tion. In the eighteenth century Franklin applied electricity to the 
arts and drew the lightning from the sky. Linneas classified plants 
and laid the foundation for modern botany. Priestly discovered 
oxygen, and Herchel improved the telescope. 

Now what does this mean? It means that progress has at last 
wheeled into the right path — a path which man has been blindly 
seeking since he first began to think. It means that lightning 
is a phenomenon of electricity and not the wrath of angry gods; 
that the sun is the centre of revolution of planets and stars, and 
that our earth is but a dust-mote glittering in his rays; that the 
abolition of slavery is due to the application of steam to machinery; 
that energy is convertible into heat, light and electricity; that man 
thinks more and knows less, earns more and works less, loves more 
and hates less, worships more and prays less than in any other age 
of the world. 

The millennium may never be reached — science may never be 
able to prove or disprove the existence of matter, to affirm or deny 
the freedom of the will, to analyze material and mental energy, 



HAMILTON SOCIETY. 153 



motion, sensation and volition, but it has deduced laws which, if 
obeyed, will ameliorate man's condition upon this earth. 

Some have charjred scientists with fallacious reasoninir and 
illegitimate applications to religion. Others have declared science 
a species of heresy. This is ridiculous and a mere presumption of 
ignorance. Who knows better than a scientist what truth is and 
what is its value? There is no haughty pride, nor pompous 
declamation, nor dogmatic omniscience about the true scientist. 
He is meek in heart and humble in spirit. He is the champion of 
truth and the sleuth hound of error. Science ever seeks to main- 
tain the "accurate," and throws around philosophy the limits of the 
known. Without science, religion is apt to rvin into fanaticism 
and superstition. 

Scientific men are apt to be moral, for their ambition ever 
reaches for the true, and he who will not accept a logical conclu- 
sion, be it in harmony or not with supposed inspiration, is blind — 
hopelessly blind. 

There are irreligious men in every church and very religious 
men in no church. 

There is a scientific religion that is neither agnostic nor dog- 
matic, there is a scientific morality that is neither altruism nor 
egotism. The church should bring religion down from the imperial 
realms of the infinite, about which we know nothino-, into the kino-, 
dom of the finite, about which we may learn something. 

Then why this casuistry about original sin and redemption, 
about primeval life in the garden of Eden : it seems but the fairy 
frost work of fancy. Have a religion that drops a penny into the 
hand of the beggar, that strolls in the fields in summer, that glides 
over snow and ice in winter. 

The boundless fields of sky, the sun, flying meteors, the eternal 
march of the seasons — dark forests full of wierd voices; volcanoes, 
caves and cataracts, glaciers slipping down the mountain, fountains 
springing up in deserts, rivers running under ground, life surging 
along the streets of cities, death sleeping in the graveyard — these 
are for your study and your admiration — among these you must 
build your heaven or your hell. 



154 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

OUR HERITAGE. 

[Oration delivered by Ben Skinner at the Hamilton Annual, 1891.] 

Although made narrow by superstition and suppression, the 
ideals of our ancestors, when they settled on the broken shores of 
the Atlantic, were liberty and progress. Old customs steadily gave 
way before the pressure of new conditions, and with the closing 
scenes of the war that gave us a race problem, we find this people, 
after having shed rivers of blood in checking the wrongs of nearly 
four centuries, happy in the belief that " king or congress could no 
longer handle them as pawns on the bloody chess-board." 

Slowly, but surely, through all these years had men become 
broader, wiser, more humane in their views, and to-day, l)ound 
by the ties of philanthropy and national unity, we stand on an 
eminence that overlooks the range of nations. Proud of every at- 
tainment that has helped to make us what we are, we review the 
past with pleasure. Yet, carried so far from the scenes of bitter 
strife, we think little of the suffering, the misery, and death that 
these grand victories have cost. We feel that the right has 
conquered; and are content to know that from the first settlement 
to the present, these treasures have been handed into our keeping; 
while we, seeming to disregard the obligations that come with every 
advancement, give our support to a system that builds up a few 
to the sacrifice of many — a system which gives to a Vanderbilt 
wealth beyond the dream of avarice, and condemns the poor to pov- 
erty from which there is no escape but the grave. 

Shall we be satisfied to continue on this plan, enjoying the la- 
bors of others, robbing the multitude of their sustenance, without 
waking to the fact that we owe to coming generations an untar- 
nished addition to our heritage V No! Progressive action is de- 
manded of us as much as it was of our fathers. Why should we 
be content to follow in the ways of a preceding generation, when 
the conditions that are beginning to present themselves call for 
less corrupt legislation, better regulated and better enforced lawsV 

We condemn slavery, where here within the memory of mil- 
lions, it has been associated with the most gaudy ideas of universal 
li])erty; even defended for years by a majority as right. With the 
advance of the country old customs have sunk into the liack- 
ground. The tendency of the nation is still forward, and just as 



HAMILTON SOCIETY. 155 

popular opinion went against the mother country and slavery, so 
now is there a growing feeling against present legislation. Some 
pessimistic minds even evolve the theory that we are drifting to- 
ward inevitable destruction, that the signs of the times portend a 
greater disaster to us than has ever befallen a people. 

Why need such thoughts disturb the peace or happiness of any 
sane American? We are the government. In our hands, by the 
right of suffrage, is placed the lever that regulates the movements 
of the nation. If we, allowing our minds to become overshadowed, 
by the prejudice of former days, follow the example of the drunken 
engineer who guides his mighty steed to destruction, whose fault 
is it? 

Those unbiased, noble minded men who framed our political 
foundation, foresaw the necessity of change with new conditions, 
and made due provision by which the destruction of life and prop- 
erty, that we have already suffered, could have been averted. The 
laws of the country are even more amenable, and are now, as they 
were then, in the hands of the people to model. Shall we model 
these laws to meet the new conditions that are presenting them- 
selves? Can we afford to itrnore the lessons that throuofh the ao-es 
have accumulated in the experience of men, to violate the great 
historical laws that show the necessity of justice, and still expect to 
go on, by some inherent quality, surpassing anything that has been 
achieved, without paying the penalties of the ignorance of truth, or 
the wantonness of error. 

It is one of the unpardonable vanities of the people of this coun- 
try to hold that our land is so favored that, no matter what is done, 
we shall forever have advantages warranting us in perpetual prof- 
ligacy. The present condition of affairs proves that somethino- is 
wrong. The people do not array themselves in antagonism to fixed 
principles without a just cause. Discontent and corruption are 
abroad; political campaigns have become, instead of a test of prin- 
ciple and virtue, simply demoralizing battles, with money and whis- 
key for arms; and demagogues are reaping a golden harvest. Laws 
once well suited to the development of infant industries of a youno- 
and struggling nation have become oppressive to the people. Cor- 
porations have flourished and multiplied. The ])aby we are rockino- 
has grown to be a six-footer, and now threatens the home that has 



156 COLLEGE 8TMP0SIUM. 

nourished and reared him if we refuse to continue. Foreign capital 
finds here a lucrative lodging place, and our treasury walls sink 
under the weight of the enormous hoards of gold and silver. These 
are the grounds on which the intelligence of the country proclaims 
continued peace and prosperity ; but have we any assurance of itV 

Ours is, indeed, a grand heritage, and by the manhood of Amer- 
ica it must be kept pure; but may we, from our neglect of civil 
duty, never be called upon, as others have been, to purify it with 
blood. Nor need we be; for the ballot, if rightly used, is mightier 
than swords and muskets. Before it, without march or sieo-e, in- 
temperance and corruption may be made to flee. Then when you 
vote, do it intelligently, honestly. Think of the ])rave and good 
men who gave up their lives that we might enjoy this heritage, and 
fling aside the veil that seems to obscure the true features of the 
questions which vou and I, within ourselves, must settle. 

Remember, too, "we should be content to be the greatest and 
happiest of the nations, and find out before it is too late, withovit 
other tumults and wars, that there is no people so mighty that they 
can be unjust with safety, — that there is no fault worse than waste- 
fulness of the substance of the earth we inherit, and no crime so 
perilous as to wrong the poor." 



HERE'S TO THE lONIANS. 

[A toast respondel to by H. E. Moore at a joint session of the Hamilton and Webster 

societies, Saturday, March 28, 1891.] 

A few days ago when I was informed that I must to-night re- 
spond to the toast of " Here's to the lonians," I was totally igno- 
rant of the character of such a duty, but after many weary hours 
of thought I came to the conclusion that my mission lay in compli- 
menting those of the fair sex whose good fortune it is to bear the 
proud title of lonians. 

When I had proceeded thus far the question arose, why should 
I, a little, insignificant, dried-up and-blown-away Hamilton, be 
chosen from such an august body as our society, to perform a duty 
of which I knew so little? Tlie answers came, two in num.ber. 
The first to suggest itself was tliat this was an act of courtesy wliich 
we, as a society, owed the lonians in a meeting of tliis kind — an 
act which partook more of the nature of a duty than that of a pleas- 



HA MILTON SOCIET Y. 157 



lire — something which all recognized must be done, but something 
which no one was willing to undertake. In short, one of the little 
things which I, by virtue of my office, (that of " old odd jobs") 
must perform. Another thought was that this was a duty of a very 
delicate nature; one which required the greatest stability of char- 
acter to perform with " fidelity and impartiality," and that T, as the 
only loyal Hamilton who is absolutely unbiased in his opinions, was 
chosen as alone adequate to the task. That I was chosen as the 
only man in college who could unblushingly stand up before such 
an enlightened assembly so well up in the ways of the world, and 
act as the mouth-piece for this, the Hamilton society, through which 
to pour forth its love to this, the Ionian society. 

Now, after concerning myself thus far with matters of explana- 
tion and introduction, I think I may proceed at once to the point 
without any fear of being misunderstood. We regard the lonians 
as our dear friends, and if I were to-night at home with my fellow 
Hamiltons in our little room up in the attic, I think I might be in- 
duced to lay aside formality and say that we love the lonians. We 
love them both collectively and individually. I can't say which 
way we love them most. Some of the boys seem to favor the 
individual plan, but for my part I think I shall continue to like 
them in tlie good old way just as one, a unit. I niay have had in- 
dividual affections for an Ionian once, and may have contemplated 
making the fact known to the world by taking her to a social, but 
if I did, she, upon consultation, thought it unwise, and so it had to 
be otherwise. 

Now, laying the matter of fun aside, we do have a kindly regard 
for these, our lady friends, and there are many reasons why we 
should. They, like ourselves, occupy a lonely, uninviting room in 
the garret. They, like ourselves, are young in society work, and 
must ever bear all the scoffings which Webster divines and Alpha 
Beta preps are capable of heaping upon us. As I say, the Hamil- 
tons and lonians are united in a common defense, but we, the Ham- 
iltons, are the stronger, and feel ourselves called upon to resent any 
unkindly treatment which our fair sisters may receive. 

A cruel Webster once said, "The lonians are no parliamenta- 
rians,— of Robert's Rules they don't know beans." I am here to 
say that this is not true, and if anyone doubts my word just let him 



158 COLLEGE I^YMPOSIUM. 

make a proposition to a fair lo. and see how ipiick she will ''lay the 
motion on the table" or "object to the consideration of the ques- 
tion." Perhaps she will " refer it to a committee" of one — her ma. 
There is another point of parliamentarv law in which the lonians al 
ways excel, a-id that is on the "previous question" racket. They 
can always work that on a fellow to perfection. Now, grantinir 
that the rash statement of that Webster was true, of what conse- 
quence can it ever be V Their relations to the world are not such 
that they must become masters of parliamentary law. Until there 
is a radical change in the policy of our government none of the 
lonians will ever be called upon to stand up in the halls of congress 
and vie with men of ability over points of this kind. Their influ- 
ence upon politics must ever be through the medium of their pens, 
and indirectly through their gentlemen friends, and this is the 
sphere for which they are now fitting themselves. 

For purely literary ability, the lonians stand where other societies, 
much more boastful and pretentious, cannot stand, and in the pres- 
ence of their musical talent the other societies must hide their faces 
for shame. They have within themselves, as they have demon- 
strated on a previous occasion, the material out of which to make 
an exliibition that all must be proud of; an exhibition the good 
qualities of which others must admire but cannot imitate. 

Now, taking it altogether, we think the lonians are just about 
right, and when they shall have graduated and leave their beloved 
alma mater and the rest of us fellows, we think we can conscien- 
tiously recommend them to the world as subjects suitable for mat- 
rimony. That is to say, we hope and trust that by that time they 
will have gained sufficient knowledge to enable them to know a 
good thing when they see it. 



liEQUIESCAT IN PACE. 
Tell no more, ye men of Kansas, 

Jerry Simpson wears no hose. 
For tfiose jokes on sockless Jerry 

Follow one where'er he goes. 

I have listened till I'm weary 
Of the man whose feet are bare, 

Of the man from Barber county 
With the hay seed in his hair. 



160 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 



Do not try to draw a picture 

Of this man among his flocks; 
Do not show him as lie studies 

Up the tariff on our socks. 

Do not show those horrid jimpson 

Weeds that hide his humble cot; 
Let these pictures, stale and weary, 

Be effaced and be forgot. 

All these things are tc-o famili;ir 

To the people of our State; 
Tell us now some other story 

That we haven't heard of late. 

Since our Jerry is sojourning 

Where the broad Potomac flows, 
Show at least a little mercy. 

And shut up about his hose. H. B. G. 



A DEEP SEA ROMANCE. 

One morning as the mermaid started out from her aqueous 
couch to milk tlie brindle sea-cow, she became enraptured with the 
scenes about and aljove her. The sunfish had not yet come out, 
and all over the vaulted dome of the sea, the starfishes twinkled and 
told of the dying night, and they themselves died with the story 
they told. As she watched, enchanted, the day broke. The sea- 
butterfly settled on the sea-anemone at her side; the sea-hare 
sought his dismal hiding place; the sea-lily waved in the sea 
bree/e; the sea-lion roared in the distance, and hied him home, 
leaving the scene to gentler influences. 

The mermaid was infatuated with the seascape. A new life 
seemed to have dawned upon her. She forgot the lowing of the 
patient sea-cow, except as it entered into the general harmony of 
the whole effect, and the plaintive bleating of the sea-calf failed to 
arouse her. While thus she mused, ready for any sensational 
event, there drove up to the door a brilliant chariot, drawn by six 
prancing sea-horses. The noble-looking driver tightened the reins 
and the obedient sea-horses stopped. Now it was his turn to be en- 
chanted. He gazed for several minutes straight upon the beauti- 
ful mermaid before him. She felt the warm blood mantling her 



HAMILTON SOCIETY. 161 



cheeks, yet she could not resent the stranger's undisguised interest. 
Gently he approached her and laid his hand upon her waist 
tenderly. " I have found," said he, " the one creature for whom I 
have searched the sea from shore to shore. Fly with me to other 
seas." Overcome with the ecstasy of the moment, she allowed 
herself to be borne to the waiting chariot, and while all her little 
brothers and sisters, (the dirty-faced little sea-urchins,) looked on; 
while the sea-cow still lowed from behind the bars, and the sea- 
calf switched his tail to keep the sea-flies ofp, the mermaid eloped 
with a son of a sea-cook. F. A. Waugh. 



THE COLLEGE "JUMPING JACK." 
Did you ever see the student who is seeking an appointment on 
commencement day; who wants to teach the P. M. squads and take 
charge of classes when the professors are attending farmers' insti- 
tutes? Well! that is the fellow we call the college jumping jack. 
We have seen the chap who wanted to be a U. G. sit in the class 
room like a bump on a log, and for three long, weary years smile 
at the professor's every joke, agree with him in all his statements, 
and hardly dare to call his soul his own. Of course it is all right 
to copy after our superiors, but it is refreshing to see a student who 
has ideas of his own and the nerve to express them; who, when he 
does not see the point to a joke, does not laugh, and who speaks 
out when he differs from the statements even of a professor. By 
all means follow good advice, but don't be a faculty jumping jack, 
— don't fold your arms and flop your legs and grin and bow when- 
ever the string is pulled. 

G. W. Waters. 



PROFESSOR AND STUDENT. 

The professor is a person who may sit on the chapel rostrum 
during morning exercises; the student is a person who must hide a 
number on a chapel seat down in front. The professor is a man 
who has a chance to put down big O's when he asks questions; 
when the student asks questions, he has a chance to go to the En- 
cyclopedia Brittanica and find out. The professors publish a 
weekly journal to support their own positions and views; but the 



162 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

students are not allowed to express their occasional ideas in like 
manner. A professor can deliver a lecture in chapel and the stu- 
dent must sit and listen; but when the student delivers his oration 
the professor can go and play lawn tennis. 

But at the same time the student and professor are very closely 
related. The student has the greatest extension and the professor 
has the greatest intention. The student causes the man to become 
a professor, the professor causes the boy to become a student. 

G. V. JouNsoisr. 



A new chemical compound has lately been discovered. It has 
been named " Egzactly," a name derived from the Anglo-Saxon 
root "just-so," meaning correct. When it is mixed with the com- 
pound "sufficient," it has a specific gravity of 10. In this state, it 
produces a pleasing, exhilarating sensation in the student. 



THE PSALM OF THE THIRD-YEARS. 

The president is my guide, I shall not fail. He leadeth me in 
the paths of wisdom for his salary's sake. He maketh me to find a 
good boarding place. He giveth me ten cents on the pay-roll. He 
telleth my parents I am doing well. Yea, though T incur the dis- 
pleasure of a professor, I shall not fear. Thy lectures and thy pre- 
cepts they comfort me. Thou acquittest me in the presence of the 
faculty. Thou teachest me to walk uprightly in the paths of recti- 
tude, lest I fail to get a girl for the social. Thou makest my 
grades not to suffer. Surely prosperity and board-bills shall follow 
me all the days of my life, and maybe I shall be a U. G. next June. 



HAMILTON SOCIETY. 163 



THE CITY-BRED JUNIOR. 

How dear to my heart are the antics of Shylock, 

When thoughts of the "bull-pen" present them to view; 
His gesticulations, his lectures on Hubback, 

With all the contortions that there would ensue. 
His facts and suggestions, both ancient and modern, 

I chewed up and swallowed until I was full. 
When my fancy reverts to the boys in the " bull-pen " 

Then I think of the junior, who curries the bull. 
The thoroughbred junior, the dignified junior. 

The city-bred junior, who curries the bull. 

That extract of farming I hail as a treasure. 

More valuable even than pitching manure; 
And every P. M.ist regards it a pleasure 

Which the poet delights in, but he can't endure. 
And when he approaches that genus, Bostoriis, 

The grandson of Hubback, the gentleman bull, 
He chants to himself that contemptible chorus. 

And regrets he's the junior, who curries the bull. 
The thoroughbred junior, the dignified junior, 

The city-bred junior, who curries the bull. 

How often I wondered why 'twas that our Shylock 

Did not cross the ocean while I was a prep. 
And take as a relic his Polled Angus bullock, 

To experiment with and establish a "rep." 
But soon he'll leave all to his worthy successor. 

And soon for Australia his freight he will pull; 
Then we'll all shed a tear for our new Ag. professor, 

And sigh for the junior, who'll curry the bull. 
The thoroughbred junior, the dignified junior. 

The city-bred junior, who'll curry the bull. G. J. V. Z. 



164 



COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 




HAMILTON SOCIETY. 165 



BACHING. 

Baching is the art of economically administering to one's soul 
and body the luxuries of life for some definite end, generally the 
end of the bachelor. Baching is an art and not a science, and it is 
closely related to the art of agriculture. There is this striking 
difference, however: agriculture, or farming, is the art of tilling the 
soil, while baching is the art of letting Nature take her course 
without tilling. Farming exhausts, while baching accumulates 
soil. Though, as I have said, it is purely an art; many of the sci- 
ences may be pursued with interest in the genial home of the bach- 
elor. Could we find an entomologist constitutionally strong enough 
to enter the bachelor's den, he might there find material enough in 
his line to busy him in its classification all the rest of his life. The 
horticulturist would be amazed to see whole crops of potatoes grow, 
bloom and bear all in a fortnight under the bed. The botanist 
could find five hundred varieties of mould and micro-organisms in 
his bread and hash. The chemist would conclude that the dough 
of which his batter cakes are made is a most wonderful compound. 
The physiologist would swear that a "patent roller process" grist 
mill could not digest half the food which he relishes every day for 
his dinner. If the specialist could see him during many phases of 
his existence he would surely pronounce him the missing link. 

Every operation in baching is absolutely practical, and has 
mighty little theory involved anywhere. When a fellow sits down 
to breakfast, shuts his eyes, and converses with himself a few min- 
utes, and then opens them, only to see before him bread, tooth- 
picks and coffee; and when he knows that he wouldn't see any 
more if he looked a month, this is what I call practical life. If for 
dinner he just sees tooth-picks, bread and coffee, and for supper, 
coffee, tooth-picks and bread, then he is a wise bachelor, and prac- 
tices a system of mixed husbandry. For when a man is compelled 
to do his own work and also his wife's, or if he hasn't got a wife, 
the work somebody else's wife ought to do, I would call this mixed 
husbandry, and badly mixed, too. 

F. A. CAMrBELL. 



166 



COLLEGE STMPOSIDM. 




T.t^'-Ti^cy. mxc 



HAMILTON SOCIETY. 167 



P. M. DAYS. 

Can it be that P. M. days 

Are to me forever past? 
Prof. Georgesoa never more I'll see, 

The hoe no more I'll grasp. 
My days at the K. S. A. C. 

Are drawing near a close, 
And I'm to drift on life's broad sea. 

Where " Hort." one never knows. 

And then I'll think of days long past, 

The happy days of yore; 
When once I struggled with P. M., 

A haughty sophomore. 
It first was down to the barnyard, 

The place where Cottrell reigned. 
My soft and dainty little hands 

With mud and such were stained. 

That day I worked in my good clothes. 

My old ones I'd not brought. 
And all the dirt about the barn 

On my good clothes was caught. 
The bosom of my nice white shirt 

Showed that it had been soiled; 
I marred the polish on my shoes; 

My collar, it was spoiled. 

Gloomy, sorrowful day of yore. 

Day of the not far past, 
To me you ne'er will be forgot^ 

My first, but not my last. 
Oh! with what joy of heart I hear 

The ringing of the bell — 
A joy that only in the hearts 

Of P. M. boys doth dwell. 

But now my P. M. days are gone, 

I feel no more the same; 
I long to toil as once I did, 

I long for wealth and fame; 
But carjientry is my sad lot, 

P. M. no more I'll see; 

But while I'm working at my trade, 

P. M., my heart's with thee. 

L. S. Strickler. 



168 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 



TWO KINDS OF COURTIN'. 

There was a man iu our school, 
Whose name you know quite well, sir, 

Whose crooked ways and sins so dark 
It pains me much to tell, sir. 

One bright spring morn, he and a chum 

Went out to take a ride, sir; 
A lady fair, with tender care. 

Each youth placed by his side, sir. 

With jest and song they sped along 
O'er hill and vale and plain, sir, 

No pause they made in sun or shade. 
But drove with might and main, sir. 

The hours tlew by, the day declined, 

But yet they did not stop, sir; 
The jaded horses, faint and dry. 

Were ready, now, to drop, sir. 

Still on they went from place to place. 
Till the country they'd gone o'er, sir. 

And each fair maid, within her heart, 
Had dubbed her beau a bore, sir. 

At last they reached Manhattan town. 

They came in on the tl}', sir. 
But when the stable door was gained. 

That team lay down to die, sir. 

Then rose the owner in his wrath 
And hied him to the squire, sir. 

He vowed that they should feel the force 
Of legal vengeance dire, sir. 

The officer now brought these youths 

To answer for their sport, sir; 
But oh, it was a " bitter pill" 

To 'tend this kind of court, sir. 

Their " Pas" were next called on to come 

And pay for that long ride, sir; 
They vowed that when those boys got home 

'1 hoy'd tan their precious hides, sir. 




a 

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H 
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I— I 
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170 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

To school agaiu they came at last, 
■ Of much hard cash bereft, sir, 

; And when they called to see those girls, 

They found that they were left, sir. 

The girls, you see, wished not again 
To get in such a plight, sir. 

So one of them she bounced her beau, 
And now drives out with — Brown, sir. 

The other claimed her witness fees. 
They came to seventy cents, sir. 

Her beau said he'd not have a girl. 
Who had so little sense, sir. 

The moral to this story's plain, 
And he who runs may read, sir: 

Now ye who take your girls to drive 
These youths' sad fate should heed, sir. 



172 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 



HISTORY. 

Previous to October, 1868, The Blueniont Literary .Society was 
the only institution of the kind existing at tiiis College. Division 
arose among the members, and on the night of October 10, 1868, 
the society was dissolved by vote. Two new societies were organ- 
ized within the following week, by the factions. One of these was 
finally called the Webster and the other the Alpha Beta Literary 
Society. The Alpha Betas were C K. Humphrey, A. H. Tanford, 
L. B. Tolin, T. E. Campbell, Arthur Stewart, H. F. Miller, C. W. 
Allen, H. F. Huffsmith, C. Kimball, M. Bilander, C. W. Points and 
G. W. Hannum. They were soon joined by others, and from that 
time to the present the society has had a goodly degree of success; 
not that it has had no dark days, for on more than one occasion in 
the early years of its existence when the students of the College 
were few in numbers it failed to continue its meetinofs till the end 
of the year for lack of attendance. But the members who felt the 
society to be a part of their college life were strengthened in their 
devotion by these adversities. The new year always found the 
society in better working condition, the society ties stronger, and 
all benefiting themselves by making the society a good one. In 
latter years the membership has been too large rather than other- 
wise. 

In December, 1870, the society obtained a charter for ten years, 
and thus became the first chartered society of the College. After 
the expiration of this charter, a new one was obtained for a period 
of ninety-nine yeai's. 

The original society was composed wholly of gentlemen, but 
various attempts were made in the early days to admit ladies to 
membership. With this in view, the time of meeting was changed, 
December, 1874, from Saturday evening to Friday afternoon. This 
action met with determined opposition, and was under considera- 
tion for several sessions before the necessary three-fourths vote 
could be obtained. Finally, with every member of the society 
present, twenty-four in all, the vote was taken, and eighteen voting 
aye the amendment was declared adopted. Two weeks thereafter 
the following five ladies joined: Mrs. W. K. Kedzie, A. B., 7iee 
Gale; Mrs. R. Kedzie, M. Sc. , nee Smvyer; Miss Lottie Burroughs; 



ALPHA BETA SOCIETY. 173 

Miss Marian Failyer and Mrs. Wm. Ulrich, nee Failyer. Other 
ladies soon followed the example of joining a literary society. 

At this time the Websters were the only competitors, and some 
of these felt called upon to organize a new society admitting ladies. 
Many leading Websters joined this new organization, called the 
Diagnothian Society, but after a little more than a year it was dis- 
continued. 

The Alpha Beta paper, called The Literary Ensign, first ap- 
peared in December, 1868. It was not a regular feature, but was 
presented only on the occasion of public exercises. The latter 
consisted of public debates, plays and joint debates. In 1875, two 
years from the last appearance of the Ensign, the Gleaner, the 
present society paper, was started. It appeared each alternate 
meeting until September, 1882, when it was changed to a weekly 
paper. At present it is edited by one of the four divisions of the 
society, who elect their chief at the beginning of each term, and its 
preparation is the most profitable of society work. In 1884 
selections were made from these papers and published in a book 
entitled the "Gleaner Gleaned," which contained work of high 
literary merit. 

In 1877 a series of entertainments were given down town for 
the purpose of securing a library fund. In these plays, staid, 
sober, and matter-of-fact students acted the part of tragedians, 
comedians, millionaires, fops and love-lorn maidens, to their own 
satisfaction at least. From the proceeds of these entertainments, 
increased by liberal donations from members of the faculty, and 
appropriations from the society treasury, a valuable collection of 
books was secured. As the growth of the college library rendered 
the society library unnecessary, these books were sold in 1884, and 
the proceeds used to assist the Websters in purchasing furniture 
for the new society hall. It was then found necessary to institute 
dues, which were at first fixed at ten cents per term, but afterwards 
raised to twenty-five. 

On the whole, the work of this society has been very harmonious, 
and fines, suspensions and expulsions, things so common in most 
college societies, have been but infrequently resorted to, there 
being little or no occasion for such work. 

By consent of the faculty, the society appeared with its first 



174 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

Annual Exhil)ition, in 1882. It lias appeared each year since, and 
these entertainments have proved one of the most enjoyable features 
of the society. 

Meetings are now held in the neatly furnished hall set apart for 
college societies, in the south wing of the main building, with a 
high average attendance of its fifty-six active members. It con- 
tinues to play its part in the training obtained in this institution. 



LIST OF PRESIDING OFFICERS. 
1868-69— L. B. Tolan, C. N. Points, J. C. Soupene, H. F. Miller. 
1869-70— J. C. eoupene, D. R. Sandcliiff, C. O. Benton, A. F. Stewart. 
1870-71— A. F. Stewart, W. D. Gilbert, J. H. BaUer, W. B. Davis. 
1871-72— C. D. Walker, Edgar Rose. 
1874-75— G. H. Failyer, G. A. Gale, S. C. Scheumaker. 
1875-76— Nellie Sawyer EecMc, A. A. Stewart, G. A. Gale. 
1876-77— Wm. Ulrich, W. P. Burnham, J. S. Griffing. 
1877-78— W. H. Sikes, A. E. Wilson, A. A. Stewart, G. L. Piatt. 
1878-79— A. T. Blain, C. J. Reed, W. H. Sikes, G. H. Perry, jr. 
1879-80— G. E. Rose, G. H. Piatt, E. P. Coleman, M. E. Sickels, W. N. Rose. 
1880-81— W. J. Lightfoot, W. J. Jeffrey, F. M. Jeffrey. 
1881-82-Geo. Hopper, J. T. Willard, I. D. Gardiner. 
1882-83— F. W. Dunn, Jacob Lund, M. M. Lewis. 
1883-84— Henry M. Cottrell, Geo. C. Peck, Effie E. AVoods Sluirtel. 
1884-85— F. J. Rogers, A. Dike, F. Henrietta Willard Calvin. 
1885-86— W. E. Whaley, A. M. Green, Ida H. Quinby Onrdiner. 
1886-87— D. W. Working, Nellie Cottrell Stiles, C. A. Murphy. 
1887-88— C. G. Clarke, Bertha M. Bacheller, O. L. Utter. 
1888-89— Hattie Gale Sanders, Emma A. Allen, H. W. Stone. 
1889-90— Emma Secrest, Marie B. Senn, E. P. Smith. 
1890-91— Neliie McDonald, E. C. Thayer, W. W. Hutfo. 



ROLL OF MEMBERS. 
'91. 
Christine M. Corlet', W. W. Hutto, E. C. Thayer, 

Mary E. Cottrell, Nellie E. McDonald, Effie J. Zimmerman. 

Delpha M. Hoop, Lillian A. St. John, 

'92. 
G. A. Browning, J. N. Harner, May Secrest, 

Grace M. Clark, R. A. Mcllvain, J. E. Thackrey, 

G. L. Clothier, Kate Oldham, Winifred Westgate. 

Elizabeth Edwards, Birdie E. Secrest, 



ALPHA BETA SOCTETY. 



175 



Maggie Campbell, 
Martha D. Campbell, 
R. A. Clark, 
Martha A. Cottrell, 
Louise Daly, 

A. L. Brooks, 
Grace Dille, 
G. W. Fryhofer, 
Nora Fryhofer, 
David Gamble, 
Carrie Hall, 
Hugo Halstead, 
Martha Hoyt, 



'93. 
E. A. Gardiner, 
Maude Gardiner. 
E. W. Gilkerson, 
Pamelia Hoyt, 
Fred Hulse, 

'94. 
S. O. Huffman, 
W. O. Lyon, 
Onie Hulett, 
L. McGrath, 
R. B. Meade, 
W. C. Meade, 
A. B. Newell, 
W. H. Phipps, 



J. F. Odle, 
Maude H. Parker, 
-J. E. Taylor, 
Joseph Thoburn, 

C. H. Thompson. 

Joseph Salverson, 
Erna Schroll, 
Emma Skow, 
Fairy Strong, 
Fanny Thackrey, 
Mame D. Thompson. 

D. Timbers, 



THE HERO OF EVERY DAY LIFE. 

[Oration delivered at the U. G. Exhibition, 1890, by Nellie McDonald.] 
The human actions of the present seem never to have been fully 
appreciated. 'Tis the fact that a thing is past that lends to it en- 
chantment. How often do we hear the sigh for days gone by ! 
How much does time magnify and brighten a good deed ! As seen 
in the distant past, the age of chivalry seems to have been the 
most brilliant period of the world's history. But much of this 
pretty illusion is destroyed when we inquire into the condition of 
society at that time. We find that there never was a period when 
human society was more degraded, than during the feudal ages. 
Out of this dark mass of ignorance and superstition, there arose a 
spirit of gallantry toward the weak and defenseless, and especially 
toward woman. Is it not to this half imaginary superiority that we 
owe our fanciful and romantic idea of the knights of chivalry? Like 
Don Quixote, we see in imagination the gallant knight in glitter- 
ing armor, mounted on his noble steed. He is ever on the alert, 
appearing, as if by magic, at the most critical moments to frustrate 
the designs of some villainous conspiracy. Such is the picture we 
draw of the knights of chivalry. And truly, there is much m that 
gallantry to which feudalism gave rise, that at once excites our ad- 
miration and enthusiasm. But, tear from chivalry the glossy drap- 
ery with which the poets have veiled it, and you will behold it in 
all its deformities. 



1 76 COLLEGE *S YMPOSIUM. 

There is, however, no sta^e 6f existence throuirh which society 
has passed, that has not had some advantages. These heroes with 
their gallantry and consideration for woman, merit our everlasting 
esteem and gratitude; for it was during the feudal ages that woman 
received an influence she never before possessed. 

But as the artificial is to the real, the false to the true, so stands 
the knights of chivalry to our own hero of every day life. 

There is a class of men, whom it is perhaps not proper to call 
heroes of every day life, yet who deserve our especial attention. I 
refer to the heroes of science. Those self-sacrificing spirits devote 
their whole lives and energies to the acquisition of that knowledge 
for which the world has ever stood so much in need. To them we 
are under lastinof oblitrations. To them we owe the marvelous, re- 
suits of our own civilization. Words cannot express the esteem and 
gratitude they deserve. 

But where shall we find our hero of every day life? Do we 
find his name in the pages of history ? No ! Still less does the 
world resound with his praises. If we would find our ideal we 
must search the humble abode of those unpretentious men whose 
highest ambition is the practice of truth and virtue. What care 
they for glory ? Such was the motive that led to the protest 
against the English Church. From the very depths of our hearts 
we can say, all honor to our Pilgrim fathers, to that vast host of 
working men who subdued the wilderness and the wild beast, and 
to whom we owe the marvelous results of our own civilization. But 
shall we give due praise to dead heroes and turn a deaf ear to the 
humble laboring heroes of our own time V Are not many of them 
doing as much to make the rough places smooth, both for the pres- 
ent and future generation as did our Pilo-rim fathers ? Then let us 
honor them while they live, let us encourage them while we may. 
Let us lend a helping hand and lighten their burdens, so that they 
too may have time for mental improvement. And now as we speak 
the hollow reverberating praises' of past ages let us raise our voices 
in commendation of the laborers of to-day. 

Who is more worthy of praise than those self-denying fathers 
and mothers who toil early and late that their children may have 
greater advantages than they had themselves? There stands the 
mother at the wash tub in her homely garb, toiling beyond her 



ALPHA BETA !SOVIETY. 177 

strength that her loved ones may have those privileges she so longed 
for, but which were denied her. And who does not know of a father 
who works from morn till night, through summer suns and winter 
storms, denying himself everything that his sons and daughters may 
be well educated? Do not sneer at their want of culture, or their 
slavish occupation, for if they had no conception of a higher life they 
would not labor thus for such a cause. 

To my mind one of the most heroic actions ever witnessed is the 
youth battling against an inherited tendency toward intemperance. 
How unjustly he is blamed for giving way to his appetite! He 
only knows how great and how almost hopeless is the struggle. 

No, my friends, the world has not yet recognized its truest, 
bravest and noblest heroes; those who are laboring for the advance- 
ment of mankind, for the common brotherhood of man. They are 
fighting ignorance in all its hydra-headed forms. They are banish- 
ing physical suffering and bloodshed, whereas the former hero's 
glory was measured by the extent of his destroying powers. If we 
would see that which is worthy of the name of heroism, we must 
look for it among those whose ambitions have never been influenced 
by selfish motives — among those who have striven to be good, 
rather than to be great — to bless others rather than aggrandize 
themselves. Their names have found no place in the world's his- 
tory; the beauty of their daily lives has passed all unseen, save by 
the angels; yet it has blessed the world. In this high heroism all 
can take part. It lives in the heart of the nation, and the body of 
this great republic bears the noblest blood of nearly three centuries 
of x\merican heroes. The field is as broad as the world, its aim as 
hiofh as the heavens. 



HARMONY OF TWO NATURES. 

[An oration deliveied at the Alpha Beta Exhibition in 1891, by Delpha Ho ,p.] 
Have you ever watched the growth of the rosebud to the flower? 
Have you seen the bit of green swell and grow until it burst the 
bonds that hid its beauty and gave you a glimpse of the treasure 
within those green walls? And then, in pleased wonder, did you 
see the flower unfolding its delicate petals to the sunlight, breath- 
ing its fragrance on the delighted air, opening more and more, un- 
12— 



178 COLLEGE 8YMP0SLUM. 

til a beautiful, perfect rose had taken the place of the sini|)le bud? 
Have you seen this — yes, and loved it, too, for you could not help 
loving if you saw'? 

You who have seen this, did you ever observe the growth of an- 
other flower — the flower of human life, of human nature? Yes, 
you have watched the child, first struggling to comprehend the re- 
lation of selfishness to its acts, grasping the ideas of right and 
wrong, broadening all its thought, growing, expanding ever. You 
have seen the nobler nature within it, unfolding, pushing its way 
through temptations, rising again, ever going forward, sometimes 
defeated, always triumphant. And vou that are old have been per- 
mitted to rejoice in the full, glorious life that has been moulded 
by the once weak child. 

No higher joy can there be than this. Over and over again, I 
doubt not you have thought, " an honest man's the noblest work of 
God." But again you have seen the flower wither before it had 
ceased to be a bud. You have been disappointed many a time to 
find, when the rose was burst, that a worm was at the heart. So it 
is, too, with many a human life. It never realizes the great result 
for which it was designed. The '" worm in the bud" has eaten away 
too much of the nobler life. 

There is an analogy between these two flowers. In all relations 
can Nature and human nature be said to resemble each other. The 
greatest difference arises from the fact that human nature is so 
much the higher, and yet, the nearer to it we place Nature, the 
more true we become to human nature. 

Everywhere the influence of Nature upon man has been for 
good. She teaches him of higher things. The least, the lowliest 
thing in nature has its own lesson to teach if we will only listen, 
for as Longfellow tells us, 

" Nothing useless is, or low, 

Each thing in its place is best; 
And what seems but idle show 

Strengthens and supports the rest." 

"All are but parts of one stupendous whole. 
Whose body Nature is, and God the soul;" 

and it but follows that a closer communion with Nature gives a 
better and holier knowledge of her God. The sympathy between 



ALPHA BETA SOCIETY. 179 

man and Nature is instinctive. Those who understand and appre- 
ciate Nature least, are not insensible to her soothing influence. 

What a relief it sometimes is to get away from the hurry and 
worry the world is often in, and forget it all in the contemplation of 
the beauties of Nature! We know that we have in her a friend 
that never changes. She is always ready with some manifestation 
of her sympathy when our human friends puzzle us too much, or 
are unusually trying. In loving Nature we do not take away any 
of the love for man, but by our love for her, are enabled to 
give a nobler, more unselfish and understanding love to man. One 
of Nature's highest missions is to help us to understand one an- 
other. We must not judge people, or misjudge them, rather, by 
that which appears on the surface. As has often been said, "The 
most precious jewel may be found in the roughest casket." Not 
only that, but with many people it requires a long acquaintance to 
reach their true selves, and we are liable to hastily conclude that 
they are unsympathetic, or at least unresponsive. If we could only 
look into the hearts of those around us, more true and enduring 
friendships would be formed; and hosts of people, now indifferent 
to each other, would be friends. 

Nature shows to us only what we are able to understand. For 
each one of us, she is just what we make her. We may blind our 
sight and look upon a beautiful landscape unmoved. AVe may see 
a tree clothe itself in its green mantle for spring and feel no joy in 
its beauty. We may listen to the singing of the birds with no 
feeling of sympathy or love. The love of Nature is, in a great de- 
gree, the result of education. It grows with our growth. To the 
child, a leaf is simply pretty, but when the mind of the child has 
been developed the leaf is no longer merely beautiful, but it tells 
him of a law, wonderful and harmonious, that has given it being. 

Very many people live all their lives without giving one real 
earnest thought to the nature that is around them. For them there 
is no delight in a moonlight night, no beauty in the form of the 
snowflake, no Supreme Being speaking in the voice of the water- 
fall. Truly, of them it may be said, "Eyes have they, but they see 
not; ears, but they hear not." Often they say they have no time 
for such things. But of such things is the purest pleasure in 
nature made up. It is a part of our being that we need such things 



180 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

to make us happy. God has given us all these beautiful surround- 
ings for some purpose. The enjoyment of them is not alone to the 
rich, but to the poorest laborer as well. What less can we do than 
to appreciate and be grateful for them? 

The power to love Nature is innate, but whether we use that 
power depends almost wholly upon ourselves. We may become so 
taken up with our daily cares, so intent upon business affairs, that 
we really do have no time to see or feel any of the good and beau- 
tiful things in nature. We bridle our imagination, afraid that it 
may make for us a pearl out of a drop of dew; afraid that as we 
watch the sunset, instead of the gold and crimson clouds, set in a 
blue sky, we niay see the celestial glory streaming through the 
gates of heaven. There is no greater mistake than this, for, by the 
aid of the imagination, we see not only what is, but what may be; all 
the possibilities hidden in the simplest thing. We always think of 
heaven as having all things lovely and harmonious. If we wish to 
enjoy them fully there, we must love and understand, as far as we 
are able, the tilings we have with us here. This life is l)ut the prep- 
aration for the life to come, and it is our duty to bring into it and 
make a part of ourselves all that is good or productive of good. 



MAKE THYSELF A NAME. 

The desire to distinguish ourselves, to rise above the common 
herd, to carve out a name and fame that shall exist long after we 
have returned to the dust, seems to be an almost universal one, and 
various have been the means resorted to to gratify it. History 
tells of one whose splendid victories for a time dazzled the world; 
the Persians, the Egyptians, the Hindoos, alike went down before 
him. The Scythian fled to the desert at his approacli, the Arabs 
acknowledged his supremacy; among all the nations there was 
found none who could successfully oppose him. Yet, great as 
Alexander was, he fell a victim to his own unconquered passions. 
Verily, he made himself a name, but it was by slaughtering count- 
less thousands, by making himself a merciless butcher. 

A ship is sailing from an English ])ort. Leaning against the 
taffrail and gazing at the receding land, fading for aught he knew 
forever from his sight, is a young man who is destined to achieve 



ALPHA BETA SOCIETY. 181 



grander conquest than any ever imagined by Alexander. In the 
prime of life, voluntarily exiling' himself from home, friends and 
country, to carry the gospel to the Hindoos. 

To-day on the banks of the Ganges, thousands of dusky Chris- 
tians speak the name of Carey with reverence, with love almost ap- 
proaching adoration. Alexander's empire lasted only while he 
lived; but the empire founded in India by William Carey will last 
as long as the earth stands. 

The deeds of Carey are not written on blood-stained pages, but 
stamped upon the hearts of those upon whom he conferred the twin 
blessings of the gospel and civilization. Who remembers, to-day, 
the o-enerals that distino-uished themselves in the Crimean war? No- 
body! The names of Ragland, Scarlett, Cardigan and St. Amand 
are recorded in history, 'tis true, but the deeds of their bearers are 
forgotten; but the name of that heroine, devoted hospital nurse who 
cared for their sick and wounded soldiers, Florence Nightingale 
is fresh in the memory of every man. 

Who ever thinks, or even knows, that Cotton Mather was the 
author of three hundred and eighty-two works? Even the titles of 
many of them are forgotten. Poor, weary, discouraged and house- 
less Payne gave to the world one simple little song of only two 
verses, but it, coming from a homeless heart, touched a sympathetic 
chord of the heart of humanity, and the whole world has sung that 
song until the name and story of its author, .John Howard Payne, 
are known wherever there are homes or homeless ones. 

If you would make yourself a name, do something the w^orld 
can appreciate; something that will be of benefit to others as well as 
yourself. Write your name on humane hearts as well as on the 
pages of history. Humanity is not ungrateful, but it is just. If 
you leave anything behind you worthy its remembrance, you will 
be remembered; if not, you will be forgotten, or worse, remain in 
history as a mere name and nothing more. 

John W. VanDeventer. 



A YIEW FROM ARAPAHOE. 
One of the most interesting of Colorado's many peaks is that 
named the Arapahoe, situated near the central part of the State. 
Viewed from the foothills it appears in shape like a pyramid, but 



182 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

from the oreater distance the angular outline is lost, and one sees 
only the sharp, white point rising high above surrounding hills. 

It was a pleasant July morning during the summer of '83, 
when, in company with two companions, I made the ascent of this 
peak. As I stood upon the summit and looked across the country 
lying below, what wonder that I almost became entranced? I 
thought it the grandest view of nature ever presented to me. 

To the east, beyond the foothills, lay the barren plains of Colo- 
rado, dotted with hundreds of lakes, reflecting like mirrors the 
clear sunlight. From the northeast could be traced like a silvery 
thread the course of the Platte river. Looking south we could see 
vast herds of grazing cattle. Again and again we tried to dis- 
cover a limit to the boundless expanse of country, but all in vain; 
each time the prairie faded into a blue haze. Close to the foothills 
nestled the town of Boulder, and far to the southeast could be 
seen faintly outlined the " Queen City of the West" — Denver. 
North and south the mountains streak away in one long continuous 
chain, broken here and there by such peaks as Long's, Gray's and 
Pike's. They seemed like giants keeping watch over their weaker 
fellows. The columns of blue smoke rising from canons and moun- 
tain sides indicated the location of many a thriving mining camp. 
To the west lay that great natural basin. Middle Park, with its 
gentle rolling surface and groves of slender pines. Starting at the 
foot of the peak, a chain of minature lakes, with waters as green as 
emerald, extended far out into the park. In whatever direction we 
turned our eyes, something new presented itself. When we finally 
took our leave it was with a feelino- akin to regret: reofret because 
we could not see it all. W. E. Wiialey. 



SHADOWS OF LIFE. 

Everyone has, on a bright summer day, observed the shadows 
cast upon the earth by scattering clouds, first appearing over the 
hill tops, then gradually enveloping the observer, and then receding 
in the distance. 

In the same way there are clouds of sorrow and disappointn\ent 
that hide from us the sunshine of happiness. And we may often 
see them appearing from the distance, then overwhelming us for a 
time, then pass away and all becomes brightness and beauty. 



ALPHA BETA ."SOCIETY. 183 

And after all, this is perhaps the better for us. As, after the 
passage of clouds, the sunshine becomes more delightful in contrast 
with the shadow, so the pleasures and prospects of life are far more 
enjoyable to us after having experienced its sorrows. Again, amid 
the eacrerness and intentness with which we are engfaofed in some 
pursuit or pastime, we may become unconscious of cloud shadows 
about us, so, when clouds of adversity come over us and disappoint- 
ment meets us on every hand, we may forget our own troubles by 
trying to comfort and encourage others who are weary of life's 
burdens. 

In this way we may not only make ourselves happier but bright- 
en the pathway of others. 

In times of darkness and of gloom, 

When all is care and strife. 
Oh, how we cast a summer's bloom 

By a pure and noble life. 

.M. A. Carlton. 



THE KATES. 



Did you ever think of the uani^ of Kate, 
And of some wlio chance to bear it, 

How queer they look, and talk and act; 
Some bad, and some with merit? 

Now deli-Kate is a lovely Miss, 

Both modest and refined; 
But nobler far, is edu-Kate: 

She elevates the mind. 

Base fabri-Kate none will believe, 

Her talk is too absurd. 
Twin sister of prevari-Kate, 

Who never keeps her word. 

Beware, I say, of tripli-Kate, 

For if she takes you in 
You'll have to call on extri-Kate 

To get you out again; 

And then, pertiaps, on vindi-Kate 

To make your actions clear; 
Ot else resort to suppli-Kate 

To reach a listenina,- ear. 



184 COLLEGE SYMPOSIVM. 



Miss intri-Kate's ;i imzzling girl; 

You'll never find her out; 
She is always leagued -with compli-Knte. 

To put your wits to rout. 

Equivo-Kate ne'er speaks ihe truth, 

For falseliood's her delight; 
And expli-Kate, with all her skill, 

Don't make the matter right. 

And dup i-KatP, 1 grieve to say, 

Oft passes for another; 
And tripli-Kate, so near alike, 

You can't tell one from t'other. 

But indi-Kate points out the fact 

That corrus-Kate is shunning. 
While invo-Kate, in pleading tones, 

For each one asks a blessing. 

But lest I hear from impre-Kate, 

I'll call the roll no farther; 
But simply say that convo-Kate 

Will bring us all together. 

Jno. W. VanDevente^. 



WANTS OF A THIKD-YEAh'. 

" Man wants but little here below. 

Nor wants that little long." 
The third-year says this is not so, 

Instead, is very wrong. 
" His wants are many^ and if told 

Would muster manj- a score; 
And were each wish a mine of gold 

He still would wish for more." 

What first he wants is a passing grade. 

And of "cheek" a steady gain; 
For thus, you know, his right is laid 

In college to remain. 
He wants a " stand in " with the profs., 

An ever winning way^; 
At all their jokes he loudly laughs. 

And then he 's sure to stay. 

He wants, when in mechanic's room 

And U]i before Prof. Hood, 
A mirror to reflect his doom, 



ALPHA BETA SOVIETT. 185 

O, if he "only could!" 
He wants to draw a map so grand, 
And fix it up in style; 
.That he with artists rare may stand 
And praised be, all the while. 

When the Ag. supper 'gain is near 

With all its goodly things. 
He wants to be a tecond-year 

And share the joy it brings. 
He wants to have just lots of fun 

A-sliding down the hill; 
But what a risk he has to run 

When called to " fill the bill." 

He wants to go to every show, 

Likewise, to every dance, 
Without regard for future woe 

From zeros made by Lantz. 
He wants to be a perfect dude 

And make the natives stare; 
And would not falter to be rude, 

If that would get him there. 

He wants a declamation fine. 

Not old and stale and dry; 
But one outside the usual line, 

The seniors to outvie. 
He wants to be a U. G., sure, 

And on the stage appear. 
To talk in language most obscure, 

The while tiie seniors jeer. 

He wants to organize his class 

And make it strong and true; 
But then he never can amass 

His forces so to do. 
He wants the seal of power and place, 

The ensign of command. 
Charged by his classmates' unbought grace 

To rule tlie third-year baud. 

He wants a keen, observing eye, 

A firm and level head; 
Yet oft he rushes in to die 

Where angels fear to tread. 
He wants to realize his dream 



186 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

Of future and of fiinie, 
And has matured full many a scheme 
To perpetuate his name. 

His last great want, absorbing all, 

Is, when a fourth-year grim, 
Intelligence not quite so small, 

A mind not quite so slim, 
Enough hard cash his board to pay. 

And grades of which to brag; 
A chance to speak commencement day, 

A partner for the " rag." 



AN ATOM OF OXYGEN. 

Late one evening as I sat thinking of molecules, of atoms, and 
of vibrations, and pondering the question of the persistence of 
motion, of creation, of existence, and of dissolution, I became 
strangely conscious that in a mysterious manner something was en- 
deavoring to communicate with me. I listened; I looked; I felt; 
but all in vain. I said, "Who are you that thus assails my 
thoughts?" Then in some strange inexplicable supersensual man- 
ner I became conscious of the following communication: 

"T am an atom of oxygen. In dimensions I am only remarkable 
for my smallness. The traditional comparison to a mustard seed 
would, in my case, be but a mockery; for I am as many times smaller 
than a mustard seed as it is smaller than the pyramids of Egypt. 
My fellows more than make up for my deficiency in size. Drops of 
water in the ocean and grains of sand on the sea shore would be a 
poor comparison, for every grain of sand and every drop of water 
contain thousands of millions of my fellows. As to my properties, 
I can only say that I am indivisible and unalterable. When was I 
liornV I was not born. Sometimes I almost persuade myself that 
I was not created, but that there never was a time when I was not. 
When all was chaos — long before when God said, 'Let there be 
light,' I existed. After order had been established I and my 
fellow's were the chief agents in that wonderful upbuilding and 
destruction that has not yet ceased. We floated in the air; bound 
to atoms of hydrogen we formed the waters; and united to other 
atoms we formed half of the solid globe itself. J3ut the world was 
not destined to continue to be a scene of desolation. With my aid 



ALPHA BETA SOCIETY. 187 

plants came into existence and T found myself bound to an atom of 
carbon hurrying to their leaves, there to be shaken asunder by the 
rays of the sun; next to become the breath of life to some animal; 
later on, being bound to atoms of hydrogen forming water, I was 
again found to be indispensable to all life. And when proud man 
came to the stage of existence, his every action, his every thought, 
his very existence was hopelessly dependent on atoms like myself. 

" My personal adventures have been numberless. At one time it 
would be my fate to form part of a body of a Napoleon; the next 
change might find me a part of the rust on his sword, aiding to 
propel his missies of death; in the tear drops trembling on the 
lashes of a mother made childless by his success; flowing from the 
pen that signed his abdication, filling the sails of the vessel that 
took him to St. Helena, or forming part of his winding sheet. 

" Continuous, never ending motion has been my lot. I have 
been the agent of ceaseless changes. With the aid of me and with 
the aid of my fellows, civilization has been developed, nations have 
risen, great minds have flourished, wonderful discoveries have been 
made, glorious thoughts have been put forth, and yet changeless 
and unchangeable forever have I been. Unchangeable have I 
witnessed the formation of the world, the progress of life, and the 
rise of intelligence; and unchanged will I remain when the earth 
will be destroyed, the moon cease to shine, the sun grow dim, 
and the stars fade away. In all the manifold and wonderful 
changes that I have wrought, not once have I had any choice. I 
have always yielded with mathematical certainty to the strongest 
force that presented itself. And yet no force, however powerful, 
can ever crush or change me in the slightest particular. 

" My future can be but a repetition of the past. I may aid in the 
development of intelligence and of civilization far transcending 
that of to-day; or I may be one of the agents of an equally great 
degradation. It matters nothing to me, for I will forever remain 
an atom of senseless matter. As oxygen, I am an agent of perpet- 
ual change; as an atom I am as changeless as God himself."" 

F. J. Rogers. 



188 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

CiNLY A DREAM. 
The day was fair; the air was mild — 
Tiie streams and birds made music rare; 
Not e'en m\' thoughts I called my own, 
For I had banished every care. 
My only wish, my one desire. 
As my bug-net lay by my side, 
Was that some rare but stupid bug 
Might into its interior glide. 
I glanced toward the cheese-cloth sack, 
'T was moving to and fro; 
I gently raised the circled wire 
To see an awful show! 
The bug I saw within that net 
Was larger than my head; 
Its eyes looked just like coals of fire. 
Or saucers colored red. 
The antenna was clavate like, — 
Looked like a base ball bat; 
Its mandibles like grappling-hooks, 
Between them was my hat. 
He dropped the hat and at me ran. 
Too scared was I to flee. 
But stood and screamed this, o'er and o'er, 
"Scat, you Sanudnda'.'''' 

'T was sister who my hand did grasp. 
And smoothed my ruffled hair, 
And said, " I 'm sorry, Jennie, dear. 
You 've had such a nightmare. 
Now go to sleep and rest till morn, — 
Why, you "re all out of breath, — 
Forget these horrid hexapods 
Or the}" '11 worry j-ou to death." 



W. W. IllTTO. 



FRIENDSHIP. 



The world, so they say, is full of deceit, 
And friendship a jewel we seldom can meet. 
How strange does it seem, that, in searching around, 
This source of delight is so rare to be found. 

When fortune is smiling, Avhole crowds may appear, 
'I'heir kindness to offer, with friendship sincere; 
Yet change but the prospect and point out distress. 
No long 'r to count yon they eagerly press. 



ALPHA BETA SOCIETY. 189 



Oh, friendship! thou balm and ricli sweetness of life, 
Kind parent of ease and composer of strife, 
Without thee, alas! what are riches and power, 
But empty delusions — the joys of an hour? 

How much to be prized and esteemed is a friend 
On whom we may always with safety depend, 
Our joys when extended will always inci'ease, 
Our grief forever is hushed into peace. 

And whether the world condemn or approve, 
There is one that will cover our faults with His love; 
His friendship and care on this world He has given. 
And promises sweet of a bright home in heaven. 

LiLLIE BU[DC4MAX. 



NOT TO THYSELF ALONE. 

Did it ever occur to you that all mankind is one great selfish 
individual, findino' the consummation of all aspirations in self grati- 
fication y In him how little sympathy exists ; how little brotherly 
love, that feeling which renders the interests of others as precious 
as our own! Would you see this selfishness exhibited? Then 
come with me into the streets of the city. 

1 believe that a dry goods box on the street corner is the best 
school. Here your books are human beings and your lessons 
human nature. The streets themselves and the very buildings 
seem to be bent on naught but their own interest. From the mag-- 
nificent marble palace of commerce to the dilapidated little shoe 
shop, from one street's end to the other there dangles and flaps in 
the rustling wind, the index to what the stores contain. Shop win- 
dows are shining with glossy fabrics, or glittering with tinkling 
jewels, or overflowing with delicacies, tempting the eye with ap- 
peals to the stomach. The shop keepers are fighting for self; and 
how maliciously they eye each other as a customer passes on to a 
neighbor. But look to the sidewalk, where we come into man's 
sphere. I wonder if we then reach a higher plane. Looking at the 
crowd collectively, it seems to be a conglomerate mass of men, 
women and children; the molecular individuals of which are ar- 
ranging themselves as incessantly as if obeying some mechanical 
law. 

Analyze this mass of humaniiy and view the individuals, as the 



190 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

wnorganized procession goes by you. It takes all kinds of men to 
make up this world of ours, and in no place is this more evident 
than here. Now passes portly independence, personified in the 
form of an elderly gentleman, whose manner and tread are that the 
sidewalk was laid for his especial benefit. Next the peacock ele- 
ment of humanity appears in the form of a millionaire's wife. She 
is self-consciousness adorned. Stand aside! Here comes a ten cent 
cigar with fire on one end and a fool on the other, who is heir to a 
delicate cane, that reposes meekly under its master's arm. His 
mind is dwelling on the contrast between the third and the fifth vow- 
els. Here is the farmer intent on his business; there the schoolboy 
exultant in a holiday; here again, the stirring newsbo}-, the sloven 
bootblack, the professional man and the professional idler — -men 
and women; white and black; rich and poor; innocent and guilty — 
all are here, and all seek the good of self alone. 

A crowd is a lonesome place. Gradually they gather into little 
groups; groups in greeting and in parting; groups of idle tongues 
at the corner, base wretches, commentors on passers by, enveloped 
in smoke, rivals in profanity. Again they disappear and are lost in 
silence. 

The Pharisees and Levites are numerous, but the good Samari- 
tans are few indeed. Here is an old colored woman, lame and 
feeble," limping along through the throng of men, subject to the 
jeers of idle loafers, spurned by men and shunned by women, yet 
she is braving the world alone — "urged on by peerless want," 
What a chance for mercy; what an opportunity for showing true 
manliness in lifting a burden from a human soul ! Oh ! Have you 
no heart, idle jester? Have you no tears for somebody's mother? 
'Twill brighten your joys to lift her burden. 'Twill bring a ray of 
sunlight into two hearts. 'Twill be a spring of joy in a desert of 
grief. A sparkle from those eyes and a " God bless you" beaming 
from every wrinkle in that aged countenance will repay you richly 
for your kindness, and still you do not volunteer. AVhat a crowd 
of selfish men ! 

Are you tired of human beings? Then turn again to the streets. 
The day is declining, and one by one vacancies are being made 
where first we saw the farmer's team standing. The continuous line 
is being broken and the intervals grow wider and wider, while the 



ALPHA BETA SOCIETY. 191 

clatter and roar, with their reverberating echoes, " deaden and 
deafen the ear with their sound." What do you see in the distance, 
approaching the city? It is a hearse, a hungry living sepulchre, 
coming from the city of the dead. Its reckless roll on the stone 
paved streets seems to be voicing the hollow, mocking tones of 
disregard for humanity that the whole brazen world is muttering. 

But old Sol is sinking in the distant horizon. As he throws the 
last ray on the city, it is lit up with a golden lustre, and stands 
participating in the resplendent grandeur of the light of day. 
Each decked in his own most gorgeous robe cordially bids the other 
good night. The teams are gone; the town is still save the noise of 
men, my brothers, ever reaping something new; still hammering, 
still chiseling, till the clock on the tower announces the hour of six 
— then all is quiet. 

Then does night throw the mantle of darkness on fleeting day, 
stars upon stars in the infinite realms of space conspire in vain to 
lift night's sable pinions. Darkness, the king of night, reigns. 
Self is gone, and the beautiful stars, " the forget-me-nots of the 
angels," spread their soft radiance over all. How happy they 
seem as they twinkle alike for all ! Can we not, like the stars, 
forget ourselves and throw little rays of light into the hearts of 
those around us? Can we not be, instead of a burden maker, a 
burden bearer in this one great human family to which we belong? 
A kindly word and a friendly smile will live through eternity, and 
the God who is in all and who rules all in that mysterious realm, 
will place in your crown jewels that shall shine forever unto those 
whom you have left behind. C. G. Clarke. 



A MODERN FABLE IN VEKSE. 
Once upon a pleasant evening, 

Not so very long ago, 
Gay and festive college students 

Went to see a meteor show. 
They were anxious, so they started 

For to get a first-class view 
And to further their ambition, 

Started out in squads of two. 
The meteors were to be recorded, 

But one fellow lost his book: 
Long, but vainly, through his pockets, 



192 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 



Did this hapless student look; 
])ut his lad}', wouimd fashion, 

Said that since it came to this, 
She'd agree to record meteors 

Through the medium of a kiss. 
Soon a heavenly body flitted; 

'Twas a real meteor — this, 
And its advent soon was followed 

By that blissful record kiss. 
Then a firefly flitted past them, 

While the heavens were dark and dim, 
And she innocently asked him, 

" Wasn't that another, Jim?" 
Now the fireflies went on record 

While the meteors came but rare: 
But still faithful in recording 

Were the scientific pair. 
But tlie fireflies seemed so drowsy. 

And the meteors seemed so few. 
That tlie records were not frequent 

And they scarce knew what to do. 
Soon the rumbling of a freight train 

In the valley upward rose, 
And the headlight of the engine 

Like a fiery meteor glows, 
As the should be meteor passed them — 

The bright headlight of the train, 
He to keep a perfect record 

Promptly kissed his Susan Jane. 
But the trains were slow in coming, 

And the meteors slower still, 
Yet the freight train, slow in starting, 

Lingered by the city mill. 
Now the switchman's lights are ijlt-amiug, 

Flashing signals — that and this — 
And each movement went on record 

By a meteoric kiss. 
They have wed; no more they linger 

Watching midnight meteor showers. 
Others take their place in watching 

Meteors, in the " wee sma' hours." 
Science may predict a falsehood, 

But still it is not to blame, 
For in case of false predictions. 

Kissing goes on just the same. H. W. Jones. 




18— 



194 COLLEGE STMPOSLUM. 



HISTORY. 

The immediate causes of the dissolution of the "Bluemont Lit- 
erary Society" are somewhat shrouded in mystery. Suffice it to 
say, however, that the result of the turmoil which accompanied and 
succeeded its demise was the ororaiiization of the present Webster 
Society, under the caption of the "Websterian Literarj^ Debating 
Society," as proposed by Mr. Williston. The name was soon 
changed to "The AVebster Literary Society," as it now stands, and 
a constitution was immediately adopted and placed in the hands of 
the printer for publication. 

The birth and subsequent development dates from the 12th of 
October, 1868. Among those whose names appear as charter mem- 
bers niay be mentioned: J. F. Johnson (since dead), J. P. Shan- 
non, C. O. AVhedon, C. H. Young, J. D. Houston, jr., A. F. White 
and S. Wendell Williston. 

For nearly three years the society was on a very precarious 
footing, owing as much as anything, perhaps, to the fact that the 
society spent the most of its time in electing officers and the re- 
mainder in challenging the Alpha Betas to join debates, instead of 
attending to their legitimate duties. In January, 1871, Mr. C. O. 
Whedon was appointed to secure a charter for the society-, which 
was accordingly done. The name, object, etc., were placed on file 
in the State Auditor's office. 

At the suggestion of Prof. Hougham, who proposed to give 
five dollars, provided the society should give an equal amount, a 
library was started in February, 1872. By various other contribu- 
tions and donations of books and papers, the library grew in use- 
fulness to the society until the fall term of 1885, when it num- 
bered 250 volumes. At this time, deeming it unnecessary for the 
society to own a library when the college library was at the dis- 
posal of the members, and being in special need of funds to defray 
the expenses of furnishing the new society hall, it was sold at 
auction. 

Saturday, March 80, 1878, the first monthly edition of the 
Webster Reporter appeared, with A. N. Godfrey as its editor. A 
few months later the semi-monthly Reporter appeared, and has 



WEBSTER SOCIETY. 195 

been continued to date. The interest taken in the paper is mani- 
fested in the attention given it, and in the regularity of its issue. 
The drill furnished by it has been a source of both pleasure and 
profit to all taking part. 

The large assembly which met to witness the work of the so- 
ciety at its first annual exhibition, March 29, 1888, showed how 
much the public had become interested in its work, and this, in 
turn, stimulated its members to more zealous activity. Since that 
time they have given to the public, from year to year, the rich 
fruits of their untiring efforts. And now the society holds during 
each year three public exercises, consisting of a special session in 
the fall term, an annual exhibition in the winter term, and an ad- 
dress, given by some person selected by the society, in the spring 
term. It is needless to say that these exercises have always been 
well attended and appreciated by the public. 

Such are the brief outlines of the society's history. Although 
it has long been regarded as the foremost society in the College, 
it can hardly claim such a position now, as new societies have 
sprung up which are justly claiming equal commendation in liter- 
ary work. Its usefulness, however, bids fair to increase, because 
its true members ever heed the truth of the motto: '•'•Labor Omnia 
Vincit.'''' 

The following is a list of the presiding officers: 

PRESIDING OFFICERS. 
1868-9— J. P. Shannon, I. P. Johnson, M. R. Mudge, A. J. White. 
1869-70— C. O. Whedon, O. P. Hippie, S. D. Houston, W. R. Smith. 
1870-1— C. O. Whedon, A. W. Webster, J. Kimble. 
1871-2— P. F. McClure, S. S. Caldwell, P. F. McClure, A. Todd. 
1872-8— A. J. White, Sam Kimble, S. Chenowerth, Sam Kimble, W. S. Ward, 

H. S. Maynard. 
1873-4— ,J. E. Willis, G. T. Martin, E. L. Thorpe, ,Jno. Rogers. 
1874-5— 

1875-6— M. F. Leasure, L. B. Rogers, A. R. Oursler, M. F. Leasure. 
1876-7— J. E. Williamson, L. O. Hoyt, John King, R. A. DeForest. 
1877-8— A. N. Godfrey, A. Todd, B. Anderson, L. A. Salter. 
1878-9— J. Mann, C. M. T. Hulett, H. E. Rushmore, C. E. Wood. 
1879-80— N. A. Richardson, D. S. Leach, A. Beacham, M. A. Reeve. 
1880-1— W. Knaus, 6. F. Thompson, W. S. Myers, S. C. Mason. 
1881-2— J. C. Allen, M. T. Ward, F. W. Beviugton. 
1883-3— J. W. Berry, L. W. Call, J. D. Needham. 



196 



COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 



1883-4— J. W. Shartel, J. H. Calvin, C. L, Marlatt. 
1884-5— A. Lewis. F. A. Hutto, C. D. Pratt. 
1885-6— J. B. Browa, D. G. Robertson, C. M. Breese. 
1886-7— J. E. Payne, F. H. Avery, W. J. Burtis. 
1887-8— E. H. Snyder, C. E. Friend. A. A. Mills. 
1888-9— W. R. Browning, H. S. Willard, W. H. Olin. 
1889-90— E. T. Martin, G. E. Stoker, John Davis. 
1890-1— K. C. Davis, H. W. Avery, S. N. Chaffee. 



W. S. Arbuthnot, 
H. W. Avery, 
J. N. Bridgman, 
C. A. Campbell, 



H. F. Avery, 
E. R. Burtis, 
H. Darnell, 
W. H. Edelblute, 
J. Frost, 



A. K. Barnes, 
E. M. S. Curtis, 
D. T. Davies, 
A. Dickens, 
M. L. Dickson, 
W. S. Dille, 
J. E. Dorman, 



E. L. Beard, 
W. Brown, 
E. A. Clark, 
J. W. Evans, 
C. S. Green, 



ROLL OF MEMBERS. 

'91. 
S. N. Chaffee, 
P. S. Creager, 
K. C. Davis, 
A. A. Gist, 

'92. 
G. C. Gentes, 
J. W. Hartley, 
L. S. Harner, 
R. C. Hunter, 
C. A. Kimball, 

'93. 
R. C. Harner, 
A. S. Houghton, 
M. F. Hulett, 
M. W. McCrea, 
S. R. Moore, 
A. F. Neimoller, 
C. W. Pape, 
C. F. Pf uetze, 

'94. 
Phil Hay, 
G. R. McLeavy, 
P. H. Pagett, 
C. R. Pearson, 
W. W. Robinson, 



D. C. McDowell. 
P. C. Milner, 
J. O. Morse, 

A. J. Rudy, 
H. V. Rudy. 

F. S. Little, 

D. H. Otis, 

B. H. Pugh, 

E. W. Reed, 
W. T. Taylor, 
W. P. Tucker. 

F. E. Rader, 

I. A. Robertson, 

C. B. Selby, 

G. W. Smith, 
W. H. Stewart, 
G. K. Thompson, 
W. M. Town, 

J. C. Wilkin. 



T. B. Sears, 

F. Shaw, 

H. B. Walter, 

J.M.Williams, 

C. D. Young, 

C. O. Whitford. 



WEBSTER SOCIETY. 197 



THROUGH JUSTICE WE CONQUER. 
[Oration Delivered at the Webster Exhibition, 1891, by J. O. Morse.J 

For years the strug-o-le between justice and force has been 
wao-ed. Despotisms have been overthrown, nobilities destroyed 
and slavery abolished; but still, here in our country, where every 
effort has been to forward justice, and protect the rights of men, 
we hear the cry of o|)pressioii. 

The colonists had no sooner gained independence from the 
kings of England, and established a government on free principles, 
than the slavery question was brought before the people. Justice 
clamored for its abolition. Force, backed by custom, by tradition 
and by religion, demanded its continuance. The struggle was long 
and bitter, but in the end the black man walked forth, a citizen — 
another star was added to the crown of justice. 

A quarter of a century has passed since that bitter strife. 
Material growth has been unparalleled. Mighty corporations have 
sprung up, and justice is again called to protect the weak from the 
crushing power of the strong. Well may men ask, how long is 
this struggle to last? Will justice never conquer? Will every 
victory be won only to find the enemy entrenched in stronger 
works? True it is that in the past every victory has been followed 
by a fiercer struggle; that the sceptre of the king is gone, but the 
sceptre of wealth is here ; that the nobility of birth has been 
destroyed, but the nobility of dollars is growing stronger; that the 
sale of men has been forbidden, but the control and sale of labor 
still goes unpunished. 

By these changes humanity has been greatly benefited, but at 
the same time the social questions arising from the new conditions 
are far more difficult than those that have been settled. The evils 
of monarchies, of nobilities, and of slavery were destroyed by 
destroying the power that made them possible. The abuse of the 
power of wealth must be remedied without destroying that power. 
Corporation and monopoly must be made to respect justice, and at 
the same time be allowed to retain that force necessary to carry on 
the great enterprises of to-day. 

Many urge that the relations of capital and labor can be regu- 
lated only by the law of supply and demand; that the opportunities 



198 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 



of the laborer are all that can be asked; and his own idleness and 
vice are the causes of all his misery and want. It is a sad fact that 
there are hundreds of laborers who waste their money and strenffth 
in the grog shops, leaving their families to starve or recruit the vast 
army of paupers and criminals. But there are thousaiKls of others 
who work and save for years, who give the best of their lives to 
their employers, and in the end are forced to see their families 
driven from their homes. Shall we deny these justice because 
there are some black sheep in the labor flock':' 

True the relation of supply to demand is the natural regulator 
of wages and prices, and, if allowed to operate unrestricted, would 
doubtless be just. But is this allowed? No. The law of supply 
and demand of to-day means nothing more than the arrangement 
that will bring the greatest profit to the monopolies in control, and 
this with no regard to justice. "But still capital does not override 
labor. All have equal rights in making the laws. If the laborer 
does not want to work for the wages offered, he can go elsewhere. 
If the farmer does not want to sell for what he can get, he is at 
liberty to keep his produce." These are plausible arguments, but 
if you would be convinced that something is wrong, go to the 
cities and look at the class that has not enough to eat. Look at 
the factories that have shut their doors and turned their employes 
out because the law of supply and demand was lessening their 
profits. Go to the farming community and hear the complaint of 
" no market." 

An over-production and people going hungry in the same land, 
with modern means of transportation, is an absurdity. Logic may 
not be able to find the fallacy in the argument that says this is just, 
but the conscience of every man tells him that the fallacy is there. 
Nothing is just that allows some men millions while others starve. 
It is not liberty to tell the laborer he may work for a dollar a day 
or quit, when he has a family to support. It is not liberty to tell 
the farmer he can sell at prices to the very bottom or keep his 
produce, when he has a mortgage to pay. The laborer has to 
work. The farmer must sell. And the man or the corporation 
that takes advantage of these facts, and forces them to take less 
than their commodities are worth, commits an outrage on justice 
and is an enemy to society. 



WEBSTER SOCIETY. 399 

Justice does not demand the equal distribution of property. 
Tlie capacities to accumulate and utilize wealth are as varied as the 
natures of men. To say that one man should own no more than 
his neighbor would be as absurd as to say that one writer should 
produce no better articles than another, or that no scientist should 
make more discoveries than his contemporaries. The effect of this 
would be to kill industry and ambition, and retard the develop- 
ment of our country. It is the duty of every man to add to the 
wealth of the world as much as his ability will allow, and when, 
like the scientist and writer, the moneyed man will use his special 
ability to improve and increase the comforts of his fellow men, 
there will be no complaint. 

Modern society can be maintained only by the centralization of 
power, but does anyone believe that we cannot have a a^reat com- 
mercial center without a suburb of misery and want; that our great 
manufactories can be operated only by keeping the employes at 
merely maintenance wages; or that the tramp is a necessary ad- 
junct of our great railway systems? 

It is not an answer to the demands of the laborer to say that 
they are better off than those of any other country, or any other 
time. No one doubts this. The question is, are they as well off as 
they should be? Do they get their honest share of the returns from 
the great industries they represent? Have their comforts been in- 
creased in as great a ratio as the products of their labor? I fear 
that these questions can only be answered in the negative. 

The laborers do not wish to scatter the wealth and break the 
power that moves the great industries of to-day, but they do ask 
that this power may not be used to rob their families of food and 
homes, and it is the duty of the government to see that this request 
is granted. Legislation should not attempt to keep men from 
amassing great fortunes, but it should prevent their using this 
power in subjugating their fellow men and in demoralizing society. 

The unscrupulous may always strive to maintain themselves by 
force, but let us not despair. For every victory of justice is re- 
warded by a higher civilization and a happier people. These are 
the victories that have changed despotisms to republics, slaves to 
citizens, and it is by these alone, that the children can be taken 
from the factories and given to the schools, that the hovels may be 



200 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

swept from the land and homes raised in their places, that the 
scales of justice may be made to balance between labor and cap- 
ital, and the wail of misery and the cry of oppression be forgotten. 



WHITVILLE. 

Patient peruser, have you ever heard of WhitvilleV For the 
benefit of the unfortunates who have not, it might be well to state 
that it is the name applied to a boarding house located not far from 
the College gate, and run by Whitney, or rather by his wife. 

Whitville has been the scene of many a " tear." Its walls have 
listened to deep schemes, held many a riotous crowd, and have 
seldom witnessed hard study. Many a time and oft has the unsophis- 
ticated " first-year," sweetly slumbering in the arms of his second- 
year room-mate, started from his downy boarding-house couch, and 
with glaring eyes and bated breath, stammered "wh-wh-h-ats th- 
that?" only to be told: "nuthin' but Whitville broke loose." 

Boys may come and boys may go, but it is firmly believed that 
the crowd that made Whitville its habitation in '87, presents an 
anomaly in the history of the College. Not for scholastic research 
and philosophic profundity. Oh! no. Just the reverse, in fact. 

Who of that motley crew will ever forget the attempt made by 
a couple of "town boys" to go with "our girlsV" Whitville had 
two young lady boarders that year, the pride of the College, the 
joy of Whitville. The young men of the place numbered fifteen. 
When, as it occurred once or twice, those "town boys" returned with 
"our o-irls" from some convivial meetinor and hesitated at the front 
steps for half an hour or more, to commune about the starry flocks 
that roam the azure meads of heaven, then it was that ghostly forms 
might have been seen in the rooms above in hurried consultation; 
others flitting from room to room, rousing sonorous sleepers and 
leaving them with the injunction to '•'■bring soraethivij.'''' Free- 
man's room and Arbuthnot's, which were directly above the front 
steps, were the base of operations that will be left to the imagina- 
tion. There were no more astronomical observations from the 
front steps. 

The successors of the young men alluded to above were Carl 



WEBSTER SOCIETY. 201 



Friend and Teddy Nichols, of the class of '88. At first these gen- 
tlemen fared no better than did their predecessors. 

One eveninu-, while making- their regular weekly visit, the idea 
was conceived that a serenade would be an eminently proper thing 
with which to entertain 0U7- visitors. H. E. Robb had one of the 
finest baritone voices in our company. It resembled a mixture of 
the filing of a saw and the beating of a pie pan. " Bob," however, 
declined our urgent invitation on the ground of a slight bronchial 
trouble, and his rival and collaborator, Whitney's big tom cat, was 
pressed into service. The cat, equatorially suspended from the 
upper story and manipulated by Arbuthnot and Dixon, was soon 
made to execute a series of performances in chromatic scales, runs, 
trills, quavers and demi-semi-quavers that made Bob turn pale with 
envy. 

In a few diplomatic interviews that occurred soon after, it was 
agreed that Whitville would cease hostilities if presented a box of 
cigars. The box was soon forthcoming, and then followed a scene 
in which the biter was bit. 

All of the boys assembled in one room, each determined to have 
his share. The cigars were qviite robust. As several of the party 
were indulging in their first experience in that line, it was not long 
before the ciorar was the strong-er of the two. Were the writer to 
live till the top of his head was as bare as a billiard ball, and his 
face as wrinkled as a dried potato, he would never forget that night, 
for he was the first to seek the outer air and pace the road, 
while he tried to calm rebellious nature. It is in such moments of 
anguish that the wayward boy thinks of home and mother, and 
longs for something to calm the surging billows of his soul and of 
his stomach too. 

The above incident calls to mind Breese's cigar. Breese, who 
married soon after graduation, joined the faculty and sank into 
oblivion, one day sent to town by one of the boys for a cigar, giv- 
ing as an excuse that his tooth ached, or the flies bothered him — 
something in that line anyhow. A short time before, he had been 
delivering a series of after-dinner speeches to "our girls" on the 
evils of drink, the vileness of the tobacco habit, and so on, ad lib. 
He was just concluding an animated elucidation on some kindred 
subject, when the messenger arrived with the cigar and an empty 



202 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

whisky flask which he had picked up by the roadside. It was suo'- 
gested that the two be presented to Breese in the presence of the 
girls. One of the boys rushed into the parlor, and before Breese 
could get away, gave him the articles, with the explanation that "he 
could not get the bottle filled." The expressions of feminine amaze- 
ment, both facial and vocal, baffle description. Breese, it was 
understood, spent the best part of that afternoon in profuse expla- 
nation. 

Did you ever hear of Ben Skinner's flirtation V One day dur- 
ing the spring term, some giddy girls were going past Whitville, 
ostensibly in quest of flowers, when they were seemingly attracted 
by Phil Creager's beaming countenance, which was in juxtaposi- 
tion with a convenient window at the time. They made some move 
with a handkerchief. The news spread like wildfire that we had 
been attacked, and Whitville immediately flew to arms. The win- 
dows were crowded with excited youths frantically fanm'ng the air 
with handkerchiefs, towels, pillow-cases — anything to make a dem- 
onstration. Someone suddenly looked around, when lo and behold! 
there was Skinner, evidently laboring under great excitement, 
furiously tossing a bed sheet. It was agreed by all that a man 
whose pent-up feelings were such as to require a bed sheet for 
their expression when an ordinary kerchief sufficed for common mor- 
tals, should have free and undisputed sway in giving vent to the 
same. Skinner reigned supreme. 

The time that Freeman's black eye, caused by a judicious ap- 
plication of burnt cork and carmine, but attributed to the pugilistic 
skill of Teddy Nichols, came so near dissolving one of " our girls " 
to a saline solution when she " poured herself out at her eyes," — 
the pillow fights in the parlor — the midnight raids on the pantry — 
the buckwheat cakes — all will linger in the memory when even the 
subjects studied at the time will have faded into dim forgetfulness. 

A few short years have gone, and AVhitville of '87 has scattered 
far and wide. Some are married, others want to be, and others 
ought to be. The time is not far distant when time shall have sil- 
vered the heads, though perhaps not the pocket-books, and dull 
care furrowed the faces of those remaining. Those who live to see 
the dim twilight of life, will no doubt in reminiscent moods find 
memory diligently but vainly seeking for scientific truth or scholas- 



WEBSTER SOCIETY. 203 



tic lore amid the ponderous tomes of human learning, yet will she 
come with all her garnered store of boyish pranks and youthful 
follies when the gentle zephyrs in that evening of old age, blowing 
through his whiskers, seems to softly whisper Whitville, Whitville. 

Anox. 

THE IONIAN GIRL. 
The Ionian girl's a queer girl, 

The queerest e'er Tve seen, 
And the queerest I expect to see 

Long months and years between. 

Her ways are very charming. 

Her manner debonnair, 
Yet she will talk an hour or more, 

And ne'er " address the chair." 

She will write a brilliant essay, 

On a subject broad and deep, 
But talk to her of "yeas and nays," 

And she soon will be asleep. 

She will tell you of the first crusade. 

Its date, its fate, its cause; 
But she's clear beyond her mental depth 

When she tries to quote " by-laws," 

She is witty, she is pretty, 

She is modest, yet is wise; 
But she can't tell what's "before the house," 

No matter how she tries. 

She will give an apt quotation, 

And tell you what it means ; 
But of Roberts' Rules of Order, 

She don't "know beans." 

P. S. C. 



TRIALS OF A SENIOR. 
Since college life for me commenced. 

There's been no time, I ween, 
"When misery was so much condensed- 

So little joy was seen. 
The thoughts of Ag. are hardly thro', 

'Till yet more dreadful things 
Are bundled up in Ortou's Zoo, 

And make me wish for wings. 



204 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

In his most despicable worlvs, 
We read of snakes and frogs, 

Of spiders, scorpions and squirts. 
Of turtles, whales and dogs. 

We learn of Tetradecapods, 

And Tetrabranchiata, 
Of Pulmouates and Pterapods, 

And Prosobranchiata. 

Aniphioxus, Hydrozoa, 

Entomostracana, 
Tunicata, Vertebrata, 

Rats Americana. 

And last, most horrible of all. 

AYe have to cut them up, 
And if we find they sup at all, 

To tind on what they sup. 

Investigate them all about, 
By set rules most specific. 

To see if nature cut them out, 
On basis scientific. 

If this were all, I'd not complain, 
I'd bear it with good grace; 

But as its not, what wonder, then, 
That tears roll down my face ? 

For, soon as we are through with Zoo, 
We to the " den " repair, 

And hunt for cells, until we do 
Give up in dire despair. 

We propound theories, vast in scope. 
About live protoplasm; 

Then slap it under a microscope 
And watch it have a spasm. 

On Wednesdays Olin claims his share 
Of our most precious time, 

And makes us, one and all, declare 
His cheek is most sublime. 

And then, to cap the climax, 
The ten-cent Friday lunches 

Our poor, defenseless stomachs tax, 
And roll them into bunches. 



WEBSTER SOCIETY. 205 



Then, when ;it night our weary heads 

Begin to droop and doze, 
Dark phantoms haunt our very beds 

And mar our sweet repose. 

However, 't will not always last, 

At least, that's our belief, 
For ere the spring is fairly past. 

Commencement brings relief. 



P. S. C. 



THE SOCIAL OF THE FUTURE. 

According to my notions of the eternal fitness of things, the col- 
lege of the future will be a very different affair from the colleo-e of 
to-day. With the growth of the college, with the increased num- 
ber of students and their increased appreciation of social advan- 
tages, the college social will rise from its present position of 
mediocrity and take its proper place as foremost among the society 
events of our pleasant little city. 

It will cease to be a cross between an agricultural chicken show 
and an amateur representation of Romeo and Juliet, in which 
" music, literary exercises and friendly greeting hnd place," and 
will rise to a hiorher and more dio-nified plane. At the colleore of 
the future, there will be present, besides the students and faculty, 
the governor and lieutenant governor, the Board of Regents, the 
senior class of the University, and many individual friends of the 
students. 

The gentlemen will appear dressed in swallow-tailed coats, barn 
door shirt fronts and white vests ; while the ladies will be attired in 
full dress, abbreviated collars, twelve-button kids and all. The 
social will open up with a grand ball in the new and spacious hall 
built especially for the purpose, through the praiseworthy efforts 
of our "farmer legislators." 

The college military band, which includes a superannuated 
French harp and a tuning fork, furnishes the music for the dancing, 
in which all enthusiastically engage. 

The seniors lead out the sophomore maids, 
The preps " sashay" with the faculty's wives, 

Then each and every one promfenades, 
And "allemande-left" for all their lives. 



206 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 



The dancing' amusement will have emerged from the embryo 
skip-to-my-loo of the present to the dignified minuet and stately 
quadrille. The musical voices of Professors Popenoe and Lantz 
will be heard rincjing through the hall, as they call the intricate 
changes of the moniemusk and Sicilian circle. President Fairchild 
will be there looking younger than ever, and it will be a pleasing 
sight to see him as he walks across the hall with a blushing young 
first-year clinging confidingly to his arm. Mrs. Kedzie will be 
there, and Mrs. Win chip, and Professors Walters and Georgeson 
and Kellerman and White, all lively, jolly, joking, dancing, enjoy- 
ing themselves as in the days of their youth. 

The affair will close with a grand banquet, which will of course 
be the " entire production of Mrs. Kedzie and her girls," and con- 
sequently will not overtax the gastronomic capacities of the guests. 
Toasts something like the following will be heartily responded to: 

"The health of the Governor." 

" The health of President Fairchild." 

" More to eat for Friday lunches.'' 

"Our Alma Mater.'''' 

"Kids under twelve not wanted." 

" Our Alliance Legislature." 

After supper everyone will join in the old-fashioned Virginia 
reel, the national anthem will be sung, and at three o'clock in the 
morning 

The College bell will toll the coming of the day, 
And preps and sophs and all will tear themselves awny; 
and thus will end the college social of the not far distant future. 

C. J. D. 

WEBSTER GLEE. 
[ Composed by T. E. Wimer, member of the class of "90, for the Webster Annual, of 1890. J 
The Bay State may sing its fair praises to Harvard, 
And Connecticut sing of her time honored Yale, 
But we'll laud the name of a dearer old College, 
In the land where the sunflowers nod in the gale. 

Chorus. — For we're boys of the Sunflower State, ha ha. 
For we're boys of the Sunflower State, ha ha. 
And we love, don't you see. 
Our dear K. S. A. C. 
For we're boys of the Sunflower State. 



WEBSTER SOCIETY. 207 



You may sing of the glory of Kings or of Princeton, 

Of tlae grandeur of Kenyon, of Union, or Lee, 
But there far above in her own splendor shining. 

Beams kindlj^ and brightly, our K. S. A. C. 
Chorus. — 
We may wander afar from the scenes of our boyhood, 

Our lives may glide on as the brook to the sea, 
The days of our youth may be gone and forgotten. 

But memory will cherish our K. S. A. C. 
Chorus. — 
And when life is o'er, and the dark, silent boatman, 

Rows o'er the still river for you and for me. 
When we step from the boat and the loved ones are greeting. 

We'll meet with the Websters of the K. S. A. C. 

Chorus. — For we're Websters of the K. S. A. C, ha ha, 
For we're Websters of the K. S. A. C, ha ha, 
And we love, don't you see, 
Our Society, 
For we're Websters of the K. S. A. C. 



I stood by the gate in the morning 

As the bell was ringing loud: 
The preps came in from the city 

And passed by in a noisy crowed. 

And like those joyous first-years, 

Those noisy girls and boys; 
A crowd of thoughts came o'er me 

And filled my heart with joys. 

I thought of them all in chapel 

Hard listeningto a prayer 
In behalf of civilization 

And its advancement everywhere. T. C. D. 



Little oval goose eggs, 
Little tens, so rare, 

Make a student homesick, 
Make him almost swear. 



EXAMINATION DAY. 

When my winks in vain were wunk, 
And my last stray thoughts w^ere thunk, 
Who saves me from a shameless flunk? 
My pony! 



208 COLLEGE STMPOSLUM. 



OUR INTEI.LECTUAL DEVELOP.AIENT. 
[Oration delivered at the Webster Special, 1889, by Geo. E. Stoker.] 
The present century marks the f^reatest progress of any epoch 
of the world. The laborer has been lifted from serfdom, and our 
increased wealth has raised the poor to comfort. The scientific in- 
vestio-ator has been released from the clutch of superstition, and 
the theologian and proTessor have been elevated to j)lanes where 
their wealth of thought accelerates the tread of human progress. 
Prosperity has increased, and with it has come a flood of im- 
provements which astonish the world with their marvelous re- 
sults. Advancement is the universal law of humanity. Each gen- 
eration begins the life struggle from a higher basis, because it has 
inherited experience. Two thousand years ago the strong in state 
were the men of physical power. Matters of the greatest moment 
were settled by the sword upon the battlefield, and the test of su- 
premacy lay in one's power to destroy. War was the occupation of 
the race, and amid its tumults and carnage men sought glory and 
gratified their highest ambitions. The world has changed. Out 
of the darkness of the past we have emerged into the light of a 
better day. The philosopher appears upon the stage, destined to 
rule the world by thought. This idea of growth by thought de- 
velops. Development has brought progression, until to-day the 
strong in mind are our heroes. The pleaders, the t)rators, the 
writers, tlie intellectual prize-fighters are the o-reat men of our time. 
Thus we are inclined to boast of our phenomenal growth, yet we 
always look to the future for the " golden age." We believe that 
there are greater victories to be won. We believe that through the 
coming centuries the wars that are waged by thought upon the in- 
tellect will be the means to a liigher end for man. This is why hu- 
manity looks forward with a delightful charm to the conquests on 
the great highway of life, and from the elements of whicii there is 
no escape if any true citizen to his country wish to live. It is in 
the present stage of civilized life that the individual grows. It is 
now that the independent man enjoys his right to life, his liberty of 
conscience, his freedom from the burdens of cast and privilege, and 
the cruelty and injustice of despots and kings. Hereditary priv- 
ilege has been ground to the earth by the march of mind, and in its 



WEBSTER SOCIETY. 209 



place has sprung up liberty in thought and expression. Self-gov- 
ernment has triumphed, and the sturdy and indomitable race that 
builded it are untiring in their efforts for future betterment. 

It is this spirit of the American people that has given our na- 
tion its preeminence above all others. It is this spirit that united 
our people to put forth one mighty effort that broke the chains 
which fettered a million slaves, and with one voice proclaimed that 
every man should have the right to vote, and proved it. It is the 
same spirit that we see to-day in the demands of the masses The 
common laboring man with all his power asserts his right to a bet- 
ter recognition. The one great aim and end of his life is to become 
elevated in his race, and, seeing his employer with better advan- 
tages for gaining the same end, creates an inevitable conflict. This 
is a form by which the great problems of labor and capital take 
their rise, necessitating trades unions and labor organizations of 
every type for the protection and advancement of the laborer and 
artisan, causing strikes and riots and boycotts, and resulting in 
envy and hate and prejudice detrimental to the welfare of all. It 
is a condition in our system that is a danger and a menace to society. 
But are these problems and difficulties to have a lasting existence? 
Reasoning from the past we should say, undoubtedly, no! Men of 
our day "have lived to see the laws repealed that had made out- 
casts of the noblest, the wisest, and the best;" they may see greater 
results. The doctrines of the anarchist and the diseases of the 
nihilist cannot long bear up against the obstacles they meet in this 
free country. Popular prejudice is against them, and even now 
we revert with distress to the gross injustices that have followed 
their course. 

Science has done much, in many ways, to obviate these difficul- 
ties, and thus bears an important relation to the great industrial 
affairs of life. It has not been long since science was released 
from the clutch of superstition, but from that time man has pro- 
gressed faster and reached greater eminence than at all future 
periods combined. By the illumination of the torch of science, 
man is able to make progression, able to become victor over nature. 
By its aid the once invincible problems of matter are now solved 
by the simplest arithmetical formula. It arouses by its presenta- 
14— 



210 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

tion of ideas, its theories, antagonism with the theoloo-ian and the 
learned professor of the arts. It sets forth the theory of evolution 
upon a firm and reliable foundation. It has said that the fittest 
does survive, and with universal facts for reasons shows us hov\ 

Thus how interesting to us becomes the struggle of modern 
times in thought. It awakens the world by its mighty forces in 
united action, and bewilders the mind with its marvelous achiev- 
ments. The champions of the orthodox creed themselves, find 
ground for great dispute. Out of their sanctuaries have arisen the 
two theories of the old and the new schools of theology, yet the 
expounders profess alike to be the followers of the true reformers. 
They both alike abjure the doctrines of formalism, and adhere to the 
good of spiritual religion. 

All this reveals a story to the human race. We must unite in 
universal brotherhood to act out the drama that has been prepared 
for us. Behind us is a vast expanse of human effort and progress, 
mingled with atrocities and crime and bloodshed, emanating from 
darkness and gloom. The present with its achievement lies around 
us, majestic and proud. Before us, reaching out and on into the 
countless years of an unknown eternity, is the field upon which we 
are to conquer, or to be conquered by, the antagonists of time. 
There are fields of conquest for every human being. Responsibili- 
ty rests upon the shoulders of the people of the present. Through 
them are to work the problems that will influence their future gen- 
erations to worthy or ignoble purposes. Let us not be short-sighted 
to the position we occupy, but profit by the experience of the past. 
That there are conditions of injustice and depression we are all 
aware. In spite of our intellectual advance, there are traits and 
attitudes of conilict and crime, and the many have to suffer for the 
elevation of the few. But the hand upon the dial points towards 
a better future, and we are confident that throuo-h the never-ceasintr 
efforts of the race, our path of progress will be upward. 



WEBSTER SOCIETY. 211 



COLLEGE HOME. 

AIH— HOME, SWEET HOME. 

Oh, the old college halls where wisdom we gained, 

When as students by our alma mater claimed; 
Where she taught us to scan with devotion the page 

Enriched with the lore of some bright elder age. 
Our hearts, 'mid all changes, wherever we roam, 

Ne'er lose their love for that old college home. 

Chords — Home! home! college home. 

Our hearts ever yearn for our old college home. 

'T was here too we found friends reckoned most dear, 
Whose hearts to our own have seemed ever since near. 

How we walked, how we talked, by moonlight and shade. 
As unconscious of time, together we strayed! 

Far brighter to us than palace or dome 
Are these solid old walls — our loved college home. 

Chorus — 

But now our old home, as if not the same spot 

Is the same in itself, though its inmates are not; 
And we feel like strangers 'mid objects well known, 

And nothing we see seems to be now our own. 
Yet still to our hearts sweet memories will come 

Of the days that we passed at our old college home. 

Chorus — Sam Ivi.mblk. 



Little oval goose-eggs. 
Little tens, so rare, 
Make a student homesick. 
Make him almost swear. 



EXAMINATION DAY. 

When my winks in vain were wunk. 
And my last stray thoughts were thunk. 
Who saves me from a shameless flunk? 
My pony. 



212 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

SCHOOL LAST ATTENDED. 

In tilling out the blank pedigree during the examination for 
admission to the College, when I came to the line "school last at- 
tended," not even the excitement naturally attending the youth- 
ful granger's first examination could drive from my mind the many 
circumstances connected with that school. The inquiry was an- 
swered by the single word, distinct, but oh! the inadeqviacy of the 
word to convey an impression of my alma mater. The institution 
of learning and kindred sports of which I speak is like our country, 
on a hill and cannot be hid. I have thought it would be better if it 
could. 

This hill is much like the one on which the battle of Gettysburg 
was fought. It has its seminary, innumerable little round tops, a 
peach orchard, and, scattered around among the peach trees, a 
cemetery. School was always dismissed for funerals, so the pang 
of losing a dear neighbor was not wholly unalloyed. Our school 
house stood remote from other buildings, surrounded by boundless 
stretches of rolling prairie, which offered no obstacle to the obser- 
vation of its weather-beaten form, its broken siding, its dilapi- 
dated chimney and its general aspect of forlornness. 

The building was a simple one; no paint, no plaster adorned its 
walls; no entry or cloak room had ever been built. Each boy 
brought his hammer and a tenpenny nail and manufactured his own 
hat-rack. A hitching rail was all the fence our school grounds 
ever had. It was put up one winter when a lyceum flourished on 
Gravel Hill. Alas! so prevalent were the answers, "Not prepared," 
that our little society died of innocuous deseutude, as it were, the 
hitching rail alone remaining for us boys to jump over and for the 
worms to feast upon. 

There is a romance connected with our old school, and I was 
one of the romancers. The romancess was a little red headed girl 
by the name of Lucy, and I was mashed on her. We didn't call 
it that then, but that was what it amounted to. Well, it's the same 
old story. We romanced around there for three or four years and 
then I came to College. I hadn't been here six months till she 
eloped. What pains me most is that the fellow she eloj)ed with 
wasn't I. 



WEBSTER SOCIETY. 218 



I well remember the last day I spent at "No. 15." "We had a 
dinner. I graduated that day, although I didn't know it then. 
When dinner was over and the dishes were cleared away, we had 
our declamations. Oh! how my heart swelled with enthusiasm as 
I came to the front with "When freedom from her mountain 
height." But it was soon all over, and slowly we wended our way 
homeward across the prairie. I cannot boast of the size of our old 
school building, of the number of its students, or of the high 
positions that its graduates fill; but when I think of the many 
happy times I have there enjoyed, I feel that it shall ever be 
cherished in my heart and revered in my memory. 

,J. B. Brown. 



ONCE MORE WE MEET. 

AIR— AMEBIOA. 

Brothers, once more we greet 
Our learning's choseu seat^ 

Old College Hill. 
Come sing a joyful song, 
With voices deep and strong, 
'Till the echo shall prolong 

The Choral rill. 

From wrestle, toil and strife, 
lu dusty streets of life, 

We hither come. 
Here in these calm retreats. 
Brother with brother meets. 
Our nlmn mtiter greets 

Her children home. 

At her domestic hearth. 
That dearest spot on earth, 

We take our cheer. 
Feeding the holy tire, 
That never shall expire, 
But blazes purer, higher. 

With every year. 

Sam Kimble. 



214 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

STRAY REMINISCENCES. 

It is interesting to notice how the progress of any given student 
in the College resembles the movements of the hands of a watch. 
As a member of a certain class, the student moves in an unvarying 
round of fall term, winter term, spring term, and then back to fall 
term again; while the class has moved a point, like the hour hand 
of the watch — the first-years becoming second-years; the second, 
third; the third, fourth; and the fourth-years, having attained to 
the required degree of 70, and having exposed their ignorance in a 
final oration, are ready for the " blind pig." 

But, although the class as a collection of individuals may 
change in a remarkable degree, yet any class, as the representative 
of a certain year's work is almost exactly the same as its predeces- 
sors have been since the College was founded. The fourth-years 
continue to look down upon the third-years with an air of con- 
descension not entirely unmixed with jealousy, and the latter, in 
turn, view the sufferings of the second-years with exultant feelings 
which are total strangers to pity, even when the foremen, in order 
to keep the pay-roll well within bounds, work what is known as the 
" instructive racket." The same old ripple of merriment runs over 
the faces of the audience when the president, at the beginning of 
each spring term, announces that the P. M. squads will be formed 
immediately. Even the task which the farm division is first em- 
ployed upon seems still to be a bugbear to the P. M. boys, the 
only change being that the motive power in the wonderful feat of 
engineering is now a nobby span of horses instead of a pair of bony 
old mules. 

And rig-ht here let me remark that in the death of those old 
mules the farm boys lost one of their best friends and allies. The 
P. M. squads for twelve years previous to '88 owe them a debt of 
gratitude which can never be paid. Thumped, hammered and 
cudgled, they still heroically held to their regulation pace, thus re- 
ducing the number of loads of non-commercial fertilizer necessary 
to be spread, to a minimum. They were poor and old, and 
possessed but few of the attributes of beauty, as we ordinarily 
understand the term, but as one of our assistants once said after 
riding one of them to water, they had plenty of backbone, and 



WEBSTER SOCIETY. 215 



would not be bulldozed into more work than comported with their 
sense of dignity. 

The same old jokes that were perpetrated upon the members of 
the faculty five or ten years aero, still do duty, although somewhat 
the worse for wear. For instance, that advertisement of patent 
hair renewer has lost the part which warrants it to grow hair on a 
billiard ball in thirty days, and it is confidently hoped that in the 
course of time the ad. will disappear altogether, and in con- 
sequence, people will be allowed to wear their cranial covering in 
any fashion they may see fit. 

The brilliancy of their showing, however, is slightly dimmed 
by the manifest retrogression in other directions. For instance, in 
former years, when, after one of our tirades against the present 
text-book in Ag. Chem., we were asked to name a substitvite, we 
were ever ready to suggest Webster's Unabridged, or Fairchild's 
Moral Philosophy, while the present third-year class have not as 
yet sufficiently recovered from the effects of its perusal to more 
than murmur, "Anything, Lord!" 

I am beginning to fear that this article will hardly pass for 
reminiscences, from the fact that it contains so little that is sug- 
gestive of bygone days. However, I am consoled by the thought 
that it will be a little out of the ordinary line of reminiscences. In 
fact, I feel like the boy who was observed intently at work with 
pen and ink, and who, on being questioned as to what he was doing, 
replied, " Fm writing a comedy. Fve got to the last act, and I'm 
killing off the characters." 

"Killing off the characters, Willie! Why, they don't do that 
in real comedies at the theaters, my son." 

" I know it, papa. That's where my play is just going to knock 
the socks off of most the plays you see in the theaters." P. S. C. 



The prep stood by the class room door, 

Whence all but him had fled; 
Examination day had come 

To aching heart and head. 
Yet beautiful and bright he stood, 

With manly form and pose; 
An honest look upon his face, 

A "ponj^'' in his clothes. 



216 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

We are often told how we luay be as "fresh as daisies" on 
Monday mornings, but there are lots of bloominfr first-years who 
are fresh as daisies all the time. Won't someone now please tell us 
how to curb their freshness? 



CLASS OF '91. 
Oh, gracious muse, lend me thy art, 
That 1 may fling a fiery dart. 
At those whom preps and fourth-years shun, 
They're called the class of ninety-one. 
'Twas in the fall of eighty-seven, 
There entered here two hundred eleven 
First-years, that were as grassy green 
As any afore or since were seen. 
But when one year had rolled around. 
Their praises loud they did resound; 
And many a bright and boastful Soph 
Thought himself wiser than a Prof. 
Hard they worked at Algebra, 
To make Prof. Lantz look wise and say — 
'• Of all the classes 'neath the sun. 
The brightest is the present one." 
At length, when P. M. days are nigh. 
They all hard with each other vie. 
The irksome task to barely shirk 
And still get ten cents for their w<irk. 
Another summer now is passed, 
When, 'round the College gathers fast 
Freshmen, Sophomores, Seniors too. 
But worst of all, the third-year crew. 
Just one more glance before we pass: 
Suppose it is the Ag. Chem. class. 
We see Prof. Failyer scowling black 
At the note that's passed behind his back. 
Loud and deep then doth he roar, 
" Never a junior class before. 
In all the years of my long reign, 
Have been so destitute of brain." 
Another year, and now we see 
This same old crew convulsed with glee; 
For soon their college days are o'er, 
With lessons they'll be bored no more. E. W. Reed. 



WEBSTER SOCIETY. 217 



TYPES OF STUDENTS. 

Among five hundred young people gathered together for edu- 
cational purposes, it is always possible to find several varied and 
distinct types. First, there is the " tough." He is the hardest to 
define, the hardest to describe and the hardest to reform. He is of 
no particular size, of no particular build, of no particular degree of 
intelligence, and varies infinitely in his symptoms of "toughness," 
So far as my limited knowledge extends, no attempt has been made 
to classify him, although some make a distinction between fourth- 
years and other "toughs." Fourth-year "toughness" is innate, un- 
adulterated, full strength and non-repressible; while ordinary 
"toughness" may, by the proper administration of goose-eggs, sar- 
castic remarks, or open rebuke, be alleviated, if not entirely eradi- 
cated. The fourth-year confidently believes that he is the pivotal 
center about which the whole College revolves in profound humili- 
ty and humbleness of spirit. You may dip the ocean dry with a 
teaspoon; you may play equine barber without detection; you may 
corral the infinite, and even get a cinch on eternity; but you can 
nevereliminate from the fourth-year mind, the colossal conceit that 
distinguishes him from ordinary mortals, and renders him a bore to 
his fellow-men. I say fellow-men, because the ladies seem to be 
just as much mashed on him as though he were a third-year and had 
iTOod sense. 

Then there is the dude. The dude is a sort of a two-for-a-nickel, 
shave-every-day, fiirt-with-the-girls young man, who wears a calico 
vest, two-story-and-attic picadilly collars, has brass enough on his 
scarlet tie to copper-bottom a full-rigged ship, and has sap enough 
in his head to float it. His grades average about seventy until he 
gets to be a third-year, and there happens to be two socials and a 
hop the same week, when he usually takes a vacation, and pays a 
protracted visit to his maternal ancestor. 

In marked contrast to the dude, is the individual who, if we are 
to judge from external appearances, is in blissful ignorance that 
Ivory soap can be had for ten cents a cake and carbolic acid for 
even less. He invariably comes to school looking like the break- 
ing up of hard times, and makes us one and all sigh: "How long, 
oh Lord, how long? How long before the ice will be out of the 
Blue, so this fellow can go swimming?" P. S. C. 



218 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

SUCCESS— WHAT IS IT? 

If you will take a short excursion back over the passes of history, 
you will undoubtedly find that there is a wide ran^e of opinion as 
to the true meaning of this little word - — success. It has been de- 
fined time and again, and still we fail to grasp its significance. 
Great men of every period have exhausted their vocabularies in 
framing a definition which shall be universally accepted, and each 
has found himself in utter solitude with his pet production. 

Daniel Webster may have had his idea of what constitutes suc- 
cess, and Prof. Georgeson, who has as much right to his opinion as 
has the immortal Daniel, may have an entirely different idea. 

Mrs. Kedzie probably considers it success if she teaches the 
pretty second-years to properly manipulate the mush-stick, and at 
the same time cut up one little, insignificant, patty-pan sponge cake 
into a hundred and fifty-three pieces for the Friday lunches. 

Prof. Lantz will probably allow one of his rarest, most exquis- 
itively adorable smiles of successful satisfaction to permeate his 
whole visible anatomy if he ever succeeds in establishing the truth 
of some abstruse geometrical proposition which has puzzled mathe- 
matical skill for ages, as he has hopes of doing. 

Even the unsophisticated prep who has been so fortunate as not 
to have fallen below extreme low- water mark in grades deems him- 
self abundantly qualified to be classed with the successful, to say 
nothing of the universally envied sophomore who has been able 
to get a girl for the Ag. reception, and consequently is not obliged, 
as are most of the class, to wander aimlessly about, singing to a most 
doleful tune the following touching and pathetic lines: 

"Of all sad words of tougue or pea, 
The saddest are these, ' I thank j'ou 
Kindly, sir, but I'm spoken for.' " 

The man who has made exceptional advancement up the greased 
pole of success, only to be precipitated into oblivion among the 
masses below, wx)uld probably, were he called upon, furnish us with 
a very pessimistic definition of the ethereal commodity in question, 
but he and Mrs. Kedzie, Prof. Georgeson and the sophomores would 
all unite in saying, with Ingalls, that " To succeed is success." 

M. F. H. 



WEBSTER SOCIETY. 219 



COMPANY "Q." 
Yesterdaj' in the afternoon, as I stood by the old Hort. Hall, 
I watched the drillins: of Company Q; there were girls both short and tall. 
At first they all stood in a line, with the small ones in the rear; 
And when lieutenant called the roll, each one, in turn, cried " here." 
But when he issued the command, " right forward and fours right," 
At first they showed a little doubt, but this was only slight ; 
The first four wheeled to a right about, as nice as nice could be. 
And never stopped or slacked their pace, until they struck a tree. 
The second four stood there, stock still, nor stirred a single step ; 
The third four made a right half wheel, and then a half wheel left. 
The leading guide at first stood still, and then faced to the rear; 
The other guide made a movement that in tactics don't appear. 
Just at this juncture, lieutenant called " halt," and then each girl stood still. 
And seemed to say, "I'm sure I'm right," as you know girls sometimes will. 
Lieutenant gasped and stood stock still, to see the fearful blunder ; 
With some girls here, and some girls there, and some girls over yonder. 
Just at this point Si Mason came, and told me to go to work, 
He said he should call it " instructive," aud hinted that I was a shirk. 
Slowly and sadly I went again, and sorted potatoes o'er. 
And fancied I saw dear company Q marching the drill ground o"er. 
But if ever they learned to march in line, of one thing I felt sure, 
They'd have to quit swinging their heads and arms, and being so fearful 
demure. ' F. C. S. 

OUR COLLEGE BELL. 
The college bell, the college bell. 
How many tales its music tells 
Of wondrous feats, by labor wrought, 
When P. M. boys were being taught. 
Those busy hours are past and gone, 
And many a boy that strolled the lawn, 
Within some office chair is found. 
And plows no more the fertile ground. 
And so 't will be, as time rolls on. 
When P. M. boys have come and gone. 
That other bards shall try to tell 
The misery caused by the college bell. 
They'll try to tell of famous deeds. 
Performed while devastating weeds ; 
Of deeds of courage and of skill 
In laying siege to the cider mill. 
But words shall fail, no tongue can tell 
Of the joy that is felt when the four o'clock bell 
Shall sound its glad, joyful chime, 
And tell the boys that 'tis quitting time. 



220 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

CIVIL SERVICE REFORM. 

Friend, I write for amusement; not to amuse the public; no, 
that would be difficult, but for my own amusement. I used to at- 
tempt to please, but now I never attempt a thing so unbecoming a 
writer of my standing. I say standing, for I seldom lie when I 
write. If I ever thus indulge my passion, it is because an irresist- 
ible impulse urges me onward. This passion comes to all alike, 
and some seem peculiarly subject to attacks of this kind. But all 
I wish distinctly understood is this, that I am not lying while I 
write this. No, my friend, I am simply sitting in pensive thought, 
upon a feather cushion of a reclining chair. J like feather cushions 
to sit on. Some prefer to lie on them, but my purely honest nature 
will not permit me to do so. 

When about seventeen years of age, I passed through one of 
the most trying ordeals which ever fell to the lot of mortal man. It 
ran thusly: The new schoolma'am was just finishing her second 
week of school. She was a maiden of twenty-five summers, and 
experienced in all the arts to which civilized man is heir. A party 
the coming week at oui; near neighbor's made me anxious to "do 
something for my country." I never had ventured so far with any- 
one before, but resolved, and resolving to keep my resolve, inso- 
much that I almost dissolved, I pulled the ears of yellow corn and 
sang snatches of love songs all the forenoon, hoping thus to work 
myself up to the boiling point. 

After partaking of my midday meal, I proceeded to the school 
house, where my longing soul was to be filled and my heart to be 
made happy. As I approached the house, my whole nervous system 
revolted, my knees smote against each other, and my heart kept 
thumping away at my presternum until I felt completely de- 
moralized. The closer I came to the house the more terrible grew 
my agitation. I reached the door in a comparatively helpless con- 
dition; I knocked, and, as I heard the footsteps come tripping to- 
ward me, who can imagine my feelings? T can't. The English 
language won't express them. Sick distemper tyrannum vertigo 
El Paso Texas, is the only Latin that comes near it. She opened 
the door. I stood aghast; ran first one hand up the door cheek and 
then another, then one and then the other, and then I ran the other 



WEBSTER SOCIETY. 221 



one up the other door cheek twice, and then changed from one foot 
to the other, and then cleared my throat. Sliding my hands upon 
the door cheeks all the time, I says, " We're going to have a party 
at Mr. Smith's." "Yes," she said, "I have heard of it." I ran 
the other hand up the door cheek, and stood on the other foot. My 
situation was precarious. And then I said something about her 
company, that I had learned from a book. She said, "no," and 
something about "other arrangements," and, "thank you," etc. 

I was unconscious. The subject weighed heavily upon my mind 
for years. In fact this unwarranted act of mine rendered me useless 
for life. Thus it is with the youth. Sorrow and calamity beset his 
pathway, and he pines away to nothingness. Oh! that I could im- 
press upon every one of you the truth of this statement. Could I 
but rouse the molecules of your quiescent brains to hearty action 
and make you realize this, raethinks life would not have been spent 
in vain. T. E. Wimer. 



President — Showing ace of clubs to erratic sophomore who has 
been summoned to his imperial presence: "Mr. A., will you be kind 
enough to tell me what this is?" 

Mr. A. — After carefully examining the contraband article: 
"Well, Mr. President, T am not very well posted on works of art, 
but upon a superficial observation, I should judge that it is a 
poorly executed steel engraving of a blackberry." 



TRUTH. 

I believe that this word means the most and is thought of the 
least of any word in the vocabulary. It was a standing question 
with the philosophers for ages — "What is truth?" 

It was the fundamental element in the Greek perfection — the 
good, the true, and the beautiful. All down the centuries we find 
truth dictating the destiny of kingdoms and settling the dynasty of 
princes. No principle, be it ever so great; no law, be it ever so 
popular, can long exist without the stamp of truth. Truth is 
eternal. A principle, a law, or a nation founded upon truth, sus- 
tained by honest hands and governed b}- unflinching powers of 



222 COLLEGE ISYMPOSIUM. 

truth, will just so far prove permanent. All the nations that are 
sleeping in the dust of the forgotten past fell because truth's altars 
had been desecrated and error enthroned thereon. 

As we turn the pages of history, on to the present time, and see 
the world so diligently searching for truth, and so successfully 
producing such marvelous results, we are awed to silence. Truth is 
the key that unlocks the power of the clouds, and throws open the 
door of the future and encompasses time and space. As we see 
the world advancing in this new and wonderful epoch, and behold 
the future freighted with pleasant possibilities, we feel that the 
problem is capable of solution, but realize the magnitude of the 
answer. This and more did the poet see who studied Nature in all 
her varied forms and was led to thus exclaim: 

"Truth crushed to earth, will rise again; 

The eternal years of God are here; 
But error, wounded, writhes in pain, 

And dies among his worshipers." W. H. Olin. 



THE GRADE BOOK. 

That awful book ! That awful book ! 

Its contents ever hid from sight, 
What would I give for one, good look 

Upon that page of black and white ! 
It is the book used at the College 
For summing up a student's knowledge. 
That awful book ! That awful book ! 

It has been used through all the past ; 
Instructors here their vengeance took. 

And 'tis a custom that will last. 
To steal a glimpse, no matter how, 
Amongst the Profs would raise a row. 
That awful book ! That awful book ! 

A record keeps that's just and fair, 
From ancient times the students shook, 

To have their acts recorded there; 
For with the good this grade book makes 
A careful record of mistakes. 
That awful book ! That awful book ! 

Its power increasing with its age. 
By rapid strides position took, 

To judge all men, from prep to sage; 
And now from its exalted place, 
It marks the laggards in the race. " Billy " Knabb. 



WEBSTER SOCIETY. 223 



HOW OLD IS MANKIND? 

In this age, perhaps in every age, man has searched for his own 
origin. Scarcely thirty years ago, he was thought to be the crea- 
tion of the present geologic age; now his parentage dates back into 
the tertiary period. 

When Darwin landed on the solitary island of the Pacific and 
saw the naked savages in all their loathsome wildness, he thought 
them but one step above the apes, one advance in the sovereignty of 
mind over matter. 

Yet upon one of the remote oceanic islands, rising high above the 
level of the surroundi no- country stand orig-antic images of stone. Here 
in this island, scarcely thirty square miles in extent, are hundreds' 
of these images slowly crumbling into dust. What do these point 
to, if not a previous greater area of inhabitable land and an im- 
mensely greater number of inhabitants, and more than this the 
form of government and development of society far above that of 
the savage tribes now inhabiting the islands? Surely, this case of 
retrogression demands an explanation. If development has always 
been forward and government is a sign of progress, here exists an 
apparent exception. 

To our east, in the valley of the Ohio, stands the only remain- 
ing monuments of a totally obliterated race; a race advanced in 
civilization far above the roving tribes of aborigines, if we may in- 
fer anything from the accuracy with which the mounds are planned 
and constructed; a race whose latest history did not exist a century 
ago in the oldest myths and legions of the most ancient tribes of 
Indians. " We have here," says Wallace, " a striking example of 
the transition over an extensive country, for comparative barbarism, 
the former leaving no traditions and hardly any trace of its influ- 
ence upon the latter." Have the modern Indians descended from 
the mound builders'? If not, where has vanished their civilization 1:' 

D. G. F. 



224 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 



"SO LONG." 

Our work is nearly completed. For three long months we will 
have been at work on this modest effort. We have often been hin- 
dered and sometimes well nigh discouraged by the obstacles which 
we have had to encounter. None of us had ever had the slightest 
experience in this line of work, and as this is the first book of its 
kind ever issued from this Colleofe, we had not even a jyuide to 
work by. At the outset we expected to produce a grand book. 
We are content to call this merely an indiiferent one. We had no 
expectations of growing rich; nor have we, as the "finale" will il- 
lustrate. We expected to learn something outside of that usually 
found in text books, and we think we have; at least we have learned 
better than to try such a thing again. We cannot say that we ex- 
actly regret having vmdertaken the task, but we can all say, in the 
words of the immortal Shakespeare, 

•' Before an editor again we'd be, 
We'd drown ourselves in the deep blue sea; 
To some far off cannibal isle we'd flee, 
And let the sava<i;es make hash of we." 



YE EDITORS IN THE 




-15 



226 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 



CHURCH DIRECTORY. 

Presbyterian Church. — Corner Poyntz avenue and Fifth street. Ur. 
D. C. Milner, pastor. Preaching at 10:30 a. m. and 7:30 p. in. Sabbath 
school 11:45 a. m. Y. P. S. C. E. G:30 p. m. Good music. Students cordially 
welcomed. 

1st Methodist Ei'iscoval Church.— Rev. J. A. Swaney, pastor. Preach- 
ing Sunday at 10:30 a. m. and 7:30 p. m. Class meeting, 9:30 a. m. Sunday 
school at 11:^5 a. m. Epworth League at 6:30 p. m. Prayer meeting Wed- 
nesday at 7:30 p. m., followed by Bible study. Visitors are welcome at all 
the services. 

Episcopal Church.— Preaching at 10:30 a. m. and 7:30 p. m. Sunday 
school after morning service. Holy communion first Sunday of each month. 
Service Wednesday evening at 7:30. Rev. P. Brooke, rector. Seats free. 
All invited. 

Christian Church. — Elder Charles Rowe, pastor. Sunday school at 10 
a. m. Preaching at 11 a. m. and 7:30 p. m. Y. P. S. C. E. prayer meeting at 
0:30 p. m. Prayer meeting Wednesday evening, 7:30. 

Congregational Church. — Corner of Poyntz and .Juliette avenues. 
Rev. E. R. Drake, pastor. Preaching at 10:30 a. m. and 7:30 p. m. Sunday 
school at 11:45 a. m. Y. P. S. C. E. at 6:30 p. m. 

Union Mission Chapel. — Preaching at 10:30 a. m. Sunday school at 
3 p. m. Preaching at 7:30 p. m. Prayer meeting Thursday evening at 7:30 
p. m. 

Baptist Church.— Rev. E. S. Riley, pastor. Preaching at 11 a. m. and 
7:30 p. m. Sunday school at 12 m. Young Christian Workers' meeting at 
6:30 p. ni. All are cordially invited. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 227 



ELLIOT k GARRETTSON, 

MATTERS 12S FURNISHERS 

OF MANHATTAN. 



FINE CLOTHING 

A SPECIALTY, 

AND A REMARKABLY COMPLETE 
ASSORTMENT OF GENTS' 
FURNISHINGS, HATS, GAPS, ETC. 

ALWAYS READY AND WILLING TO SHOW GOODS 



321 Poyntz Avenue, 



228 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

E. A. WHARTON, 

The POPULAR and LEADING 

Dry Goods Merchant 

IN TV^MNHMTTMN. 



* * >^ 



"TyPE have at all times the largest, the newest and the most 
W stylish goods brought to Manhattan. Our store is full of 
l)eautiful new goods. 

^ DRESS GOODS ^^ 

VVe mai<e a specialty of, and can please all. An invitation is 
extended to all to call and look through our store and inspect the 
Finest Stock in the city. 



* S. J^. FOX. * 



Bookseller i!i5 Stationer, 



COLLEGE TEXT-BOOKS, 
SCHOOL SUPPLIES, ETC 



A D VERTISEMENTS. 



229 



P 



QEO. n. BENEDICT ^ CO. 



/T\ap aijd U/ood ^9^raui9(^. 

ARE PREPARED TO MANUFACTURE ANYTHING IN 
THE LINE OF A PLATE OR ILLUSTRATION THAT IS 
FOR USE ON THE PRINTING PRESS, BY THE METHOD 
BEST ADAPTED TO EACH PARTICULAR SUBJECT. 



177 South Clark Street. 



CHICAGO, ILL. 



[ Benedict & Co. have manufactured, from photographs, all the portraits 
and group pictures in the SvMrosiujr. — Eds.] 




230 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

7^\Jl^T\J7^ IN PKRiZO. 

I. III. 

Go to college, All the while 

Get knowledge. We smile. 

Sheepskin, You must buy. 

Fame win. That 's why. 



II. 








IV. 


Wife take, 








Please call, 


Home make. 








One and all. 


Baby come , 








At HUNTRESS' store, 


Ah! hum! 








And get more 


for your money 


1 han 


any 


where e! 


Ise in the city. 



W. B LEICESTER, 

Merctiaot Tailor. 

# # # 

Satisfaction Guaranteed. 

SWINGLE & VARNEY, 
3OOK .4. 3TORE. 

HEADQUARTERS FOR 

Set?ool apd ^olIe(^(^ Jext-Boo^s. 

STUDENTS' SUPPLIES A SPECIALTY. 

Call and see us. A welcome always. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 231 



GEO. F. DEWEY, 



iji^Tv^Kni^^fP 



Art Ptiotographiy. 



nwm] 



v^ 



eSTKBLISHeO 1B5Q. 



POYNTZ AVENUE, 

MANHATTAN, KANSAS. 

[The photographing for Symposium cuts was nearly all done by this 
popular artist. — Eds.] 

. . . THE . . . 

/^merieai) 3ys^^/^ of St^ortl^a^d. 



rjTO supply the increasing demand for stenographers, schools of 
i. shorthand and type-writing hav been established in various 
jDarts of the country, and, with few exceptions, all business colleges 
now hav a "department of shorthand." A number of systems ar 
taught, but that of Benn Pitman is more generally used 
than any other in this country, and may be called the 
"American system." — Extract from the Repoi-t of the Com- 
missioner of Education ( Washington., D. C), for the Year 
i^Sy-SSy page g2'j. 

For catalog of shorthand publications by Benn Pitman and Je- 
rome B. Howard, address 

THE FHONOQR/^FHK INSTITUTE, 

Cincinnati, Ohio. 



232 



COLLEGE HYMPOiMVM. 



J. B. MUDGE, 

+ THE •!• 

Leading Grocer. 

••• 

CARRIES EVERYTHING 
IN HIS LINE. 

DRIED FRUITS AND FISH 

A SPECIALTY. 



iAZOODENinZKRE 



T^ND NOTIONS. 



P. W ZEIGLER, 

H ARDWAR E 



i^ i^ ik 



OF ALL KINDS. 



Jewel Ranges and Cook Stoves, 
Genuine Ronnd Oak Stoves, 

Jewel Base Heaters. 

Pumps of all Kinds, Duplex and 
Joker Windmills, Plumbing, Steam 
and Gas Fitting. 



18M POYNTZ AVENUE, 

MANHATTAN, KAN. 



A. S. LEWIS, Manager. 



« 

Every class of Laundry Work done 
to order in a first class and workman- 
like manner. 

Positively no goods Injured by 
bleaching or by strong acids. 



GOODS CALLED FOR AND 
DELIVERED. 

No. 136 S. Second Street. 

MANHATTAN, KAN. 



ESTMBLISHED 1S59. 

G, W. HIGINBOTHAM, 

PROPRIETOR OF 

Blue X Valley X Mills. 



DCALCR IN ALL KINDS OF 



GRAIN, LIVESTOCK, 
HARD and SOFT COAL. 



Our Brands of Flour are: 

PATENT, FROST KING, 
GOLDEN RULE, VICTOR, 
KANSAS BEST. 



MANHATTAN, KANSAS. 



rJ^ay//€-'/U-/ 



n- 







\^ 






5^ 



OF 

(^ELE ©RATED 



'Vauir furniture 
<gankan^0g^ce9uriTri^r 



ers. 



^</^/Vf< 300 f^ 

Branci(^ House 
jlalrLkc^fy.l/ral^ 



AB VERTI8EMENTS. 



233 



Pete Hostrup's Barber Shop, 


BATH ROOMS 


S. Second. Street 


AND BARBER SHOP. 


12 Shaves $ 1 , Cash. 




6 Bath Tickets $ 1 , Cash. 


TOWERS BROS., Prop's. 


HAIR CUTTING A SPECIALTY. 
ALL WORK FIRST CLASS. 


230i Poyiitz Avenue. 




^'■^-^' 



YE SPORTING EDITOll AT HOME, 



234 



COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 



••• 1=1 R ST ••• 


F. L. Miirdock, 


NATIONAL 


D. D. S. 


BANK. 


. DENTIST . 


■71 ••• Iv* 






Office over Fox's Book 


^\-rW 


Store. 


Capital SIOO.OOO. 




J. B. Anderson, Prest. 




Geo. S. Green, V. Prest. 


T^KNHHTTMN, 


Geo. S. Murphey, Cashier. 
John E. Hessin, Attorney. 


• KKNSMS. • 


BflLDEKSTON'S 


M.J.PICKETT, 


BAKERY 


Livery, Feed and Sale 


^ AND ^ 


STABLE. 


RESTAURANT. 






Good Rigs, Lively Teams 


A Coivplete Stock of Fresh 


and Fair Prices. 


Groceries • and • Flour 




Kept Constantly in Stock. 


Students' Patronage 


Fresh 


Respectfully Solicited. 


Bread, Cakes and Pies, 




EVERY DAY. 


MANHATTAN, KAN. 



AD VERTI8BMENT8. 



235 



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.PG 



COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 



• • • DriJ??i5t5, 



MANHATTAN, KANSAS. 



iilaul)attau Republic, 

DAILY and WEEKLY. 

ALL THE LATEST NEWS. 

•^1- SUBSCRIBE I^ 



R. D.WHAILET, 

PAINTER AND PAPER HANGER, 

All Work Done with Neatness 

and Dispatch. 

IVlANHATTAN, KAN 



A. S. HOUGHTON & CO., 

Livery, Feed and Sale Stable, 

Opposife Commercial House. 
MANHATTAN, KANSAS. 




.1/ 7f(M^. 'li , I... 






SCIENTIFIC STOCK FKEDIN'. 



AD VERTISEMENTti. 



2a. 



The Western School Journal 



Is published every month in the year. 
It discusses questions relating to all 
grades of school work. It publishes 
the questions prepared by the Kansas 
State Board of Education for the ex- 
amination of county teachers, and the 
answers to the questions. 

In the JOURNAL can also be found 
full reports of all the great education- 
al meetings held in Kansas, and mich 
other news pertaining to teachers and 
schools. 

Subscription price $1 .25; in clubs of 
flue $1 , Send for a sample copy and 
club ates. Address 

WESTERN SCHOOL JOURNAL, 

Tope ha, Kan. 



STUDENTS WANTED. 

We furnish students with pleasant and profit- 
able employment during vacation. Many young 
men are earning enough money in a few weelis 
to keep them in college during the year. Our 
two new specialties are particularly applicable 
to worh in Kansas. Write for particulars to 
CENTRAL SCHOOL SUPPLY HOUSE, 
F. J. ALBRECHT. 176 Fifth Ave., Chicago. 

Western Manager. 



J. IVI. ROOT &CO., 

Manhattan Marble Works, 

Cor. 4th Street and Poyntz Ave. 

All hinds of Tombstone and other Marble and 
Granite wor/t done to order. Special drawings 
furnished. All are invited to call and exam ne 
our worft. 



G, B. HIMES, 

Manufacturer and Dealer in 

j\ar^(iss apd Saddles. 



Hides and Furs Bought and Sold. 



Gunsmith and Machine Repairer, 

Dealer in Organs, Pianos, Sewing 
Machines^ Guns and Pistols, 

221 POYNTZ A.VENUE. 



R. J. BEACHUM, 



1D:r. C3-. J^. OIRISE, 
bENTI5T. 

321 Poyntz Ave., Manhattan, Ks. 

The Preservation of the Natural Teeth 
a Specialty. 




TAILOR 



L. J. L Tn/iN . n. p.. 

Office in Eames Block. 

LOCAL SUlKiEON 

Union Facitic Railroad, 

Chicago, Kock Island & Pacific Railroad, 

Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad. 

Manhattan, Kansas. 




Manhattan, Kansas. 



238 COLLEGE SYMPOSIUM. 

Hickory Hill 5tock Tf\Kr\ 

Holton, ^^^^^ Kansas. 



Fashionably Bred Trotting 1 Pacing Horses. 

STKLLIONS IN STUD: 



Kind ^DraCSUf^ ^■•^^?4' ^/acA, le hands, J 200 pounds, by Gou. 
f^ ^r V ' Sprague, 2:20%; dam, Molly Whitefoot, dam of 
Cioxie, 2:19}^, Frank Champ, 2:1 6yi, King Sprague, 2:28'^^, Mulato, four 
year old, trial 2:26^ <>, 

5aUOla)f (OtRR ^"^' ^^^^ hands, 1100 pounds, by Dictator, (sire 
' / ' of Jay Eye See, 2:10); dam by Strathmore, (sire 
of dam of C. F. Clay, 2:18); grandam by Clark Chief, sire of dam of Phollas, 
2:13'U- 

ll/ilk'O Rrinn ^^^^'^ ^"-y- S years aid. 16 hands, 1200 pounds, by Red 
y\ ' ' Wilkes; dam by Mambrino Patchen. 

Hninh ^"^' ^^ hands, 1200 pounds, by Dall Brino; dam by Green's 
V /' Bashaw. 

OhhO \l/ ^ ^^"' '^^^' ■^••^^' pacer, 15% hands, 1080 pounds, by Dall 
' ' Brino; dam, Bessie B , by grandson of Bonnie Scotland. 



ri;inH\/ O ^^^-i hands, 1000 pounds, .by D 
' y *' a double grandam of Alexander' 



Dall Brino; dam, Mayflower, 
grandam of Alexander's Abdullah. 



We solicit the patronage of all lovers of a good horse. Visitors welcome 
and stock shown with pleasure, six days in the week. 

Fine drivers, young stock of both sexes, and mares in foal for sale. 



LINSCOTT BROS, HOLTON, KAN. 



6 1908 



